Institutionalized Mental Trauma and Generational Transmission

The obesity epidemic is spreading worldwide without reversal trend and despite specific policies oriented to dietary habits and lifestyle, which seem to have modest effects. Genetic factors only partly explain the rise, whereas environmental factors seem to play a key role, mainly by gene-environment interactions through epigenetic mechanisms. A number of animal and human studies point to maternal diet, intestinal microbiota and chemicals introduced as contaminants with food, all factors able to increase the risk of obesity. Widely diffused toxics (mainly BPA, phthalates, pesticides) are able to promote obesity in children and adults, mainly by acting on the differentiation pathway linking multipotent stromal stem cell to mature adipocyte, modulating epigenetic factors and influencing a series of mechanisms finally leading to altered dietary habits, increased adipocyte formation and fat storage. Furthermore, the adipose tissue is an important target for several chemicals (mainly POPs) which represent a threat to metabolic health. In conclusion, besides excessive individual energy intake and inadequate lifestyle, other broadly diffused and modifiable factors (mainly ingestion of toxic chemicals with food) seem to have a critical role in the rapid epidemiological growing of obesity, also considering trans-generational transmission of risk and later development of obesity due to exposure during early life. Further studies are needed, to better assess interactions between cumulative effects of toxic food contaminants and modification of diet and lifestyle, and to verify the efficacy of primary prevention strategies acting on all these factors and potentially able to reverse the continuous rising of the obesity epidemic.

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Psychological Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease on Cancer Patients

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999210101151035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Gaurav Dhiman

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Hemostasis in rats with different levels of motor activity after vital stress

Тромбоз, гемостаз и реология ◽

10.25555/thr.2019.3.0893 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ю.А. Бондарчук ◽

О.В. Алексеева ◽

И.И. Шахматов ◽

Ю.Б. Лебедева ◽

Е.Ю. Медведева

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Psychoemotional Stress ◽

Partner Death ◽

Mental Trauma ◽

Total Body ◽

Antithrombin Iii Activity ◽

Different Levels ◽

Body Response

Введение. Психоэмоциональный стресс, связанный с риском для жизни и здоровья (витальный стресс), вызывает комплексную ответную реакцию всего организма. Система гемостаза, обеспечивающая жидкостные характеристики циркулирующей крови, играет существенную роль в формировании процессов адаптации или дезадаптации. Нарушения равновесия в процессах свертывания и противосвертывания вместе с изменениями микроциркуляции являются основой патогенеза острых и хронических заболеваний с развитием тромботических либо геморрагических осложнений. Цель исследования: оценить состояние системы гемостаза у крыс с разным уровнем двигательной активности после острой психогенной травмы в виде витального стресса. Материалы и методы. Исследования выполнены на 44 лабораторных половозрелых крысахсамцах линии Wistar, которые составили 2 экспериментальные группы с низкой (n 15) и высокой (n 15) двигательной активностью и контрольную группу интактных животных (n 14). Спонтанную двигательную активность оценивали с помощью теста открытое поле . В качестве острого психотравмирующего воздействия использовали модель психической травмы у крыс в виде витального стресса, вызванного переживанием гибели партнера от действий хищника. Результаты. Острое психотравмирующее воздействие у животных с низкой двигательной активностью вызывало угнетение агрегации тромбоцитов. В группе животных с высокой двигательной активностью была выявлена гиперкоагуляция по внешнему пути активации плазменного гемостаза, а также на конечных этапах коагуляции. В обеих экспериментальных группах наблюдали укорочение времени полимеризации фибринмономера, снижение уровня фибриногена, а также активности антитромбина III на фоне активации фибринолиза. Заключение. Изменения состояния системы гемостаза у крыс с разным уровнем двигательной активности после острого психоэмоционального стресса имели одинаковую направленность, но различную степень выраженности ответной реакции. Полученные результаты позволяют охарактеризовать однократное психоэмоциональное воздействие как не выходящее за рамки эустресса (по данным коагулограммы). Introduction. Psychoemotional stress associated with the risk to life and health (vital stress) causes a complex total body response. Hemostasis supports fluid characteristics of circulating blood and plays a significant role in the formation of adaptation or disadaptation processes. Imbalance in the processes of coagulation and anticoagulation with microcirculation changes are the basis of pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases with the development of thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications. Aim: to assess hemostasis state in rats with different levels of motor activity after acute psychogenic trauma (vital stress). Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 44 laboratory matured Wistar male rats that were divided into 2 experimental groups with low (n 15) and high (n 15) motor activity and a control group of intact animals (n 14). Spontaneous motor activity was assessed using the open field test. A model of mental trauma was used for the formation of acute psychotraumatic effect in rats in the form of vital stress caused by the experience of partner death from a predator. Results. Acute psychotraumatic effect in animals with low motor activity caused inhibition of platelet aggregation. In animals with high motor activity, hypercoagulation was revealed in the external pathway of plasma hemostasis activation, as well as at the final stages of coagulation. Shortening of fibrin monomer polymerization time, decreasing of fibrinogen level and antithrombin III activity with fibrinolysis activation were observed in both experimental groups. Conclusion. After acute psychoemotional stress hemostasis changes in rats with different levels of motor activity had the same direction, but different intensity of response. The obtained results allow to characterize a single psychoemotional effect as not exceeding the limits of eustress (according to the coagulogram data).

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Stress Hormone System and Epigenetics in Depression

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S19-S19

Author(s):

V. O’Keane ◽

C. Farrell ◽

K. Doolin ◽

J. Chai ◽

N. O’leary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hpa Axis ◽

Target Genes ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Early Life Adversity ◽

Generational Transmission ◽

T Cell Receptor Gene ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Hormone System

BackgroundExposure to early life adversity (ELA) has been identified as a major risk factor in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). It is hypothesized that a mediating mechanism may be environmentally induced alterations in gene function. In our REDEEM (Research in depression: endocrinology, epigenetics and neuroimaging) project we are examining possible epigenetic difference in some previously investigated target genes relevant to depression. To this end, methylation of the following genes were measured: NR3C1 (HPA axis), SLC6A4 (serotonin neurotransmitter function), and CD3ɛ (T cell receptor gene). We also looked at possible trans-generational transmission of epigenetic markers in a mother-baby sample.MethodsDNA was isolated from depressed patients and controls and babies and a portion of the above genes, encompassing our regions of interest, were amplified by PCR. Percentage methylation levels were measured by pyrosequencing. mRNA was also measured for some gene products to see if function was related to methylation. HPA axis function was measured with serial saliva samples throughout the day.Resultsto date: Methylation was increased in the CD3ɛ promoter in depressed subjects relative to controls. In the total group, those exposed to ELA had significantly increased methylation at this site. Levels of CD3ɛ mRNA levels were inversely related to methylation. There were some relationships between maternal ELA and baby methylation at the sites examined.ConclusionsConsistent with an allostatic model of ELA damage, our findings suggest an alteration in epigenetic function in acquired immunity and the HPA axis, mediated by ELA. Findings will be discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Fastest on the Playground: Four Generations of Female Sport Experience

The Qualitative Report ◽

10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4822 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Kirby

Keyword(s):

Sport Psychology ◽

Life Experiences ◽

Family Research ◽

Sport Sociology ◽

Generational Transmission ◽

Poetic Transcription ◽

Sport And Exercise

The life sport experiences of four generations of females were explored through narrative family research and presented through research poetry. Their stories powerfully represent the transformation of sport and exercise culture across seven decades of overlapping life experiences and demonstrate the generational transmission of value for, expectation of, and experiences with sport. A poem representing each girl/woman’s story was crafted by the author, through the process of poetic transcription, and is presented alongside a photo illustrating each individual’s experiences. The generational experiences and implications of the findings are discussed within the broader sport psychology and sport sociology literature.

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Dodawanie otuchy jako forma wzmocnienia ludzkości nie tylko w czasie pandemii. Międzygeneracyjna transmisja przesłania Wincentego Kadłubka

Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna ◽

10.4467/24504564pmp.21.013.13943 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 247-262

Author(s):

Alicja Żywczok

Keyword(s):

Social Skill ◽

Good Life ◽

Research Subject ◽

Related Research ◽

15Th Century ◽

Generational Transmission ◽

Research Problems ◽

Literary Output

Offering Reassurance as a Form of Strengthening Humanity Not Only during a Pandemic. The Inter-Generational Transmission of Wincenty Kadłubek’s Message Master Wincenty (ca. 1150–1223), who has been known as Kadłubek since the 15th century, was an unquestionable ally of mankind and especially of Poles. In his work entitled Magistrii Vincentii Chronicon Polonorum he encouraged his readers not to neglect reassurance and to seek it wherever possible. He also advised people to try to enjoy offering reassurance to others and to lead a good life connected with faith in God, which in his belief constitutes the most reliable “safeguard of your happiness”. This article aims to provide answers to several questions (and at the same time to solve a number of related research problems), How does Wincenty perceive reassurance and what significance does he attribute to offering it to other people? What advice does he give on not losing but gaining reassurance and on offering reassurance to others? What factors in his belief constitute stumbling blocks in the process of drawing reassurance for oneself and how to protect oneself against them (i.e., how to prevent their occurrence and how to overcome them)? The use of hermeneutic methods in studying the problems of providing reassurance as a social skill, an element that is very conspicuous in Master Wincenty’s literary output, seems well justified, considering the cognitive and noetic significance of the research subject.

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