The impact of COVID-19 on trade relations between Russia and Spain: contributions from the Iberian country

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-27
Author(s):  
A. Vallina Rodríguez ◽  
C. Camarero Bullon ◽  
T. Moreno Bueno
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Political Foundations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

It is undeniable to note that the  ties  between  countries, especially cultural,  historical,  economic   and   geopolitical,  are   rooted    in the  political foundations that have been laid  between nations and countries throughout the  process of  shaping what today is known as  international  relations,  a  discipline that  has  become  one  of the  most relevant for understanding the  contemporary world. Starting from  the  premise that human groups,  and hence the  forms  of their organization,  permanently  establish  social  links  and  interactions that constitute the   dynamic substrate  of  all  societies, it would  be appropriate to analyze how  they materialize in a specific bilateral sphere, for which a key aspect of mutual economic interests between the Russian Federation and Spain has been chosen. From an economic perspective and through the  analysis of statistics on foreign trade of goods, foreign investment and trade barriers, this research will address the  evolution of trade relations  over  the  last five  years, focusing on the  international trade situation that has occurred since the  global COVID-19 pandemic and created a multiplicity  of opportunities and challenges for trade and investment between the  two states in health sector.

scholarly journals Uma visão geral da política externa chinesa contemporânea: estratégias, atores e instrumentos

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-329
Author(s):  
Renan Holanda Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Administrative Division ◽  
The Subject

Nos últimos anos, houve uma proliferação de livros e artigos sobre aspectos diversos da atuação internacional da China, como relações comerciais, investimentos, participação em novos fóruns multilaterais, questões de defesa, etc. Por outro lado, existe uma relativa ausência de textos introdutórios resumidos sobre a política externa do país, principalmente em língua portuguesa. O presente trabalho busca preencher essa lacuna por meio de uma análise de três aspectos centrais para se compreender a China na contemporaneidade sob lentes macro: 1) a existência de uma grande estratégia; 2) o desenho administrativo interno e os principais atores de política externa; e 3) os instrumentos à disposição para se perseguir os objetivos internacionais do país. Estudantes de graduação de Relações Internacionais – e de Ciências Sociais em geral – em estágio inicial de contato com temas sobre a China são o público-alvo, além de outros possíveis interessados no assunto.     Abstract: Over the last years there has been a proliferation of books and articles on various aspects of China's international performance, such as trade relations, investment, participation in new multilateral arenas, defense issues, etc. On the other hand, there is a relative lack of summary introductory texts on the country's foreign policy, mainly in Portuguese. This paper seeks to fill this gap by analyzing three central aspects to understand China in the contemporary world under macro lens: 1) the existence of a great strategy; 2) the internal administrative division and the main foreign policy actors; and 3) the instruments available to pursue the country's international objectives. International Relations undergraduate students – and those of Social Sciences in general – in the initial stage of contact with topics related to China are the target audience, in addition to other people interested in the subject. Keywords: China. State and Government. Foreign Policy. International Relations.     Recebido em: maio/2019. Aprovado em: agosto/2019.  

Conditions of the Russian Federation’s Strategic Culture and Its Impact on Russia’s Foreign Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (35) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Stanisław Zarobny ◽  
Agnieszka Sałek-Imińska
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Cultural Domination ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

Over the last thirty years, the importance and interest in cultural factors in international relations and in international security has increased. The links between culture and security, and in particular the impact of culture on security, are issues whose importance is growing and which are being increasingly studied. They are regarded as a multifaceted problem, as cultural differences have become the cause of conflicts and wars, and tendencies of cultural domination have led to the destruction of cultures and entire civilizations. It therefore seems interesting to reflect on the process of developing an independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to discuss the process of shaping the independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation and to address four basic research problems: the sources of Russian strategic culture; the indication which of them are primary and which are secondary ones; determining whether Russian strategic culture underwent evolution; and determining whether then Cold War influenced the shape of today’s strategic culture of the Russian Federation. To achieve the intended purpose of the article, critical analysis of literature is applied, which allowed to find answers to the research questions.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of tariff preferences on the foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
D. E. Barsegyan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the impact of tariff preferences on foreign trade between two countries. The analysed measures were: dynamics of the Russian Federation’s exports to the Republic of Serbia, dynamics of the Russian Federation’s imports from the Republic of Serbia, tariff preferences applied between countries. The article provides statistical data on the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia for 2010–2019 and their dependence on the application of tariff preferences, as well as indicators of trade between the EAEU and the EAEU member states with the Republic of Serbia for 2017–2019. The paper analyses the possible directions of Serbia’s participation in the EAEU and the European Union, assesses the benefits of creating a free trade zone between the EAEU and Serbia, as well as the costs of Serbia’s integration into the European Union. The importance of tariff preferences in the development of foreign trade relations between Russia and Serbia is shown.

scholarly journals The impact of the Sanctions and Counter Sanctions on the Russian and EU Member States Economies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Cebotari
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the consequences of the diplomatic conflict that began in 2014 between the European Union and the Russian Federation caused by the political and military crisis in Ukraine. In March 2014, the leaders of the European Union condemned the actions of Russia in Ukraine and imposed the first restrictive measures against Russian Federation. In turn, Russia took retaliatory measures materialised in an import ban on certain agricultural food products from the EU. The aim of this research is to identify and evaluate the impact of the sanctions and countersanctions on the economy of the Russian Federation and on bilateral trade between Russia and EU member states. This article will focus on the following main objectives: analyzing the evolution of trade relations between the two major powers in the period 2014-2019, determining the factors that may explain the decline in bilateral trade during the period mentioned above and the factors that may explain why some EU Member States have suffered higher losses than others. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were used. Official documents, academic articles and studies conducted by various prestigious think-tanks were analysed. Also, th

CHINA'S VIEWS ON THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE XXI CENTURY: THE CONCEPT OF A COMMUNITY OF SHARED DESTINY FOR HUMANITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
D. V. GORDIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
National Security ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the assessment of the impact of the possible consequences of the implementation of the Chinese concept of the Community of a Single Destiny of Humanity on the system of international relations in the XXI century and ensuring the national security of the People's Republic of China, the United States of America and the Russian Federation. An approach to the assessment of the above – mentioned influence and changes in the policy of the states of the strategic triangle Russia – China – USA is proposed, which allows identifying the policy priorities of these countries in different regions of the world. The results of the assessment can be used to justify recommendations to the military and political leadership of our country.

The Anarchical Society at 40

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
International Society ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Society Perspective ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

Hedley Bull’s The Anarchical Society was published in 1977. Though considered as one of the classics in International Relations, it does not address many world political issues that concern us deeply today—volatile great power relations after the end of the Cold War, the rise of terrorism, financial crises, climate change, the impact of the Internet, deep-rooted racial inequalities, violence against women. Moreover, through the evolution of International Relations as an academic pursuit, various limitations of the type of approach followed by Bull are coming to light. Against this background, eighteen contributors to this collection, with diverse intellectual orientations and academic specializations, have revisited Bull’s book forty years on to assess its limitations and resilience. A number of contributors point to certain fundamental problems stemming from Bull’s a historical conceptual theorizing. However, several others find arguments and insights developed or hidden in his text which are still relevant, in some cases, highly so, to understanding contemporary world politics while others explore ways of augmenting Bull’s intellectual repertoire. An intricate tapestry of ideas emerges from the criss-crossing contributions to the volume and, through this, it becomes clear that there is more to The Anarchical Society than the ‘international society’ perspective with which it is conventionally associated. The contemporary relevance of Bull’s work is clearest when we recognize the flexibility of his conceptual framework and, in particular, the often overlooked potential of his concept of the ‘world political system’ of which, Bull acknowledges, modern international society is only a part.

Social and political foundations of liability in the hospitality industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Иван Мишуров ◽  
Ivan Mishurov ◽  
Ольга Мишурова ◽  
Olga Mishurova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Political Foundations ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the social and political foundations of the study of social liability in the hospitality industry of the Russian Federation. It is well known that social liability has a profound, comprehensive, multi-channel effect on the functioning of not only society, but also the tourism activity. Should be understood that socially responsible activity in the hospitality industry should pursue not only economic goals, that is making a profit, but also take into account the human and social aspects of the impact of its activities on employees, consumers. It should make a positive contribution to the solution of social problems in its field, and also contribute to the development of social liability. Thus, social liability as a social phenomenon, its manifestation and realization in the hospitality industry is multifaceted and multidimensional, and should represent a system, integrity. Social and political foundations of social liability in terms of the Russian Federation are an element of this system, its operation conditions. Analysis of the Russian socio-political circumstances as objective foundations of social responsibility of Russian citizens in the hospitality industry allows us to give a generalized description of social life and highlight its main features. They include: spiritualized sovereign statehood of society, the centuries-old clan customs, the natural gravitation toward the help each other, a strong commitment to principles of social justice, ancient traditions to assemble general Council for making important decisions, primordial respect of our fellow citizens to the general opinion, shared decision-making, collective intelligence, the desire for all-people unity in the face of the formidable challenges. Thus, the socio-political characteristics of the people of the Russian Federation, taking them into account in the implementation of social liability in the hospitality industry are a necessary condition of its normal functioning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Sanctions Impact on Sanctioning Countries’ Trade with Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper was to present some results of the study of the impact of the sanctions, imposed on the Russian Federation in 2014 and consistently expanded and deepened, not on Russia, but on those who use these sanctions — the countries that imposed the sanctions (the sanctioners). External trade, that is one of the objects of the sanctions, was chosen as the subject of the study. The author’s task was to estimate the role of the Russian Federation in the external trade of the countries, which use the sanctions against Russia, before and after the sanctions, and to evaluate the harm caused to these countries by their sanctions and by Russia’s counter-sanctions. To solve these problems, the author proposed a mathematical tool for the damage quantitative assessment. The World Trade Organization statistics for 2012–2017 formed a database for the study, and economic-mathematical and statistical methods were taken as research instruments. One may summarize the results of the study as follows. First, Russia plays an insignificant role in foreign trade of most countries that imposed sanctions against the Russian Federation. However, the damage from the sanctions and counter-sanctions for some of them turns out to be quite significant. Second, the negative impact of the sanctions on their initiators in the sphere of external trade is the stronger, the more important for the sanctioning country its trade relations with the Russian Federation are. Third, the burden of the sanctions was less heavy for their main initiator — the united States of America, than for their less economically strong partners that imposed the sanctions. The author’s main conclusion is that eventually the economic interests of some of these countries win up over the political goals that go against these interests, and the volume of the foreign trade, that dropped down after the sanctions were imposed on Russia, tends to recover. Russia, shifting from the overseas markets to the domestic one and changing the geographical structure of its international trade, does continue to develop. To present the results of the study to the Russian readers, the version of the article in Russian is submitted to the journal “The World of New Economy”. Its title is “Anti-Russian Sanctions: Damage to the Countries that Declared them”. The version gives the results of the analysis of the impact of sanctions on technology trade and the content of the study of foreign trade in goods, detailed in this paper.

scholarly journals Russia's Economic Interests in the System of Foreign Trade Relations with China

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Development Prospects

Foreign trade relations between Russia and China are now evolving in fairly unusual difficult conditions. So, only over the past six years, many negative processes have been noted in the system of international commodity exchange that have influenced the dynamics of bilateral trade partners. The article analyzes the most relevant and important problems and trends that have manifested themselves in the foreign trade relations of the Russian Federation and China - two strategic partners - over the past six years (2013-2018). It reveals the main trends and development prospects in the positions of individual countries - members of the European Union in foreign trade with Russia. The article shows the dynamics in the main directions of Russia's foreign trade against the background of economic sanctions. It examines the dynamics of Russia's foreign trade with China, carries out an analysis of trade relations between Russia and China after the Ukrainian crisis. During the study, the article uses methods of comparative and statistical analysis.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

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