Guidelines and Standards: Assuring the Quality of Evaluation and Audit Practice by Instruction

2018 ◽  
pp. 145-169
Author(s):  
M. L. Bemelmans-Videc
Keyword(s):  
Guidelines And Standards

Clinical authorization: what is best for the patient?

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
C. W. le Roux ◽  
S. R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

In this issue, Prinsloo and Gray report the results of a 137-laboratory audit on clinical authorization using the guidelines and standards from the Royal College of Pathologists. Only 33% of laboratories were found to be compliant with the standards, although many showed evidence of good practice. Clinical authorization is resource-hungry and the question raised by this study is whether adhering to the letter of the standards set by the Royal College of Pathologists is actually in the best interest of the patient and provides overall value for money, when the latter is key to optimizing the quality of service.

scholarly journals The Research of Environmental Accessibility in Riga Churches

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Kristiana Romanovska-Grinberga ◽  
Andra Ulme
Keyword(s):  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Guidelines And Standards ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Christian Denomination

The topic of the research is the environmental accessibility of churches in Riga. It is equally important both in Latvia and worldwide. Environmental accessibility is generally perceived as removing obstacles for people with special needs. According to the universal design and its principles public spaces should provide equal accessibility for every member of society. The Laws and Constitution of Latvia provides equal rights for all citizens. Environmental accessibility problems most commonly occur in cultural monuments, which include some of the churches. In modern world Christianity is a tradition, words and rituals of God, as well as social assistance. This is the reason why it is crucial for it to be comprehensive, so that everyone could use provided services independently and be equally involved in the church’s activities. This research analyses problems that occur in existent urban environment and examines 86 churches located in Riga. Observation and digital analysis methods are used in order to acquire measurements. Results are provided using graphical method. The subjects of the study are Christian denomination churches, that have been mentioned in Article 51 of the Latvian Civil Law, it includes Evangelical Lutherans, Roman Catholics, Orthodox Believers, Old Believers, Methodists, Seventh-day Adventists and Moses Believers (Judaism). Taking into consideration statistics and modern situation the study also includes some of the most widespread and active Christian denominations: Baptists, Pentecostals, Mormons, New Generations, Anglicans, New Apostles and Christians of the Evangelical Faith. The purpose of the research is to provide an overview of the current situation, as well as determine problems in environmental accessibility and guideline integration into sacred buildings. Research also aims to provide possible solutions for improving the quality of life of people with functional limitations. The study reflects on the significant shortcoming of churches located in Riga in meeting the guidelines and standards of public buildings. New buildings are more often to meet accessibility requirements and regulations, however, chosen solutions often lack practicality or do not provide easy usage.

Lifetime Assessment of Flexible Pipes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorgen Thomas Wold Eide ◽  
Jan Muren
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Flexible Riser ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Flexible Pipes ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

This paper presents a methodology for performing a lifetime assessment of flexible pipes applicable to re-qualification during the original design life and at life extension. A systematic approach is developed, providing flexible riser and flowline engineers a standardized methodology for determining the current integrity- and risk level. The objective is to provide methodology that is easy to implement, thus enabling consistent assessments of all flexible pipes in the operator’s portfolio. The methods described are taken from work performed in a recent JIP run jointly by MARINTEK/NTNU and 4Subsea, and is based on substantial experiences with lifetime assessment combined with a review of relevant guidelines and standards. Key areas are suggested for industry improvement and recommendations to further developments, to increase both efficiency and quality of the lifetime assessment process.

scholarly journals What makes a “successful” or “unsuccessful” discharge letter? Hospital clinician and General Practitioner assessments of the quality of discharge letters

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Weetman ◽  
Rachel Spencer ◽  
Jeremy Dale ◽  
Emma Scott ◽  
Stephanie Schnurr
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Care Transitions ◽  
Discharge Summary ◽  
Free Text ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Discharge Letter ◽  
Guidelines And Standards ◽  
Medication Changes ◽  
Discharge Summaries

Abstract Background Sharing information about hospital care with primary care in the form of a discharge summary is essential to patient safety. In the United Kingdom, although discharge summary targets on timeliness have been achieved, the quality of discharge summaries’ content remains variable. Methods Mixed methods study in West Midlands, England with three parts: 1. General Practitioners (GPs) sampling discharge summaries they assessed to be “successful” or “unsuccessful” exemplars, 2. GPs commenting on the reasons for their letter assessment, and 3. surveying the hospital clinicians who wrote the sampled letters for their views. Letters were examined using content analysis; we coded 15 features (e.g. “diagnosis”, “GP plan”) based on relevant guidelines and standards. Free text comments were analysed using corpus linguistics, and survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Fifty-three GPs participated in selecting discharge letters; 46 clinicians responded to the hospital survey. There were statistically significant differences between “successful” and “unsuccessful” inpatient letters (n = 375) in relation to inclusion of the following elements: reason for admission (99.1% vs 86.5%); diagnosis (97.4% vs 74.5%), medication changes (61.5% vs 48.9%); reasons for medication changes (32.1% vs 18.4%); hospital plan/actions (70.5% vs 50.4%); GP plan (69.7% vs 53.2%); information to patient (38.5% vs 24.8%); tests/procedures performed (97.0% vs 74.5%), and test/examination results (96.2% vs 77.3%). Unexplained acronyms and jargon were identified in the majority of the sample (≥70% of letters). Analysis of GP comments highlighted that the overall clarity of discharge letters is important for effective and safe care transitions and that they should be relevant, concise, and comprehensible. Hospital clinicians identified several barriers to producing “successful” letters, including: juniors writing letters, time limitations, writing letters retrospectively from patient notes, and template restrictions. Conclusions The failure to uniformly implement national discharge letter guidance into practice is continuing to contribute to unsuccessful communication between hospital and general practice. While the study highlighted barriers to producing high quality discharge summaries which may be addressed through training and organisational initiatives, it also indicates a need for ongoing audit to ensure the quality of letters and so reduce patient risk at the point of hospital discharge.

Atrazine: its occurrence and treatment in water

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (NA) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lazorko-Connon ◽  
G. Achari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compound ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

A comprehensive review of atrazine including its use, properties, environmental fate, toxicological effects, occurrence in water, a summary of criteria for drinking water and the efficiency of various water treatment options for its removal was conducted. Atrazine is ubiquitous in surface water, groundwater, and precipitation, due to its widespread use for the control of broadleaf and grassy weeds mainly in corn crops. Atrazine is considered a priority substance by the USEPA, Agriculture Canada, and the European Commission. It causes developmental deformities and impacts behavior in frogs and fish. Atrazine has been implicated as a possible endocrine disrupting compound and has been associated with various cancers in humans such as stomach, prostate, breast, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Guidelines and standards governing maximum acceptable concentrations in fresh and marine waters are scarce and those for drinking water vary significantly between agencies. The effectiveness of tertiary water treatment technologies for the removal of atrazine demonstrates varying efficiencies. Variations in the quality of source water and the presence of natural organic matter present significant challenges for its removal.

scholarly journals Green infrastructure planning for cooling urban communities: Overview of the contemporary approaches with special reference to Serbian experiences

Spatium ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Maric ◽  
Tijana Crncevic ◽  
Jasminka Cvejic
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

This paper investigates contemporary approaches defined by the policies, programs or standards that favor green infrastructure in urban planning for cooling urban environments with special reference to Serbian experiences. The research results reveal an increasing emphasis on the multifunctionality of green infrastructure as well the determination to the development of policies, guidelines and standards with the support of the overall community. Further, special importance is given to policies that promote ?cool communities? strategies resulting in the increase of vegetation-covered areas, what has contributed in adapting urban environments to the impacts of climate change. In addition, this research indicates the important role of local authorities and planners in Serbia in promoting planning policies and programs that take into consideration the role of green infrastructure in terms of improving climatic conditions, quality of life and reducing energy needed for cooling and heating.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

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