Thomas Trotter, ‘Introduction’ and ‘Definition of Drunkenness’, in An Essay Medical, Philosophical, and Chemical on Drunkenness and its Effects on the Human Body 1st Philadelphia Edition, (Philadelphia: Anthony Finley, 1813), pp. 11–22

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Dan Malleck
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals A Spectral-Based Approach for BCG Signal Content Classification

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Mohamed Chiheb Ben Nasr ◽  
Sofia Ben Jebara ◽  
Samuel Otis ◽  
Bessam Abdulrazak ◽  
Neila Mezghani
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Content Classification ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
Vital Sign Measurement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spectral Flatness Measure

This paper has two objectives: the first is to generate two binary flags to indicate useful frames permitting the measurement of cardiac and respiratory rates from Ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals—in fact, human body activities during measurements can disturb the BCG signal content, leading to difficulties in vital sign measurement; the second objective is to achieve refined BCG signal segmentation according to these activities. The proposed framework makes use of two approaches: an unsupervised classification based on the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and a supervised classification based on K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). Both of these approaches consider two spectral features, namely the Spectral Flatness Measure (SFM) and Spectral Centroid (SC), determined during the feature extraction step. Unsupervised classification is used to explore the content of the BCG signals, justifying the existence of different classes and permitting the definition of useful hyper-parameters for effective segmentation. In contrast, the considered supervised classification approach aims to determine if the BCG signal content allows the measurement of the heart rate (HR) and the respiratory rate (RR) or not. Furthermore, two levels of supervised classification are used to classify human-body activities into many realistic classes from the BCG signal (e.g., coughing, holding breath, air expiration, movement, et al.). The first one considers frame-by-frame classification, while the second one, aiming to boost the segmentation performance, transforms the frame-by-frame SFM and SC features into temporal series which track the temporal variation of the measures of the BCG signal. The proposed approach constitutes a novelty in this field and represents a powerful method to segment BCG signals according to human body activities, resulting in an accuracy of 94.6%.

Bodily Dasein and Chinese Script Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Tze-wan
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chinese Script ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Constitutive Principle ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn the Shuowen, one of the earliest comprehensive character dictionaries of ancient China, when discussing where the Chinese characters derive their structural components, Xu Shen proposed the dual constitutive principle of “adopting proximally from the human body, and distally from things around.” This dual emphasis of “body” and “things around” corresponds largely to the phenomenological issues of body or corporeality on the one hand, and lifeworld on the other. If we borrow Heidegger’s definition of Dasein as Being-in-the world, we can easily arrive at a reformulation of Xu Shen’s constitutive principle of the Chinese script as one that concerns “bodily Dasein.” By looking into various examples of script tokens we can further elaborate on how the Chinese make use not only of the body in general but various body parts, and how they differentiate their life world into material nature, living things, and a multifaceted world of equipment in forming a core basis of Chinese characters/components, upon which further symbolic manipulation such as “indication”, “phonetic borrowing”, semantic combination, and “annotative derivation”, etc. can be based. Finally, examples will be cited to show how in the Chinese scripts the human body (and its parts) might interact with other’s bodies (and their parts) or with “things around” (whether nature, living creatures, or artifacts) in various ways to cover the social, environmental, ritual, technical, economical, and even intellectual aspects of human experience. Bodily Dasein, so to speak, provides us with a new perspective of understanding and appreciating the entire scope of the Chinese script.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL AGE AS A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING HEALTH LEVEL UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Prokhorov ◽  
V. I. Dontsov ◽  
Vyacheslav N. Krutko ◽  
T. M. Khodykina
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Definition Of

The widespread formation of unfavorable environmental, the swiftness of modern life with large information and psycho-emotional loads and extremely natural and climatic cataclysms, as well as harmful addictions and wrong way of life of modern human, lead to the development of stress and disruption of the mechanisms of adaptation of the human body and its accelerated wear. This stimulates the development of research on the creation of new methods of integrated assessment of health and quantitative assessment of the aging processes of the body systems and the whole body, as well as the possibilities of new methods of risk assessment of climatic and environmentally related pathological and age-related diseases. The aim of the work was to consider the methodology of quantitative assessment of individual health and the rate of aging of the human body on the basis of the system index of Biological age (BA); description of its essence and structure, requirements for tests - biomarkers of aging used as the index of BA, definition of possibilities and scope of application of the BA method in modern practice of Biomedicine. The use of modern methods of scientific analysis - a systematic approach to the analysis of the processes of human aging and determine its quantitative side - the value of BA, allows a reasonable approach to the choice of the number of BM, to take into account their information content and precision, and the cost of diagnostics and availability for different users, to take into account the specific objectives of the researcher. The use of the index-partial BA allows individual approaching the choice of biomarkers and create personalized panels for the definition of BA programs for the prevention of aging in personalized preventive medicine. The complexity of the content and calculation of indices of BA requires automation and the use of methods of modern computer science and computer calculations and programs. For this purpose, we have created special computer software for diagnosing aging by calculating the BA indices with the possibility of choosing BM and automatic calculation of indicators and conclusions.

DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR DIAGNOSTIC DIABETES BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC METODS

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Евгений Николаевич Коровин ◽  
Екатерина Ивановна Новикова ◽  
Олег Валерьевич Родионов
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Definition Of

В статье рассматриваются разработки методов интеллектуальной поддержки процесса диагностики сахарного диабета, а также определение его типа. В последние годы количество людей, страдающих данным заболеванием, неуклонно растет, а без своевременной диагностики эта патология может нанести огромный вред организму человека. Сахарный диабет 1 типа опасен тем, что в основном возникает у людей молодого возраста. Оперативное обнаружение диабета, а также определение его типа, поможет не только избежать возможных осложнений, но и в некоторых случаях предотвратить смерть пациента. Информационные технологии все чаще используются в различных сферах деятельности для разработки новых или совершенствования существующих методов обработки данных, особенно это можно заметить в сфере медицины. В настоящее время врач самостоятельно ставит диагноз, основываясь на результатах различных анализов, однако, для ускорения процесса принятия решения, можно воспользоваться методами математического моделирования, а именно: моделями диагностики диабета на основе нечеткой логики. Для наибольшего удобства данный способ распознавания заболевания впоследствии можно реализовать в информационно-программное обеспечение, которое сможет еще больше увеличить эффективность и скорость распознавания патологии The article discusses the issues of the incidence of diabetes in the population, in particular, the definition of its type. In recent years, the number of people suffering from this disease has been steadily growing, and without timely diagnosis, this pathology can cause enormous harm to the human body. Prompt detection of diabetes, as well as determination of its type, will help not only avoid possible complications, but also in some cases prevent the death of the patient. Information technology is increasingly being used in various fields of activity to develop new or improve existing methods of data processing, especially in the field of medicine. Currently, the doctor independently makes a diagnosis based on the results of various analyzes, however, to speed up the decision-making process, you can use the methods of mathematical modeling, namely, models of diabetes diagnostics based on fuzzy logic. For the greatest convenience, this method of disease recognition can subsequently be implemented in information software, which can further increase the efficiency and speed of pathology recognition

Becoming Cyborg: Liberating One’s Real Species-Being. A Materialist Ontology of the Posthuman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Krueper
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Historical Materialist ◽  
Transfer Of Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
Race And Sexuality ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Species Being

Based on early Marx’s concept of the species-being, this paper provides a (historical) materialist definition of an ontology of being human and argues that it enables a theorization of a human post humanism. Such theory is based on the fact that cognitive capitalism’s rise of technology translates the human body into literal instruments of labor. However, the link of technology with the laborer enables a transfer of skills and powers that extend the body’s capabilities: creating thus, what this paper terms, the cyber-body. The material reality of this cyber-body is ambivalent: It is a reality of exploitation and abstraction, designed to eventually create infinite capital accumulation, as well as a reality of liberation from the social divisions of class, gender, race, and sexuality by use of its network connecting capabilities. Put together, this ambivalence recovers the real species-being.

scholarly journals Can Homeostasis Be Static?

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
В. Ф. Пятин ◽  
В. В. Еськов
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Unstable Behavior ◽  
Body Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Definition Of

Особое понимание гомеостаза и гомеостатичного регулирования в целом появилось за последние 20 лет в связи с доказательством гипотезы W. Weaver о биосистемах третьего типа и открытием эффекта Еськова–Зинченко. Однако имеется ряд работ, в которых высказывалось мнение о нестатичности в гомеостатичном регулировании внутренней среды организма человека. Более того, в рамках этого эффекта сейчас говорят об отсутствии статичных состояний любых функций организма человека. Это существенно расширяет наши представления о теории функциональных систем организма человека, которую разрабатывал П. К. Анохин в середине XX века. Сейчас мы вправе говорить о новом понимании кибернетики, которая лежит в основе описания различных физиологических функций человека. Возникает новая биологическая и медицинская кибернетика, в которой нет статичного гомеостаза и нет статики в параметрах функций организма человека. In 20 years the new understanding of homeostasis and special homeostatic regulation emerged associated with the W. Weaver hypothesis on biosystems of the third type and the discovery of the Eskov-Zinchenko effect. There are some papers about the unstable behavior of the homeostasis regulation in the human body. Now we can speak about the absence of any stable states of any human body function. This significantly expands our understanding of the theory of human functional systems developed by P. K. Anokhin in the middle of the 20th century. Now we can speak of a new understanding of cybernetics as a basis for the definition of various human physiological functions. A new biological and medical cybernetics is emerging; it denies static homeostasis and static parameters of the human body functions.

scholarly journals Modern Classification of the Properties of Papillary Patterns of Human Hands and Feet for the Solution of Identification and Non-Identification Problems in Forensic Expert Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459
Author(s):  
V. I. Balko
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Identification Problems ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
First Time ◽  
Papillary Pattern

The relevance and novelty of the topic of the article is connected with the fact that for the first time the improved classification of the properties of human papillary patterns and their displays and the dynamic trend of expanding the legal base of fingerprint registration in the world are considered. The goal is to systematize the properties of human papillary patterns and their representations. General scientific and special methods were used. The analysis of the literature and the author's practice allow us to identify and consider the following properties of papillary patterns and their mappings, which were divided into three groups for cognitive purposes: their own properties, the properties of mappings, and the properties of the fat-rich substance of the human papillary pattern and its trace. For the first time, the properties of the poly-fat substance of the human papillary pattern and its trace are presented, which is important in view of the trend in the development of complex fingerprint examination. For the first time, the first and second groups are conditionally divided into four subgroups: for solving identification, diagnostic, classification and situational problems. For the first time, the third group is further conditionally divided into four subgroups: according to the interaction of the human body fat with the carrier object; according to the isolation of the human body fat trace; according to the dynamics of the preservation and contrast of the display of the fat-free substance of the human papillary pattern. On the other hand, the properties of papillary patterns themselves are divided into basic properties and properties for solving identification and non-identification problems, respectively. The author's definition of the following concepts is presented: "basic properties of human papillary patterns" and "properties of human papillary patterns", "basic properties of human papillary patterns mappings" and "properties of human papillary patterns mappings", "basic properties of human papillary matter" and "properties of human papillary matter", "basic properties of human papillary matter" and" properties of human papillary matter". This provides an opportunity for specialists and teachers to improve their cognitive and practical activities, and for those responsible and competent for the organization of examinations to consider creating a center for comprehensive fingerprint examination.

scholarly journals “Lving” and “probiotic” cosmetics: modern view and defenitions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tkachenko ◽  
O. Chagarovskyi ◽  
N. Dets ◽  
E. Sevastyanova ◽  
L. Lanzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Disorders

In the presented article, based on the detailed analysis of scientific sources and many years of own experience in production of the probiotic foods, the definition of “probiotics” in cosmetics, as well as the definition of “living” and “probiotic” cosmetics is proposed.The skin is a complex barrier organ that has a symbiotic relationship between microbial communities and host tissue via complex signals provided by the innate and the adaptive immune systems. It is constantly exposed to various endogenous and exogenous factors – physical, chemical, bacterial and fungal, as well as the effects of the hormonal disorders, which affect this balanced system potentially leading to inflammatory skin conditions comprising infections, allergies or autoimmune diseases. In opposition to the gut and stool microbiome, which has been studied and described for many years, investigations on the skin or scalp microbiome lasts only for last 10 years. Therefore, the screening of effective means of correcting and/or maintaining the human normoflora for the preservation of healthy skin microbiome today is an urgent task.It is well known that probiotics and prebiotics are helpful for specific disorders in the human body. Skeptics wonder: can the probiotics and prebiotics be scientifically applied in cosmetics? Different clinical studies indicated that they have special effects in cutaneous apparatus directly or indirectly, which can be considered from different aspects. Probiotic bacteriotherapy can have great potential in accelerating wound healing, in preventing and treating the skin diseases including eczema, atopic dermatitis, acne, allergic inflammation or skin hypersensitivity, UV-induced skin damage and cosmetics products. Therefore, some firms are already incorporating bacteria and/or their lysates into skin creams with the promise of «rebalancing» the community of bacteria that live in the human body and delivering healthier, more radiant-looking skin. However, such parameters as the type of probiotic, the form in which it is added to the formulation (living bacteria, lysates, etc.) and the recommended concentrations of these ingredients in cosmetic products that are safe and effective are still not defined. Due to currently widespread use of probiotic cosmetic products in the world beauty industry, the concept of "probiotic" in the cosmetic industry requires a clear definition.

scholarly journals Analysis of physical mechanisms of human body instability for the definition of hazard zones present in emergency action plans of dams. Case study: Santa Helena Dam, Bahia

RBRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Marcos da Silva Vieira ◽  
Andrea Sousa Fontes ◽  
André Luiz Andrade Simões
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Buoyancy Force ◽  
Flood Wave ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Flood Waves

ABSTRACT The impacts caused by flood waves due to dam ruptures usually cause irreversible damages to the resident population, and, the loss of body equilibrium in floods contributes to aggravate this scenario. In this context, this work aimed to analyse the influence of consideration of physical mechanisms that cause instability in the human body on the definition of hazard zones. Therefore, it was developed simulation of the propagation of the flood wave due to the hypothetical rupture of Santa Helena Dam in Bahia, using the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS. The results of flow velocities and heights were related and compared to different criteria of hazard zonings and mechanisms that cause body instability. It was verified that the consideration of instability mechanisms of the human body can contribute to hazard management, through the knowledge of areas in which different individuals may topple or slide. It was confirmed that in supercritical flow regimes is more likely for the individual to slide and that in subcritical regimes the individual will topple. Moreover, the consideration of parameters such as buoyancy force and the angle related to the human body's adaptive ability in a flooding influence on the definition of zones.

Comparing Segmentation Approaches for Learning-Aware Wireframe Generation on Human Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jida Huang ◽  
Tsz-Ho Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Parameters

Abstract Wireframe has been proved very useful for learning human body from semantic parameters. However, the definition of the wireframe is highly dependent on the anthropological experiences of experts in previous works. Hence it is usually not easy to obtain a well-defined wireframe for a new set of human models in the available database. To overcome such difficulty, an automated wireframe generation method would be very helpful in relieving the need for manual anthropometric definition. In order to find such an automated wireframe designing method, a natural way is using automatic segmentation methods to divide the human body model into small mesh patches. Nevertheless, different segmentation approaches could have various segmented patches, thus resulting in various wireframes. How these wireframes affect human body learning performance? In this paper, we attempt to answer this research question by comparing different segmentation methods. Different wireframes are generated with the mesh segmentation methods, and then we use these wireframes as an intermediate agent to learn the relationship between the human body mesh models and the semantic parameters. We compared the reconstruction accuracy with different generated wireframe sets and summarized several meaningful design guidelines for developing an automatic wireframe-aware segmentation method for human body learning.

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