scholarly journals Modern Classification of the Properties of Papillary Patterns of Human Hands and Feet for the Solution of Identification and Non-Identification Problems in Forensic Expert Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459
Author(s):  
V. I. Balko
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Identification Problems ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
First Time ◽  
Papillary Pattern

The relevance and novelty of the topic of the article is connected with the fact that for the first time the improved classification of the properties of human papillary patterns and their displays and the dynamic trend of expanding the legal base of fingerprint registration in the world are considered. The goal is to systematize the properties of human papillary patterns and their representations. General scientific and special methods were used. The analysis of the literature and the author's practice allow us to identify and consider the following properties of papillary patterns and their mappings, which were divided into three groups for cognitive purposes: their own properties, the properties of mappings, and the properties of the fat-rich substance of the human papillary pattern and its trace. For the first time, the properties of the poly-fat substance of the human papillary pattern and its trace are presented, which is important in view of the trend in the development of complex fingerprint examination. For the first time, the first and second groups are conditionally divided into four subgroups: for solving identification, diagnostic, classification and situational problems. For the first time, the third group is further conditionally divided into four subgroups: according to the interaction of the human body fat with the carrier object; according to the isolation of the human body fat trace; according to the dynamics of the preservation and contrast of the display of the fat-free substance of the human papillary pattern. On the other hand, the properties of papillary patterns themselves are divided into basic properties and properties for solving identification and non-identification problems, respectively. The author's definition of the following concepts is presented: "basic properties of human papillary patterns" and "properties of human papillary patterns", "basic properties of human papillary patterns mappings" and "properties of human papillary patterns mappings", "basic properties of human papillary matter" and "properties of human papillary matter", "basic properties of human papillary matter" and" properties of human papillary matter". This provides an opportunity for specialists and teachers to improve their cognitive and practical activities, and for those responsible and competent for the organization of examinations to consider creating a center for comprehensive fingerprint examination.

scholarly journals Conceptual Change in the law of Medicolegal Certification of injuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delawar Khan ◽  
Khalid Aziz ◽  
Inayar Ur Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Change ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Human Body ◽  
New Classification ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time

The Laws relating the offences against the human body has completely changed with the promulgation of the Criminal Law Ordinance, commonly called Qisas and Diyat Law but the doctors in their medicolegal certificates still express their opinions according to the previous law, which causes problem for the courts to assess the true nature of injury. This practice should immediately be stopped as it confuses the facts, dims the issue and hinders the dispensation of justice. Qisas and Diyat Law has introduced new classification of hurt (injury), which is more clear and elaborate. Besides, this law has provided compensation for physical sufferings due to criminal hurts for the first time in Pakistan. The provisions for the grant of compensation for criminal damages are Arsh, Daman and diyat. In addition there is a provision of qisas. These legal terms should be clearly understood before undertaking medico legal certification.

scholarly journals Classification of Partially Regular Microreliefs Formed on the End Surfaces of Rotary Bodies

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Dzyura ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
New Class ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Dimensional Parameters ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rotating Bodies

The aim of the article is to classify partially regular microreliefs that are formed on the end surfaces of rotating bodies. The article analyzes the known classifications of regular microreliefs in scientific publications and regulations. The parameters by which regular microreliefs are classified and their characteristics are analyzed. The lack of information on the classification of partially regular microreliefs formed on the end surfaces of rotating bodies as a new class of microreliefs has been established. The proposed classification reveals a set of options for the implementation of partially regular microreliefs formed on the end surfaces of bodies of rotation and their characteristics. For the first time the classification of partially regular microreliefs that are formed on the end surfaces of rotating bodies is offered, carried out on the basis of features of kinematics of technological process. It c can be a basis for creation of their mathematical models and definition of the relative area of vibro-rolling. Signs of classification are proposed to take: methods of forming a partially regular microrelief; the shape of the centerline of continuous regular micro-irregularities; mutual arrangement of adjacent grooves; mutual placement of axial lines of continuous regular micro-inequalities; groove shapes. Each of these features is divided into certain sub-features, which consist of the corresponding characteristics, which are expressed by the elements of the mode of vibration rolling, the dimensional parameters of the elements of the grooves, their mutual placement. For the first time, analytical dependences were obtained to determine the parameter of partially regular microreliefs classification formed on the end surfaces of rotating bodies by the nature of the change in the radii of the axial lines and their axial steps.

scholarly journals A Synergetic Theory of Information

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Vyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Discrete Systems ◽  
Information Law ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

A new approach is presented to defining the amount of information, in which information is understood as the data about a finite set as a whole, whereas the average length of an integrative code of elements serves as a measure of information. In the framework of this approach, the formula for the syntropy of a reflection was obtained for the first time, that is, the information which two intersecting finite sets reflect (reproduce) about each other. Features of a reflection of discrete systems through a set of their parts are considered and it is shown that reproducible information about the system (the additive syntropy of reflection) and non-reproducible information (the entropy of reflection) are, respectively, measures of the structural order and the chaos. At that, the general classification of discrete systems is given by the ratio of the order and the chaos. Three information laws have been established: The law of conservation of the sum of chaos and order; the information law of reflection; and the law of conservation and transformation of information. An assessment of the structural organization and the level of development of discrete systems is presented. It is shown that various measures of information are structural characteristics of integrative codes of elements of discrete systems. A conclusion is made that, from the information-genetic positions, the synergetic approach to the definition of the quantity of information is primary in relation to the approaches of Hartley and Shannon.

scholarly journals RETINOIDS IN DERMATOLOGY:FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY AND PROSPECTS OF SYNTHETIC ANALOGUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
V. B. KOVTUN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the work was to analyze and summarize information on the functional activity of known retinoids, as well as to determine the directions of their modification and prospects for the use of their synthetic analogues in dermatology. The literature on retinoids metabolism stages in the human body, the mechanisms of their action and the properties that determine their use in various medical fields was considered and analyzed. Information on dermatological diseases treatment with natural retinoids and their synthetic analogues was summarized. The modern classification of retinoids based on the peculiarities of their chemical structure and functional activity is given, the relationship between these characteristics and the direction of use of such drugs in dermatology and cosmetology is shown. Prospects for the practical application of synthetic retinoids represented mainly by polyaromatic compounds are due to their higher stability and efficiency, as well as reduced irritant effect due to selectivity for nuclear receptors.

A new species of the genus Mesambria Stål, 1878 with notes on the tribe Mesambriini (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Catantopinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4418 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
SERGEY YU. STOROZHENKO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The new species Mesambria intermedia Storozhenko, sp. nov. is described from Indonesia. Male genitalia of the type species of the genera Mesambria Stål, 1878 and Traulia Stål, 1873 are described and illustrated for the first time. The diagnosis of the tribe Mesambriini is given and the position of this tribe in the modern classification of grasshoppers is discussed. New synonymy is proposed: Mesambriini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 = Trauliini Bolivar, 1917, syn. nov., = Ranacridinae Xia, 2006, syn. nov.

scholarly journals De-Extinction

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Novak
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
New Classification ◽  
International Union ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Woolly Mammoth

De-extinction projects for species such as the woolly mammoth and passenger pigeon have greatly stimulated public and scientific interest, producing a large body of literature and much debate. To date, there has been little consistency in descriptions of de-extinction technologies and purposes. In 2016, a special committee of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) published a set of guidelines for de-extinction practice, establishing the first detailed description of de-extinction; yet incoherencies in published literature persist. There are even several problems with the IUCN definition. Here I present a comprehensive definition of de-extinction practice and rationale that expounds and reconciles the biological and ecological inconsistencies in the IUCN definition. This new definition brings together the practices of reintroduction and ecological replacement with de-extinction efforts that employ breeding strategies to recover unique extinct phenotypes into a single “de-extinction” discipline. An accurate understanding of de-extinction and biotechnology segregates the restoration of certain species into a new classification of endangerment, removing them from the purview of de-extinction and into the arena of species’ recovery. I term these species as “evolutionarily torpid species”; a term to apply to species falsely considered extinct, which in fact persist in the form of cryopreserved tissues and cultured cells. For the first time in published literature, all currently active de-extinction breeding programs are reviewed and their progress presented. Lastly, I review and scrutinize various topics pertaining to de-extinction in light of the growing body of peer-reviewed literature published since de-extinction breeding programs gained public attention in 2013.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN OUTERWEAR DURING FORENSIC EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliia Shytova ◽  
◽  
Yevhen Sobakar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Storage

Today in forensic practice there are more and more questions about determining the market value of stolen property to determine the material damage to the victim. Including stolen property is outerwear. The classification is widely used in the science of commodities, as a huge number of objects - products, their properties and parameters, conditions and shelf life - requires units set into subsets according to certain criteria. Features of the modern classification of outerwear are a very im-portant issue in commodity science in determining the general characteristics and properties of this group of goods. Modern outerwear belongs to the products of a complex range, which are quite diverse in their materials and methods of production and include a large number of species and varieties. The state of the outerwear market in Ukraine in recent years is characterized by trends towards an increase in the range and modernization. A lot of clothing has appeared that has additional functions and purposes, therefore it is necessary to comprehensively consider the definition of classification presented today in commodity science, as well as improve the existing classifications and assortment. The peculiarities of classification of modern outerwear, requirements for raw materials, as well as marking of clothing with symbols for care, packaging and storage, requirements of regulatory and technical documentation to the nomenclature of product quality indicators and their application on outerwear are studied. An analysis of the assortment of modern outerwear that has appeared on the market over the past decade made it clear that the various approaches to the classification of outerwear that exist today cannot be used to conduct a commodity examination of clothing in full. This leads to a significant expenditure of time on the assortment identification of clothing, because it requires finding signs of classifications in different classification systems, their analysis and generalization for practical application. The consumer properties of outerwear and their influence on the formation of the range on the market are studied. The inclusion of varieties of modern outerwear in the general classification for use in forensic examination is proposed.

scholarly journals Innovative process as an object of management

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
M. Chechelashvili ◽  
Z. Chkhaidze
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

The article explores the term "innovation", for which the authors use modern approaches to its understanding. According author’s mind, In the world economic literature, “innovation” is interpreted as the transformation of potential scientific and technological progress into real, embodied in new products and technologies. The issue of innovations in our country has traditionally been developed in the framework of economic research of scientific and technical progress. The term “innovation” has been actively used in the transition economy of Georgia, both independently and to denote a number of related concepts: innovation activity, innovation process, innovation solution, etc. To clarify the concept of innovation, we consider different views on its essence. After giving their own definition of the term, the authors proceed to the classification of innovations and note that their diversity and heterogeneity require some kind of work. According to the classification of the authors of the study, innovations are divided according to innovative potential, technological parameters, content, place in the enterprise, causes, nature of the needs being satisfied, degree of territorial novelty. The authors think that the innovation process as an object of management is much more complex than a routine production process. Any business performed by a person or an organization for the first time is nothing more than an innovation process (table), which causes a lot of difficulties and mistakes, requires alterations and adjustments. Routine processes, on the contrary, are repeated regularly, which leads to specialization and automation of personnel knowledge and skills, reduction of errors in the technological process, and development of a clear and effective algorithm of actions. In the process of research, the authors compiled a comparative description of the innovation and production processes and gave the concept, structure, content of the work of innovation processes at its main stages. In conclusion, the authors note that as F. Kotler notes, the development of a new product is most effective in those cases where from the very beginning there is close cooperation between the research and development department and the technical, manufacturing, marketing and financial departments of the company.

scholarly journals First record of the littoral genus Alismobates (Acari: Oribatida) from the Atlantic ocean, with a redefinition of the family Fortuyniidae based on adult and juvenile morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3301 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS PFINGSTL ◽  
REINHART SCHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Tidal Inundation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Alismobates inexpectatus sp.n., found on rocky shores of the archipelago of Bermuda is described from larva to adult. Addi-tionally a detailed description of the immatures of Fortuynia atlantica, also known from Bermuda, is given. Based on adult andjuvenile morphology the position of the genus Alismobates within the family of Fortuyniidae is clearly confirmed. Furthermorethe definition of the family Fortuyniidae is revised and the classification of its members is discussed. The Fortuyniidae are bestcharacterized by the presence of a “van der Hammen’s Organ”, whereas the configuration of cuticular channels differs remark-ably between the genera Fortuynia and Alismobates. The juveniles of A. inexpectatus and F. atlantica Krisper et Schuster, 2008exhibit conformity in most aspects, whereas porose areas associated with notogastral setae and singular pores in the lateral andposterior ventral folds leading into fine tracheal tubes are documented for the first time in fortuyniid immatures. These poresare part of a complex plastron system expressed in immatures to withstand tidal inundation. The present discovery of Alismo-bates inexpectatus is the first record of a member of this genus from Atlantic coasts and therefore represents a considerable extension of the geographic distribution of this taxon.

scholarly journals Rigorous fundamentals of classification of light-induced behaviour from freely motile microorganisms.

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Nadia P. Massjuk ◽  
Yuriy I. Posudin
Keyword(s):  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Terminological Confusion

SUMMARY. Rigorous fundamentals of classification of light-induced behaviour from freely motile microorganisms. The revision of terminology and classification principles of the types of light—dependent movement behaviour of freely motile organisms and their populations has demonstrated the presence of various classification systems being the source of the terminological confusion. It is shown that the present classification and definition of the terms had a number of logical mistakes. The primary meaning of the term "phototopotaxis" which implies any light- dependent movement behaviour of freely motile organisms is proposed. It is possible to use the restored term "phototopotaxis" for definition of the movement oriented relative to the light stimulus. The parametrical principle of the classification of the types of phototaxis for a single or a population of cells is recommended for the first time. According to this principle it is possible to put in order the available facts and terminology on the strict logical basis, to forecast the dependence of the movement parameters of the biological objects on the light stimulus characteristics which has been not established till now, and to develop the program of further research. The parametrical principle could also be used for the classification of taxa induced by any stimuli. The photoreaction (immediate response to any change of the light stimulus) of freely motile organisms is discussed as a part of the more general meaning - phototaxis.Key words. Algae, classification, photomovement, terminology.RESUMEN. Fundamentos rigurosos de la clasificación del comportamiento inducido por la luz de microorganismos móviles. La revisión de la terminología y principios de la clasificación de los tipos de movimientos dependientes de la luz en organismos móviles, así como en sus poblaciones, ha mostrado la existencia de diferentes sistemas de clasificación incongruentes entre sí, y que dan lugar a una gran confusión de términos. En particular, cl sistema actual de clasificación y definición de términos adolece de ciertos errores relacionados con la lógica formal. Se propone el uso del término "fototopotaxis" en su definición inicial, cualquier movimiento de un organismo móvil que es dependiente de la luz. Así, se puede usar este término para definir el movimiento en relación a la orientación relativa de la fuente de luz. Se sugiere, por primera vez, cl uso del principio parametric° de la clasificación de los tipos de fototaxis, bien para una sola célula o para una población de células. De acuerdo con este principio, es posible poner orden en la terminología relacionada con los tipos de movimiento siguiendo estrictamente los criterios dc la lógica formal, predecir la dependencia de los pardmetros de movimiento del obcjto biológico en relación a las características del estímulo lumínico (lo cual no se había tenido en cuenta hasta ahora), y desarrollar futuros programas de investigación. El principio parametric° de clasificación también podría usarse para la clasificación de los taxa, en relación con cualquier tipo de estímulo. Se discute el significado del termino fotoreacción (respuesta inmediata cualquier tipo dc cambio en el estímulo lumínico), aplicable a organismos móviles, en el contexto más amplio de la fototaxis.Palabras clave. Algas, clasificación, fotomovimiento, terminología.

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