The re-organization of the FATF as an international legal person and the promises and limits to accountability

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Nathanael Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
Legal Person

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI SUATU GAGASAN UNTUK KORPORASI SEBAGAI LEGAL PERSON YANG MANDIRI DALAM PERTANGGUNGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Halimah Humayra Tuanaya
Keyword(s):  
Legal Person

ABSTRACTPenelitian ini menjelaskan konsep pertanggungjawaban korporasi dalam hukum pidana yang merekonstruksi teori dan doktrin hukum lama untuk diterapkan dalam korporasi. Hukum pidana mengesampingkan untuk mengadaptasi prinsip personalitas korporasi menyebabkan  konsep pertanggungjawaban korporasi bergantung pada konsep personalitas dalam hukum pidana.Tatanan praktis dalam pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi akan selalu lepas dari jeratan hukum oleh karena penerapan konsep personalitas pada penegakan hukumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan berbasis data kepustakaan serta emperis dengan melihat fakta-fakta kasus yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menunjukan pertama, dalam penerapan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi, korporasi dianggap sebagai entitas yang sama dengan personal yang ada didalamnya, sehingga korporasi tidak dapat menjadi subyek hukum yang melakukan tindak pidana. Kedua, melalui kritik kesalahan dalam ajaran normatif seyogyanya korporasi dapat dipertanggungjawabkan tanpa mengaitkan korporasi dengan pengurus yang mengelola korporasi. Kata Kunci : Pertanggungjawaban pidana, Legal Person, Pidana Korporasi

A Philosophical Analysis To Uncover The Meaning And Terminology Of Person In Indonesian Criminal Law Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Nani Mulyati ◽  
Topo Santoso ◽  
Elwi Danil
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Meaning

The definition of person and non-person always change through legal history. Long time ago, law did not recognize the personality of slaves. Recently, it accepted non-human legal subject as legitimate person before the law. This article examines sufficient conditions for being person in the eye of law according to its particular purposes, and then, analyses the meaning of legal person in criminal law. In order to do that, scientific methodology that is adopted in this research is doctrinal legal research combined with philosophical approach. Some theories regarding person and legal person were analysed, and then the concept of person was associated with the accepted definition of legal person that is adopted in the latest Indonesian drafted criminal code. From the study that has been done, can be construed that person in criminal law concerned with norm adressat of the rule, as the author of the acts or omissions, and not merely the holder of rights. It has to be someone or something with the ability to think rationally and the ability to be responsible for the choices he/she made. Drafted penal code embraces human and corporation as its norm adressat. Corporation defined with broad meaning of collectives. Consequently, it will include not only entities with legal personality, but also associations without legal personality. Furthermore, it may also hold all kind of collective namely states, states bodies, political parties, state’s corporation, be criminally liable.

scholarly journals Hak Terbang Pesawat Udara Asing di Atas Perairan Kepulauan

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Usmawadi Usmawadi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
The Government ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
State Territory

Salah satu unsur terpenting bagi suatu negara sebagai subjek hukum internasional adalah unsur wilayah, seperti yang dinyatakan oleh O'Connell; Without territory a legal person can not a state, yaitu tanpa wilayah suatu pribadi hukum tidak dapat menjadi suatu negara. Juga Ian Brownlie, menyatakan: The state territory and its appurtenances (airspace and territorial sea), togetherwith the government and population within its frontier, comprise the physical and social manisfestation of the primary type of international legal person, the state.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability and Crime and Punishment Proportionality in the Crime of Legal Entities

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Samira Soltani ◽  
Ahmad Ramazani
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
The Public ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Economic Exclusion ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Entities ◽  
The Way

One of the innovations of Islamic Penal Code in 2013 was to accept criminal liability of legal entities. By accepting criminal liability of legal entities, the way to punish them is arisen. As a legal person cannot commit any crime, any punishments are not applicable to them. Accordingly, Article 20 of this Law enumerated a list of penalties applicable to legal persons and it was tried to use penalties in accordance with the legal entities to deal with them. Punishments such as dissolution, confiscation, cash fine, announcement of the judgment, Diyeh, social and economic exclusion; such as a ban on business activities, prohibition of the public invitation to raise capital and ban from drawing business documents listed in Article 20 and Article 14, are a set of punishments which relatively different from usual punishment for individuals. These penalties are relative diversity, but what is objectionable is that the details and conditions of implementation of each of these punishments are not clear. If legislator described the details exactly or provided the condition to require the adoption of The Executive Bylaw of the punishment, it would be better. Given that all the points and issues about penalties for legal persons are not stated in this law as well as ambiguities in the law for a comprehensive definition of legal person, the way to implement main and supplementary punishments, In this study it was tried to evaluate and criticize the legal entities penalties including main and supplementary ones and their grading.

The conceptual metaphors in law—a case analysis of PRC Company Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Wang ◽  
Yanjun Tu
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
A Company

Abstract It is said that metaphor is often than not ignored in forensic language in respect of legislation, judiciary, law enforcement and dissemination, as people think that law is a rigorous discipline and legal language is rigid, and that the use of metaphor can make the law lose its accuracy and authority. Then what is the truth? Based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), this study aims to investigate the conceptual metaphor in the cognitive domain of law. The authors have conducted a text analysis and a follow-up review on Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (PRC Company Law for short) and extracted five categories of conceptual metaphor centering on A COMPANY IS A LEGAL PERSON, including its identity, rights, obligations, liabilities and relationship with other companies.

scholarly journals Libre circulación de personas y Derecho Internacional Privado: un análisis a la luz de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea = Free movement of persons and International Private Law: an analysis in the light of the case law of the European Court of Justice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Irene Blázquez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Free Movement Of Persons

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la interacción entre la libre circulación de per-sonas y el Derecho internacional privado. Mediante esta dimensión se profundiza en la esencia de esta movilidad intra-UE, al tiempo que se calibra el alcance del status civitatis europeo. Este estudio se sus-tenta en una jurisprudencia reciente –si  bien consolidada– del TJUE en la que se garantiza no sólo el desplazamiento sino también el reconocimiento de situaciones privadas en el espacio europeo, y ello con independencia de la regulación material o conflictual del Estado miembro de acogida. En esta acción, la persona tanto física como jurídica trasciende su propio Derecho nacional y adquiere una auténtica dimensión “europea”.Palabras clave: libre circulación de personas, ciudadanía de la Unión, Derecho internacional pri-vado, estatuto personal.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse the interaction between the free movement of persons and private international law. This dimension deepens in the essence of this intra-EU mobility, at the same time as measuring the scope of the European status civitatis. This study is based on recent –yet already well defined– case law of the CJEU, guaranteeing not only the movement but also the mutual recognition of civil situations into the common European space, independent of substantive or conflict rules of the host member state. With this action, both natural and legal person go beyond their own na-tional law in order to acquire a truly “European” dimension.Keywords: free movement of persons, European citizenship, Private International Law, personal status.   

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IS IT A THREAT OR AN OPPORTUNITY BASED ON ITS LEGAL PERSONALITY AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Mark Louis ◽  
Angelina Anne Fernandez ◽  
Nazura Abdul Manap ◽  
Shamini Kandasamy ◽  
Sin Yee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological World ◽  
The Impact

Information technology is taking the world by storm. The technological world is changing rapidly and drastically. Human activities are taken over by robots and computers. The usage of computers and robots has increased productivity in various sectors. The emergence of artificial intelligence has stirred up many debates on both its importance and limitations. Artificial intelligence is directed to the usage of Information Technology in conducting tasks that normally require human intelligence. The expectation of artificial intelligence is high, nevertheless, artificial intelligence has its shortcomings namely the impact of artificial intelligence on the concept of a legal personality. The problem with artificial Intelligence is the debate on whether does it have a legal personality? And another problem is under what situation does the law treat artificial intelligence as an entity with its own rights and obligations. The objective of this article is to examine the various definitions of legal personality and whether artificial intelligence can become a legal person. The article will also examine the criminal liability of artificial intelligence when a crime has been committed. The methodology adopted is qualitative namely Doctrinal Legal Research by analyzing the relevant legal views from various journals on artificial intelligence. The study found out that artificial intelligence has its limitations in defining its legal personality and also in examining the criminal liability when a crime has been committed by robots.

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