scholarly journals Coastal Ground Water Flow and Management: A State-of-the-Art Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Indiscriminate Disposal ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
Anthropogenic Intervention

Seawater intrusion has led to salinization of fresh groundwater reserves in coastal areas worldwide and has forced the closure of water supply wells. There is a paucity of well-documented studies that report on the reversal of SWI after the closure of a well field. Saline water from a storm surge can flow down storm-damaged submerged water supply wells and contaminate boreholes and surrounding aquifers. Water is an invaluable commodity in nature and can be a limiting resource to man and other living beings. Water quality is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic intervention where the former includes local climate, geology etc., and the latter covers the construction of dams and embankments, irrigation practices, indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents etc. Therefore, it is highly desirable to properly manage groundwater resources for drinking-water supply by controlling saltwater intrusion. A cost effective method Abstraction, Desalinization and Recharge was found to be efficient.

scholarly journals Advances in the Coastal and Submarine Groundwater Processes: Controls and Environmental Impact on the Thriassion Plain and Eleusis Gulf (Attica, Greece)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Demetrios Hermides ◽  
Panayota Makri ◽  
George Kontakiotis ◽  
Assimina Antonarakou
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Actual Mechanism ◽  
New Perspective

This study focuses on the hydrogeological conditions in the coastal (Thriassion plain) and submarine (Eleusis Gulf) environment of West Attica, Greece. Up to now, the predominant aspect for the Thriassion plain groundwater—hosted within the Neogene-Quaternary sediments—was its direct hydraulic contact with the seawater. Due to that, the coastal plain groundwater is strongly believed to be of brackish quality irrespective of the local hydrodynamic conditions. Our major goal is to evaluate the actual mechanism controlling the groundwater flow, the origin and distribution of saline water, and the existence of fresh groundwater in the submarine environment. We summarize the following: (1) groundwater of the Thriassion plain is partly discharged as an upwards leakage from deeper aquifers, (2) modern direct seawater intrusion is not possible in the Neogene-Quaternary sediments, and (3) fresh groundwater possibly exists below the sea floor of the Eleusis Gulf. The results may serve as hint of further research in groundwater resources below the Mediterranean Sea floor, and, consequently, a new perspective on water resource management could emerge.

scholarly journals Impacts of Sea Level Rise and Groundwater Extraction Scenarios on Fresh Groundwater Resources in the Nile Delta Governorates, Egypt

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marmar Mabrouk ◽  
Andreja Jonoski ◽  
Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink ◽  
Stefan Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
The Impact

As Egypt’s population increases, the demand for fresh groundwater extraction will intensify. Consequently, the groundwater quality will deteriorate, including an increase in salinization. On the other hand, salinization caused by saltwater intrusion in the coastal Nile Delta Aquifer (NDA) is also threatening the groundwater resources. The aim of this article is to assess the situation in 2010 (since this is when most data is sufficiently available) regarding the available fresh groundwater resources and to evaluate future salinization in the NDA using a 3D variable-density groundwater flow model coupled with salt transport that was developed with SEAWAT. This is achieved by examining six future scenarios that combine two driving forces: increased extraction and sea level rise (SLR). Given the prognosis of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), the scenarios are used to assess the impact of groundwater extraction versus SLR on the seawater intrusion in the Delta and evaluate their contributions to increased groundwater salinization. The results show that groundwater extraction has a greater impact on salinization of the NDA than SLR, while the two factors combined cause the largest reduction of available fresh groundwater resources. The significant findings of this research are the determination of the groundwater volumes of fresh water, brackish, light brackish and saline water in the NDA as a whole and in each governorate and the identification of the governorates that are most vulnerable to salinization. It is highly recommended that the results of this analysis are considered in future mitigation and/or adaptation plans.

Present state and future prospects for groundwater ecosystems

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan L. Danielopol ◽  
Christian Griebler ◽  
Amara Gunatilaka ◽  
Jos Notenboom
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Groundwater Ecosystems ◽  
Landscape Alteration ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

Ecological and socioeconomic aspects of subterranean hydrosystems have changed during the past 40–50 years. The major environmental pressures (mainly anthropogenic ones) impact the quantity and quality of groundwater resources and the state of subsurface ecosystems, and it is expected that the environmental pressures on groundwater will continue, at least until 2025, unless new environmental policies change this state of affairs. The world demographic increase and the general rise of water demand constitute one of the major environmental pressures on groundwater ecosystems especially in less developed countries in Africa, Asia and South America. Specific human activities leading to the depletion of groundwater reserves include agricultural practices, landscape alteration, urbanization demand for domestic and public drinking water, various industrial activities such as thermoelectric production and mining, and the rise of tourism in coastal areas. Climate change is contributing to the water crisis too, especially in areas with arid climate and/or in some humid monsoonal countries. The overload of aquifers with pollutants derived from agriculture (fertilizers and pesticides), from industry (release of hydrocarbon chemicals, especially spills), from waste and industrial waters, from domestic and industrial landfills, from the infiltration of pollutants from surface and from the intrusion of saline water affect groundwater quality. The dangerous increase in contaminated subsurface sites with chemicals and microbial pathogens brings with it health risks to humans. Changes of redox condition in groundwater zones, changes of biological diversity, vegetation changes with modification of agriculture practices and impacts at the biosphere scale, such as the increase in the concentration of nitrous oxides in the atmosphere, all impact groundwater ecosystems. Groundwater ecosystems must be better investigated and understood. Economic, social and ecological lines of thinking have to be combined in order to achieve meaningful policies for the sustainable development of groundwater reserves and for the protection of subsurface ecosystems. Practical measures and ideas for the development of policies up to the 2025 time-horizon should improve the sustainable usage of the world's groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Problems of Drinking and Domestic Water Supply in Mountainous Areas of the Chechen Republic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Zaurbekov ◽  
A A Shaipov ◽  
L I Ozdoyeva ◽  
R Z Janargaliev ◽  
A M Movlayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

The article presents the results of assessment works on drinking groundwater of alluvial sediments of the river valleys, perspective for water supply of mountainous regional centers of the Chechen Republic (Itum-Kale, Khimoi, Shatoi and Vedeno villages). The problem of providing quality water to more than 65,000 people living in four regions of the Chechen Republic mountainous areas is becoming more and more critical every year. According to the technical (geological) task, water demand for drinking and domestic water supply of the population is 4.0 thousand m3/day. The assessment of groundwater reserves for domestic and drinking purposes directly in the areas of the above-mentioned settlements was not made earlier, except for Itum-Kalinskoye, where in 2012–2013 HIDEK CJSC performed prospecting and assessment of the underground water reserves in the area of the projected riverbed water intake for the needs of the ”All-season ski resort Veduchi”. Based on the results of these works, the Khacharoiakhk field of fresh groundwater was explored in the alluvial deposits of the Khacharoiakhk River valley, which belong to the upper quaternary and modern quaternary system.

scholarly journals Offshore fresh groundwater in coastal unconsolidated sediment systems as a potential fresh water source in the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zamrsky ◽  
Gualbert Oude Essink ◽  
Edwin Sutanudjaja ◽  
Rens van Beek ◽  
Marc F P Bierkens
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

Abstract Coastal areas worldwide are often densely populated and host regional agricultural and industrial hubs. Strict water quality requirements for agricultural, industrial and domestic use are often not satisfied by surface waters in coastal areas and consequently lead to over-exploitation of local fresh groundwater resources. Additional pressure by both climate change and population growth further intensifies the upcoming water stress and raise the urgency to search for new fresh water sources. In recent years, offshore fresh groundwater reserves have been identified as such a potential water source. In this study, we quantify, for the first time, the global volume of offshore fresh groundwater in unconsolidated coastal aquifers and show that it is a viable option as additional fresh water source in coastal areas. Our results confirm previously reported widespread presence of offshore fresh groundwater along the global coastline. Furthermore, we find that these reserves are likely non-renewable as they were deposited during glacial periods when sea levels were substantially lower compared to current sea level. We estimate the total offshore fresh groundwater volume in unconsolidated coastal aquifers to be approximately 1.06 ± 0.2 million km³, which is roughly three times more than estimated previously and about 10% of all terrestrial fresh groundwater. With extensive active and inactive offshore oil pumping present in areas of large offshore fresh groundwater reserves, they could be considered for temporary fresh groundwater exploration as part of a transition to sustainable water use in coastal areas on the long run.

scholarly journals Water Supply of the Population of Ukraine: Level, Problems and Directions of its Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Viktoria Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

The article examines the level of water supply of the population of Ukraine in terms of administrative regions, considers the existing problems, and identifies ways to solve them. Regional differences in the annual water supply of the population of Ukraine per capita in terms of local and transit runoff, forecast resources and operational groundwater reserves, the size of their intake, including daily, and indicators of total water supply in the average water and low water (95 %) years. A comparison with the water supply indicators of other European countries is made. According to the indicated sources of water supply, groups of regions in which the state of water supply is critical have been identified. It is recognized as necessary when developing programs to improve water use, first of all to pay attention to areas that have not only lower indicators of total water supply, but also lower levels of operational reserves and projected groundwater resources, which should be used to meet drinking and sanitation. hygienic needs. The structure of fresh water use and pollution of water discharged together with wastewater are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of the level of development, the dynamics of groundwater production, the structure of their use, the nature and causes of pollution. The ecological consequences and main problems caused by the natural shortage of water resources and significant regional differences in their provision, pollution of surface and groundwater and violations of the norms of their use are outlined. It is proposed, taking into account the unfavorable state of water supply in Ukraine as a whole and critical in some regions, to pay attention to the need for gradual introduction of economic methods of influence, through differentiation of prices for water supply of different quality, to water consumers and other economic entities. exploitation of water bodies, collection, preparation, transportation of water resources, which would stimulate the preservation and restoration of this valuable and unalternative natural product. JEL classіfіcatіon: Q25

Density-dependent 3D FE modelling of a recharge drain to mitigate saltwater contamination at the Venice farmland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Travaglino ◽  
Pietro Teatini
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Fe Modelling ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Density Dependent

<p>Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers is one of the most challenging and worldwide environmental problems, severely affected by human activities and climate change. It represents a threat to the quality and sustainability of fresh groundwater resources in coastal aquifers. Saline water is the most common pollutant in fresh groundwater which can also compromise the agriculture and the economy of the affected regions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop engineering solutions to restore groundwater quality or at least to prevent further degradation of its quality.</p><p>For this purpose, the goal of the Interreg Italy – Croatia MoST (MOnitoring Sea-water intrusion in coastal aquifers and Testing pilot projects for its mitigation) project is to test possible solutions (such as underground barriers, cut-off walls, recharge wells and recharge drains) against saltwater intrusion properly supported by field characterization, laboratory experiments, monitoring of hydrological parameters, and numerical models.</p><p>This works shows the preliminary results of an ongoing modelling study carried out for a coastal farmland at Ca’ Pasqua, in the southern part of the Venice lagoon, in Italy. A three-dimensional finite-element density-dependent groundwater flow and transport model is developed to simulate the dynamics of saltwater intrusion in this lowlying area. The model is used to assess the potential effects of a recharge drain recently established at 1.5 m depth along a sandy paleochannel crossing the organic-silty area. The goal of the intervention is to mitigate the soil and groundwater salinization by spreading freshwater supplied by a nearby canal. The beneficial consequences of the recharge drain should be enhanced by the higher permeability of the paleochannel.</p>

scholarly journals Management of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers: A Review

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Hussain ◽  
Hany F. Abd-Elhamid ◽  
Akbar A. Javadi ◽  
Mohsen M. Sherif
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
And Control

Seawater intrusion (SWI) is one of the most challenging and widespread environmental problems that threaten the quality and sustainability of fresh groundwater resources in coastal aquifers. The excessive pumping of groundwater, associated with the lack of natural recharge, has exacerbated the SWI problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, appropriate management strategies should be implemented in coastal aquifers to control the impacts of SWI problems, considering acceptable limits of economic and environmental costs. The management of coastal aquifers involves the identification of an acceptable ultimate landward extent of the saline water body and the calculation of the amount of seaward discharge of freshwater that is necessary to keep the saline–freshwater interface in a seacoast position. This paper presents a comprehensive review of available hydraulic and physical management strategies that can be used to reduce and control SWI in coastal aquifers. Advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Modeling Seawater Intrusion to Coastal Aquifers in South Coast of Laizhou Bay, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Yawen Chang ◽  
Bill X. Hu ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Laizhou Bay ◽  
Precipitation Condition ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Depression Cone ◽  
Error Method

In this study, a two-dimensional SEAWAT 2000 model is developed to simulate the seawater intrusion to coastal aquifers and brine water/fresh water interaction in the south of Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, China and forecast the seawater intrusion and brine water/freshwater interface development in the coming years. The model profile is perpendicular to the coastal line, about 40 km long and 110 m in depth, and consists of two interfaces, freshwater-saline water interface and brine water-saline water-seawater interface. The parameters of aquifers in the SEAWAT-2000 model are calibrated by trial-error method repeatedly to fit the head and salinity measurements. Based on the historical groundwater and brine water exploration and natural precipitation condition, the prediction results indicate that equivalent freshwater head in shallow freshwater-saline water area will decrease year by year and decline 2.0 m in the forecasting period, caused by groundwater over-pumping for irrigating farmlands. The groundwater head in the brine-saline water area will also decrease about 1.8 m in forecasting period. A larger depression cone appears in the brine area, with smaller funnels in other areas. The salinity in the brine area finally drops below 105g/l. In the meanwhile, the salinity increases in other areas, damage fresh groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Estimating the thickness of unconsolidated coastal aquifers along the global coastline

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zamrsky ◽  
Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink ◽  
Marc F. P. Bierkens
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Groundwater Flow Modelling ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

Abstract. Knowledge of the thickness of aquifers is crucial for setting up numerical groundwater flow models in support of the management and control of groundwater resources. Fresh groundwater reserves in coastal aquifers are particularly under threat of salinization and depletion as a result of climate change, sea-level rise, and excessive groundwater withdrawal under urbanization. To correctly assess the possible impacts of these pressures we must have better information about subsurface conditions in coastal zones. Here, we propose a method that combines available global datasets to estimate, along the global coastline, the thickness of aquifers formed by unconsolidated sediments. To validate our final estimation results, we collected both borehole and literature data. Additionally, we performed a numerical modelling study of the effects of varying aquifer thickness and geological complexity on simulated saltwater intrusion. The results show that our aquifer thickness estimates can indeed be used for regional scale groundwater flow modelling but that for local assessments additional geological information should be included. The final dataset can be downloaded via https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.880771.

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