Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Foods from Catalonia, Spain: Estimated Dietary Intake

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN M. LLOBET ◽  
ANA BOCIO ◽  
JOSE L. DOMINGO ◽  
ANGEL TEIXIDÓ ◽  
CONRAD CASAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
World Health ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Toxicity Equivalent ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

From June to August 2000, food samples were randomly acquired in seven cities in Catalonia, Spain. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were determined for 108 samples of vegetables, fruits, pulses, cereals, fish and shellfish, meats and meat products, eggs, milk and dairy products, and oils and fats. Levels of 11 PCB congeners (IUPAC 28, 52, 77, 101, 105, 118, 126, 138, 153, 169, and 180) were determined by high-resolution gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. For toxic equivalent (TEQ) calculations, World Health Organization (WHO) toxicity equivalent factors (WHO-TEFs) were used. The highest levels of most congeners were found in fish and shellfish (11,864.18 ng/kg [wet weight]), and the next highest levels, which were substantially lower, were found in milk and dairy products (674.50 ng/kg [wet weight]). For the general population of Catalonia, the total dietary intake of PCBs was found to be 150.13 pg WHO-TEQ/day. The largest contribution to this intake came from fish and shellfish (82.87 pg WHO-TEQ/day) and dairy products (29.38 pg WHO-TEQ per day). A relatively large contribution was also noted for cereals (11.36 pg WHO-TEQ/day). Among the PCB congeners determined in this study, PCB 126 showed the largest contribution to total TEQ intake (50.56%). The data obtained in this study should be useful in risk assessment with regard to human PCB exposure through food in Catalonia.

Human Dietary Exposure to Hexachlorobenzene in Catalonia, Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2148-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSER MARTÍ-CID ◽  
JUAN M. LLOBET ◽  
VICTORIA CASTELL ◽  
JOSE L. DOMINGO
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Male Adult

The concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in samples of foodstuffs widely consumed by the population of Catalonia, Spain. Food samples were randomly acquired in 12 cities of Catalonia between March and June of 2006. HCB levels were determined by high-resolution gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. The dietary intake of HCB was subsequently estimated for the population of Catalonia, and the results were compared with those of a survey performed in 2000. The highest HCB concentrations were found in oils and fats, fish and seafood, and dairy products, with mean levels of 0.481, 0.330, and 0.284 ng/g of fresh weight, respectively. HCB intake was estimated for four population groups: children, adolescents, adults, and seniors (aged > 65 years). The highest and lowest HCB intake corresponded to children and seniors, respectively. Similar results were found in our 2000 survey. For a standard male adult of 70-kg body weight, in the 2000 study, total dietary intake of HCB was 166.2 ng/day (2.4 ng/kg of body weight per day), whereas in the current survey the intake was 71.6 ng/day (1.0 ng/kg of body weight per day). On a body-weight basis, it means a decrease of 57%, which was mainly due to the important reductions in the contribution of dairy products (mainly cheese), as well as those of meat and meat products and fish and seafood. All the intakes are considerably lower than the World Health Organization tolerable daily intake, which is 0.17 μg/kg/day for noncancer effects and 0.16 μg/kg/day for neoplastic effects in humans.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Food Sources of Protein and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to < 10 Years: Findings of the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
Federico Lara Villoslada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Diet in the first years of life is an important factor in growth and development. Dietary protein is a critical macronutrient that provides both essential and nonessential amino acids required for sustaining all body functions and procedures, providing the structural basis to maintain life and healthy development and growth in children. In this study, our aim was to describe the total protein intake, type and food sources of protein, the adequacy to the Population Reference Intake (PRI) for protein by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) by the Institute of Medicine (IoM). Furthermore, we analyzed whether the consumption of dairy products (including regular milk, dairy products, or adapted milk formulas) is associated with nutrient adequacy and the contribution of protein to diet and whole dietary profile in the two cohorts of the EsNuPI (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population) study; one cohort was representative of the Spanish population from one to < 10 years old (n = 707) (Spanish reference cohort, SRS) who reported consuming all kinds of milk and one was a cohort of the same age who reported consuming adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, growing up milk, toddler’s milk, and enriched and fortified milks) (n = 741) (adapted milk consumers cohort, AMS). The children of both cohorts had a high contribution from protein to total energy intake (16.79% SRS and 15.63% AMS) and a high total protein intake (60.89 g/day SRS and 53.43 g/day AMS). We observed that protein intake in Spanish children aged one to < 10 years old was above the European and international recommendations, as well as the recommended percentages for energy intakes. The main protein sources were milk and dairy products (28% SRS and 29% AMS) and meat and meat products (27% SRS and 26% AMS), followed by cereals (16% SRS and 15% AMS), fish and shellfish (8% in both cohorts), eggs (5% SRS and 6% AMS), and legumes (4% in both cohorts). In our study population, protein intake was mainly from an animal origin (meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, fish and shellfish, and eggs) rather than from a plant origin (cereals and legumes). Future studies should investigate the long-term effect of dietary protein in early childhood on growth and body composition, and whether high protein intake affects health later in life.

scholarly journals Association between Healthy Dietary Patterns and Self-Reported Sleep Disturbances in Older Men: The ULSAM Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieve van Egmond ◽  
Xiao Tan ◽  
Per Sjögren ◽  
Tommy Cederholm ◽  
Christian Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Older Men ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products ◽  
Low Consumption

To date, little is known about how dietary patterns may link to measures of sleep quality in older subjects, who often suffer from sleep problems. Here, we investigated, in an older male population from Sweden (n = 970; aged 71 ± 1 year), whether adherence to the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI; based on recommendations from the World Health Organization) or the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is linked to sleep disturbances. The diet scores were calculated using a seven-day food diary, and self-reported sleep initiation or maintenance problems were assessed by questionnaires. When adjusted for potential confounders, no associations between dietary scores and sleep parameters were found. In contrast, low consumption of milk and dairy products —one of the dietary features of the MD —was associated with better subjective sleep initiation. This association was, however, not found in men with adequate reports of daily energy intake (~54% of the cohort). To summarize, our findings do not suggest that older men can mitigate perceived difficulties to fall and stay asleep by adhering to either the HDI or MD. Whether low consumption of milk and dairy products can facilitate sleep initiation must be confirmed in future studies by utilizing objective measures of sleep such as polysomnography. Finally, when investigating associations between dietary patterns and sleep, particular attention should be paid to the potential confounder of inadequate reporting of energy intake.

scholarly journals Screening and Evaluation of a Potential Bacteriocin Producing Lactobacillus in Milk and Dairy Products Collected from Puducherry

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1507
Author(s):  
T Punithavalli
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
World Health ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

In an array of identifying safe antimicrobial compounds, bacteriocin producing Lactobacillus strain have been investigated in this study from the daily consuming food resources of humans. Till now, the best studied bacteriocins are nisin A produced by Lactobacillus lactis and pedocin PA-1 synthesized by Pediococcus acidilactici which have been accredited as a preservative in the food industries by the World Health Organization (WHO). For this study, four different milk and dairy products viz., curd, cheese, yoghurt and butter were collected from the local markets of Karaikal region, Puducherry, India and were used for the isolation of Lactobacillus species using MRS agar. Totally, five morphologically distinct strains were collected and were initially named as MPD 1 to MPD 5. During the screening process of bacteriocin production, the strain MPD 5 showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Vibrio cholerae MTCC 3906 with 900AU/ml. This strain was molecular identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MDP 5 based on 16S rRNA partial sequence method. This 16S rRNA partial sequence was submitted to the NCBI nucleotide GenBank and provided with the accession number, MW301154.1. Further, this strain revealed an enhanced production of bacteriocin using the standardized physicochemical factors such as pH 7, 35°C, 2% fructose and 1% peptone. Furthermore, these optimal conditions revealed more than 2-fold increase in the bacteriocin production. All the above information suggesting the possibilities of bacteriocin for the bioindustrial production using the L. plantarum MDP 5 of this study and its future prospects for the investigation of biocidal activities against many highly infectious pathogens of human and veterinary.

scholarly journals The impact of bacterial cultures on changes in contents of PCB congeners in yoghurt and bioyoghurt

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Agata Witczak ◽  
Anna Mituniewicz-Małek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
Toxicity Equivalent ◽  
The Impact

Persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, may pose serious health hazard to consumers due to their lipophilic character as well as their high stability and toxicity. They are common in milk and also in dairy products. Therefore, to provide consumers with food of the lowest possible level of pollutants, it is important to estimate the influence of technological processes in milk and dairy products manufacture on changes in the contents of toxic PCB congeners. The PCB congeners content was determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Our study showed that yoghurt starter cultures turned out to be an effective tool in decreasing the toxicity equivalent of yoghurts. The presence of additional two starter cultures of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. In the A.B.T. bioyoghurt starter culture was most likely the reason of the highest efficiency of this culture to reduce the value of toxicity equivalent (TEQPCB) in bioyoghurts (reduction by nearly 50 %). However, none of the four tested starter cultures of yoghurts and bioyoghurts ensured complete biodegradation of any of the tested PCB congeners. These cultures contributed to a distinct reduction in contents of the PCB congeners in the finished products and, simultaneously, to a significant increase in PCB 28 and PCB 77, which may result from the degradation of more chlorinated congeners. In consequence it can improve the quality of fermented dairy products.

scholarly journals Biotype characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from milk and dairy products of private production in the western regions of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Kukhtyn ◽  
Y. V. Horyuk ◽  
V. V. Horyuk ◽  
T. Y. Yaroshenko ◽  
O. I. Vichko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Test System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Prevention of foodborne diseases is a priority for the world health system. In the process of manufacturing milk and dairy products, the most important factor endangering their safety is seeding with a conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora. Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria and other microorganisms that reproduce in dairy products without changing their organoleptic properties are a particular danger. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic, conditionally pathogenic microorganism that often contaminates raw milk and dairy products. The aim of the research presented in this article was to determine the dissemination of S. aureus in milk and milk products of household production in the western regions of Ukraine, to identify the biotypes of S. aureus, production of enterotoxins and the presence of methicillin-resistant strains. S. aureus was isolated on BD Baird-Parker Agar. The biotypes of S. aureus were determined according to Meer. The determination of MRSA was carried out on the chromogenic Agar chromID MRSA ("Biomerioux", Russia). The mecA gene was determined using the LightCycler MRSA Advanced Test with LightCycler 2.0 primer (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Germany). To determine staphylococcal enterotoxins, the test system RIDASCREENSET A, B, C, D, E (R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany) was used. We isolated saprophyte staphylococci from milk of raw and dairy products in western regions of Ukraine in 82.7–97.4% of samples. S. aureus is much more rarely isolated from these dairy products, so it was isolated from sour cream at 62.8 ± 0.9%, from milk at 35.5 ± 1.3% and cottage cheese at 23.0 ± 1.6%. Of the most well0known biotypes of S. aureus present in milk of raw and dairy products of domestic production, two ecological types were distinguished: human and cattle. In this case S. aureus var. hominis was isolated more often than in S. aureus var. bovis. This gives grounds to believe that the main source of contamination with milk staphylococci of raw and dairy products of domestic production is people. Enterotoxin type A, which causes foodborne toxemia, was produced by S. aureus in 40.0 ± 0.5% of cases. Consequently, home-produced dairy products can spread staphylococcal toxicity caused by S. aureus var. hominis. It was found that 17.8 ± 0.6% of S. aureus var. hominis were resistant to methicillin, which is 1.8 times greater than that of S. aureus var. bovis. This gives grounds to consider that there is a risk of MRSA infection to consumers of home-produced dairy products. All methicillin-resistant staphylococci studied produced enterotoxins. 

scholarly journals PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN COW MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS FROM THE MAJOR MILK PRODUCING AREA OF SRI LANKA

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagath JAYASINGHE ◽  
Samudra PATHIRANA ◽  
Dhammi DILHANI ◽  
Senevirathne NAVARATHNA ◽  
Manoj SINHAPURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Sterilized Milk ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Nuwara Eliya district is the leading fresh milk producing area in Sri Lanka. In the district, pesticides are widely applied for intensive cultivation of vegetables which leads to contamination of water and material used to feed cows. Contamination and health risk hazards of organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk and dairy products originated in the district were studied. Identification and quantification of eleven commonly used pesticides in 50 milk samples and 12 dairy product samples were performed using standard analytical methods and GC-MS technique. Results revealed that fresh milk contained residues of Prothiofos (0.0568±0.037 mg/kg), Diazinon (0.0378±0.009 mg/kg), Chlorpyrifos (0.0264±0.004 mg/kg), Profenofos (0.196±0.099 mg/kg), Fipronil (0.1906±0.188 mg/kg), Phenthoate (0.1012±0.110mgkg), Dimethoate (0.1196±0.201 mg/kg) and Tebuconazole (0.062±0.069 mg/kg) at higher levels than the recommended maximum residue levels (MRLs) of the World Health Organization. Sterilized milk (0.0115±0.000 mg/kg) and fermented milk (0.022±0.004 mg/kg) contained higher levels of Profenofos than the MRLs. Higher levels of Fipronil than MRLs were observed in pasteurized milk (0.086±0 mg/kg) and fermented milk (0.014±0.000 mg/kg) samples. Phenthoate at higher levels than MRL was reported in pasteurized milk (0.3645±0.402 mg/kg), sterilized milk (0.1405±0.197 mg/kg) and milk powder (0.0055±0.000 mg/kg). Moreover, Dimethoate content in fermented milk (0.087±0.012 mg/kg) was higher than the MRL. Routine monitoring of the above pollutants in food items including fresh milk and value added milk products is essential to prevent, control and reduce the pollution and to minimize the health risks to consumers.

scholarly journals Environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants measured in breast milk of lactating women from an urban area in central Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Grešner ◽  
Marek Zieliński ◽  
Danuta Ligocka ◽  
Kinga Polańska ◽  
Wojciech Wąsowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
High Resolution Gas Chromatography ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Toxicity Equivalent

Abstract Mothers’ milk is considered a channel by means of which new-borns are exposed to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), environmental pollutants entering food chain and accumulating in fat-rich tissues. In this study, the concentrations of selected PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs (a total of 29 substances) in milk samples of 110 breast-feeding women from an urban area were analyzed using the high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry method. Environmental exposure to these substances was expressed by means of the World Health Organization Toxicity Equivalent (WHO-TEQ2005) using the Toxicity Equivalent Factor values from van der Berg et al. (Toxicol. Sci. 93: 223-241, 2006). Concentrations and WHO-TEQ2005 values were then searched for plausible relationships with selected demographic and diet-related factors. The total WHO-TEQ2005 toxicity equivalent for all 29 substances was (mean ± SD) 10.57 ± 4.57 pg/g fat, while the WHO-TEQ2005 levels of PCDDs/PCDFs and dl-PCBs were 7.90 ± 4.17 pg/g fat and 2.67 ± 1.36 pg/g fat, respectively. The concentration and WHO-TEQ2005 toxicity equivalent of dl-PCBs correlated significantly with the mothers’ age (rP = 0.3814, p < 0.00005; rP = 0.2817, p < 0.005, respectively). The total WHO-TEQ2005 toxicity equivalent for all analyzed substances was found to be positively associated with the frequency of consumption of fish and dairy products (p < 0.05 for both associations). These outcomes must, however, be interpreted cautiously due to limited size of the study. The results of this paper may provide a basis for further studies on the exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs, and mechanisms underlying their action.

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