Design of an Irrigation System using a Motor Pump for Desert Areas in Department of Piura - Perú

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Alberto Chuica Patiño ◽  
◽  
Brian Meneses Claudio ◽  
Alexi Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Desert Area ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
The World ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
The City

Abstract— Currently the world suffers from water scarcity, being one of the most frequent problems that agriculture suffers, there is still no uniformity regarding the extent of the planet covered by these dry lands, varying the calculations from close to 50% to 25% of the earth's surface. Africa and Asia being the continents that had the largest extensions of drylands. Therefore, this research work has as objective the Design of an Irrigation System using a Motor Pump for Desert Areas in Department of Piura - Perú and thus contribute to the agriculture of our country, as well as main points we will focus on the towns far from the city which will use automatic irrigation means through a natural reserve water supply which would have to be stored and through a drip system it will be possible to irrigate and optimize the water in order to give it a better use. Resulting in a water reservoir that once filled to 100% will begin to pump water through a motor pump and through pipes it will be transferred to another reserve reservoir to irrigate a desert area through a drip system so the reservoir plays an important role which will have available water without depleting given greater access to irrigate the land. Keywords— Agriculture; deserted zones; automatic watering; Drip system; Motor pump

scholarly journals DESIGN OF FULLY AUTOMATIC HYBRID SOLAR BASED WATER IRRIGATION, CROPS PROTECTION, AND WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Parviz
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Control And Management

Since water scarcity is an emerging problem in Pakistan; Water Resources Preservation is a matter of substantial importance. When excess water is used for agricultural purposes, it may damage the crops. Manual control and management of water for agricultural purposes take a lot of effort and time. This research work is an effort to propose and implement a fully automated solar irrigation system that may solve the problem of excessive usage of water for agricultural purposes. This proposed system, after sensing various indicators such as wind, temperature, soil, and rain, turns the water motor on and off accordingly and thus ensures calculated and wise usage of water. Moreover, our proposed system has a covering mechanism that covers the model during the rain and when needed.

Belji of Dhulikhel

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Colopy
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Taxi Driver ◽  
Urban Riots ◽  
The World ◽  
May Day ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

I first heard of Bel Prasad Shrestha five years before I met him. An article in the Nepali Times lauded his efforts to establish a water system in the town of Dhulikhel while he was its mayor. I clipped it and set it aside. Fifteen miles from Kathmandu was a municipal utility that put Kathmandu’s to shame. I wanted to know more. Perhaps I saved Bel Prasad for last, expecting the visit to Dhulikhel to be a pleasant excursion—a hopeful encounter that would show me that the break down of urban management I saw every day in Kathmandu was not an inevitable part of development in Nepal. After all those discouraging discussions about Melamchi and about Kathmandu sewage and water supply problems, perhaps I was going to meet a Newar who had a gift for water like his ancient forebears. I went to Dhulikhel the day before May Day, 2010, when Nepal’s Maoists were planning to outdo their usual May Day celebrations with protests all over the city. They were massing their cadres in Kathmandu, ostensibly to pressure the prime minister of another party to resign. On a Friday morning I set out with my friend Ram, a Kathmandu taxi driver who was always available when I needed to venture out on a longer excursion. The shocks on his little white Maruti Suzuki were shot, as they were on most taxis in Kathmandu, but Ram was a good driver who knew all the roads and backroads. Aside from worries about being able to return to the city in the face of demonstrations and roadblocks—or perhaps the complete countrywide shutdown that the Maoists were threatening—Dhulikhel was a green and quiet escape, a fine place to wait out urban riots if any were to materialize. And I found a charming host in Bel Prasad, a unique and now elderly gentleman who had straddled the wide gulf between the rural Nepal of his childhood and the world he had seen in visits to Europe, America, and Japan.

A Decision Tool for the Water-Energy Nexus in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Danielson ◽  
Love Ekenberg ◽  
Nadejda Komendantova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
The World ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Stakeholder Preferences ◽  
Water Scarce

Jordan is currently facing a serious problem of water scarcity. It is the fourth water-scarce country in the world. The sustainability of water supply in Jordan is affected not only by the depletion of water reserves but also by increasing electricity tariffs. In this paper, we present some results regarding the water-energy nexus governance in Jordan using a computer-supported co-creative approach for evaluating stakeholder preferences on criteria and possible scenarios of development for the sectors. We describe a decision support tool and a methodology for evaluating stakeholder preferences for both sectors and on possible scenarios of development for the water and energy sectors. We rank possible energy and water futures ranked under a set of sector-relevant criteria while considering entire ranges of possible alternative values and criteria weights. Using second-order probabilistic considerations, we furthermore analyse how plausible it is that a scenario outranks the others.

Saragossa, 50 examples of efficient water use in the city

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
V. Viñuales Edo ◽  
M. Fernández Soler
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Efficient Water Use ◽  
The City

The water saving project, Saragossa, water saving city. 50 Good Practices aims to resolve the problems of water scarcity with a different approach which is cheaper, more ecological and free from social conflicts: increasing the efficiency of its use. It seeks to provide a model to be imitated by the more than 9,000 Spanish towns which waste over 1,500 hm3 of water per year. In 1997 a collective challenge was put forward: to save 1 billion litres of water in one year. In fact 1,176 billion litres was saved, 5.6% of domestic consumption. 50 Good Practices in efficient water use are currently being worked on. As we have demonstrated in the project, technological change is produced via imitation. The Hospital Royo Villanova, with a consumption of 382 litres per bed per day, is one such example to imitate; this is one of the best ratios in the world. Today Saragossa has one of the lowest ratios of domestic consumption per inhabitant per day in Spain: 96 litres.

scholarly journals Domestic Water Adequacy of Surakarta, Indonesia: Is it Prone to Vulnerability?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramita Rahayu ◽  
Erma Fitria Rini ◽  
Soedwiwahjono
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Collaborative Capacity ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The City ◽  
Domestic Water Supply ◽  
Regional Water

One of the goals of sustainable development is to provide clean water to all. Rapidly growing cities have to deal with limited water resources. Providing safe water is one of the critical issues in the Global South. This article assesses the vulnerability of domestic water supply of Surakarta, a rapidly urbanized medium-sized city in Java. The vulnerability was assessed at the city scale and the household scale. The study recommends establishment of a regional water reservoir as a necessity through regional cooperation. Every stakeholder of cities and regions should be aware of the importance of water. Therefore, the development of collaborative capacity of local governments is one of the key determinants of dealing with the problem of domestic water supply.

scholarly journals Novel Framework for Analyzing Air Quality using MatLab

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6579-6583
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Personal Satisfaction ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Ecological Control ◽  
Grouping Strategy ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Nature of the air in city and urban regions is the most significant factor that legitimately impacts the frequency of infections and diminishes the personal satisfaction. Taking suitable choices in an opportune period relies upon the estimation and examination of the parameters of the ongoing air quality checking. On the other hand air contamination is ecological and a social issue. Air contamination is one of the biggest natural wellbeing dangers in the world today. The utilization of multi-parameter air quality observing frameworks makes it conceivable to do an itemized level investigation of real poisons and their sources. These air quality observing frameworks are significant segments in many shrewd city ventures for checking air quality and for controlling the primary poison fixations in urban zones. In this research work a methodology for practical estimation of air quality is proposed. This application has been tried in the city and the estimation was contrasted and the yield information of the neighborhood ecological control expert stations. The results of the performance analysis demonstrate that this methodology can be utilized as an affordable option in contrast to the expert evaluation frameworks. In this research work an investigation on the contamination by traffic framework utilizing dataset with grouping strategy through MatLab.

Исследование влияния изменения ионного состава воды на дзета-потенциал и окислительно-восстановительный потенциал

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kichigin ◽  
I. Egorova ◽  
N. Atanov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The City

Приведены результаты исследований питьевой воды системы централизованного водоснабжения г. Самары. При определении органолептических показателей качества воды было выявлено увеличение цветности исходных проб на 13 град в пределах погрешности метода измерения. Это может быть связано с высоким содержанием железа и его соединений или гуминовых веществ в пробах в дни проведения эксперимента, а также с высоким физическим износом водопроводных сетей (как уличных, так и внутри здания) и общим ростом цветности воды в Саратовском водохранилище в районе г. Самары за последние годы. Установлена зависимость -потенциала от величины окислительно-восстановительного потенциала и ионного состава воды. Определен физико-химический состав изучаемой воды, сделан анализ полученных результатов. В ходе исследований дополнительно определялись такие показатели, как pH, температура, мутность и щелочность для получения полной картины качества воды. Установлено соответствие всех изучаемых показателей воды нормам СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01 Питьевая вода. Гигиенические требования к качеству воды централизованных систем питьевого водоснабжения. Контроль качества . Приведены математические зависимости между -потенциалом, жесткостью, содержанием анионов и катионов в исследуемой воде с достоверностью аппроксимации R2 не ниже 0,83. Это позволяет рассчитать ионный состав и мутность питьевой воды г. Самары только по величине -потенциала или окислительно-восстановительного потенциала без проведения дорогостоящих трудоемких химических анализов. Предлагаемый метод рекомендуется использовать в качестве экспресс-анализа питьевой воды.The results of studies of drinking water in the public water supply system of the city of Samara are presented. While determining the organoleptic indicators of the water quality, an increase in color of the initial samples by 13 degrees within the procedural error was revealed. This may be due to the high concentration of iron and its compounds or humic substances in the samples on the days of the experiment, as well as to the high physical deterioration of the water distribution networks (both street networks and plumbing in the buildings), and the general increase in water color in the Saratov water reservoir in the city of Samara in recent years. The dependence of the -potential on the redox potential value and ion composition of water is established. The physicochemical composition of the studied water is determined, an analysis of the results is carried out. In the course of the research, such indicators as pH, temperature, turbidity and alkalinity were additionally determined to obtain an aggregate picture of the water quality. The compliance of all studied water indicators with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control was confirmed. Mathematical dependences between the -potential, hardness, and the concentration of anions and cations in the water under study are given with an approximation authenticity R2 higher than 0.83. This allows calculating the ion composition and turbidity of drinking water in Samara only by the value of the -potential or redox potential without expensive labor-intensive chemical analyzes. The proposed method is recommended to be used as an express analysis of drinking water.

scholarly journals Development of an automaton based on rigid logic to control the irrigation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (3) ◽  
pp. 032014
Author(s):  
S N Kostarev ◽  
T G Sereda ◽  
A V Novikov ◽  
Y A Kochinov ◽  
T V Kochinova
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Mealy Automaton ◽  
The City ◽  
Rigid Logic

Abstract Managing the distribution of water resources for the southern regions of Russia is of great importance in connection with limiting the consumption of fresh water. The use of saline water can lead to soil salinization and negatively affect crop production. The article deals with the problem of constructing a sequential automaton for controlling the system of switching networks when watering plants on the example of the sanatorium “Rus” in the city of Anapa, Krasnodar Territory. The Mediterranean zone, where the city of Anapa is located, is characterized by a low level of precipitation, which leads to the need for artificial irrigation of plants. The existing irrigation system using a water tank truck based on the GAZ-53 is physically outdated, which required the development of a modern automated system. The flower alleys, located on the territory of the sanatorium, were structured in a tree-like form. The construction of a control device based on rigid logic is based on the Mealy automaton. A method for constructing a control system for a tree-like water supply network has been developed, which makes it possible to control the main, distribution and supply branches. A block diagram of an irrigation machine has been developed, which has a tree-like branching, which shows control signals and states of transitions. Synthesized logical equations for the control of the water supply system, using a blocking control system with feedback. It is proposed to use the Omron programmable logic controller and CX-One software as software and hardware. The distribution of the address space of the controller is shown. Simulation modeling of the system operation was carried out, which showed the correct logic of control over the work of water pressure supply in water pipelines. Implementation of the developed system will improve the quality of irrigation of plants and minimize the cost of irrigation.

scholarly journals Human response to severe drought in Early Modern Catalonia. The case of Barcelona, Western Mediterranean (1620–1650)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Gorostiza ◽  
Maria Antònia Martí Escayol ◽  
Mariano Barriendos
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
City Government ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. Combining historical climatology and environmental history, this article examines the diverse range of strategies deployed by the city government of Barcelona to confront the recurrent drought episodes experienced between 1626 and 1650. First, our reconstruction of drought episodes for the period 1525–1821, based on pro pluvia rogations as documentary proxy data, identifies the years 1625–1635 and 1640–1650 as the most significative drought events of the period 1521–1825 (highest Drought Frequency Weighted Index of the series). Throughout the article, we focus on human responses to drought and discuss how water scarcity was perceived and confronted by Barcelona city authorities. We present the ambitious water supply projects launched by the city government, together with the construction of windmills as an alternative to watermills in order to mill grain, as attempts to cope with diminishing water flows. The context was aggravated by political instability, related first to the tensions between the centralising efforts of the Spanish King Philip IV and later to the impact of the Thirty Years’ War in the border region between the French and Spanish Crowns (1635–1659). Finally, we interpret the efforts of the city government to codify and appropriate knowledge about urban water supply as an attempt to systematise historical information on infrastructure to improve institutional capacities to cope with water scarcity in the future. These efforts materialised in the elaboration of the Llibre de les Fonts de la Ciutat de Barcelona (“Book of Fountains of the City of Barcelona”), a manual compiling the knowledge of Barcelona’s water supply from source to tap, written by the Barcelona water city officer in 1650, after three decades of experience in his post.

scholarly journals INADEQUATE SUPPLY OF WATER IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN DUE TO DEPLETING WATER RESERVOIRS AND REDUNDANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Saima Nasreen ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Present study aim is to reveal current situation of water availability for agricultural productivity through factors responsible for water depletion and improper use of irrigation water. The paper discuses major problems identify future scenario and suggests making policies implementation to increase agricultural productivity in Pakistan. In Pakistan, agricultural productivity decreases due to the facts that the available natural water resources get depleted due to pollution, silting in reservoirs, leaching, salinity etc leads to water scarcity. It’s a world known fact that Pakistan is an agricultural country; however, the irrigation traditional methods used here are a major reason to decrease the yield per drop. Moreover, certain considerations like barriers to technical adaptation, farming system practices for enhancing water productivity, integrated land and water management, water logging and reclaiming irrigated lands needs to be implemented to fulfill the sufficient water supply for agricultural lands. Protection of water sources, wastewater reuse, low-cost water supply and treatment systems, impacts of farming practices, climate change effects and efficiency of water transport and distribution systems are the key points needs to execute to overcome the water scarcity problem for agriculture sector. Water governance, technology transfer and knowledge sharing are mandatory for the sustainable agricultural development.

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