scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Moisture on Various Aspects of Development, Growth, and Pathogenicity of Thielaviopsis paradoxa from Sugarcane in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu ◽  
Amelia Cortés-Monllor
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range

It was found that the optimum temperature range for mycelial growth and spore germination of Thielaviopsis paradoxa lies between 28° and 32° C, with the maximum above 36° C. and the minimum below 12° C. Neither mycelial growth nor spore germination was obtained at 8° or at 40° C. Pathogenicity of T. paradoxa to sugarcane variety P.R. 1059 was favored by temperatures between 28° and 32° C. No infection of sugarcane by this fungus occurred at 8° or at 40° C. The highest rate of infection of sugarcane by T. paradoxa was obtained at the lowest soil moisture with a maximum temperature up to 32° C. It thus appears that low soil moisture has a profound effect on rate of infection during summer months in Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals U.S. Diurnal Temperature Range Variability and Regional Causal Mechanisms, 1901–2002

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 7216-7231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Lauritsen ◽  
Jeffrey C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Cover Soil

Abstract Long-term (1901–2002) diurnal temperature range (DTR) data are evaluated to examine their spatial and temporal variability across the United States; the early century origin of the DTR declines; and the relative regional contributions to DTR variability among cloud cover, precipitation, soil moisture, and atmosphere/ocean teleconnections. Rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time Series (TS) 2.1 dataset identifies five regions of unique spatial U.S. DTR variability. RPCA creates regional orthogonal indices of cloud cover, soil moisture, precipitation, and the teleconnections used subsequently in stepwise multiple linear regression to examine their regional impact on DTR, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin). The southwestern United States has the smallest DTR and cloud cover trends as both Tmax and Tmin increase over the century. The Tmin increases are the primary influence on DTR trend in other regions, except in the south-central United States, where downward Tmax trend largely affects its DTR decline. The Tmax and DTR tend to both exhibit simultaneous decadal variations during unusually wet and dry periods in response to cloud cover, soil moisture, and precipitation variability. The widely reported post-1950 DTR decline began regionally at various times ranging from around 1910 to the 1950s. Cloud cover alone accounts for up to 63.2% of regional annual DTR variability, with cloud cover trends driving DTR in northern states. Cloud cover, soil moisture, precipitation, and atmospheric/oceanic teleconnection indices account for up to 80.0% of regional variance over 1901–2002 (75.4% in detrended data), although the latter only account for small portions of this variability.

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE UPON PANCREATIC AMYLASE IN SELECTED REPTILES AND AN AMPHIBIAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Abrahamson ◽  
Michael Maher
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Pancreatic Amylase ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Subcellular Level ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The effect of temperature on pancreatic amylase was studied on three species of reptiles and one amphibian. Pancreata were removed from the animals, homogenized, and assayed for amylase activity by the Caraway procedure. Assays were conducted at various temperatures to determine the optimum temperature of activity and the maximum temperature for thermal stability of pancreatic amylase. It appears that between reptiles and amphibians, and also among species of reptiles, there are thermally dependent differences at the subcellular level which are similar to the differences in the preferred temperatures of the animals.

IN VITRO THERMAL REQUIREMENTS OF TWO ISOLATES OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE METCH.) SOROK. UNDER CONSTANT CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Cristina-Maria Lumînare ◽  
Daniel Nicolae Cojanu ◽  
Mihaela-Monica Dinu ◽  
Ana-Cristina Fătu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Thermal Requirements

"The effect of temperature on the mycelial growth of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) was evaluated in vitro on PDA growth medium, by measuring the diameter of the fungal colonies, at the following temperature values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C, over 14 days under constant conditions. The data obtained were used for the calculation of the growth rate (mm/day) using linear regression. The representation of the values corresponding to the minimum, optimal and maximum temperature of vegetative growth was made by a curve described by a mathematical function, a modified beta (ß) function. The lowest temperatures at which growth occurs are 7 and 10°C, the highest is 35.7°C; temperature at which the most growth occurs, as indicated by the measurements, was distributed over a range of temperatures from 22.9 to 31°C."

Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with Chinese hickory tree (Carya cathayensis) trunk cankers

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Zhuang ◽  
Q. W. Wang ◽  
Q. Q. Wu ◽  
Z. L. Qiu ◽  
B. C. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
New Information ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Carya Cathayensis ◽  
Botryosphaeriaceae Species

Tree trunk cankers (TRC) represent serious fungal diseases that pose significant threats to Chinese hickory trees (Carya cathayensis). To characterize the pathogen diversity associated with, diseased tissues were collected between 2016 and 2018 from the primary Chinese hickory plantation regions. A total of 97 cultures were isolated from trees in six towns (Longgang, Qingliangfeng, Changhua, Tuankou, Taiyang Town, and Lin’an urban area) within the Linan district, where 60% of Chinese hickory tree yields originate. The isolated cultures caused cankers on Chinese hickory tree branches, but infections did not occur on fruits or leaves under tested conditions. Combined morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of multiple genes (ITS, β-tublin, and EF) indicated that five Botryosphaeriaceae species were recovered, including 89 isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, four isolates of B. fabicerciana, one isolate of B. qingyuanensis, one isolate of B. corticis, and two isolates of Lasiodiplodia theobromae. B. dothidea was the most prevalent, and this is the first report of B. corticis, B. qingyuanensis, and L. theobromae infections in Chinese hickory trees. We investigated the mycelial growth, spore germination, and pathogenicity of these species at different temperatures. L. theobromae grew the fastest and B. cortices grew the slowest on PDA. The optimum temperature of spore germination for all species was 30°C. L. theobromae was the most virulent species, followed by B. dothidea and B. qingyuanensis, then B. fabicerciana, and finally B. cortices. These new insights into fungal pathogen diversity provide critical new information to understand and manage TRC of Chinese hickory.

Effect of temperature on growth and activity of a methanogenic culture utilising acetate

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 898-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature

Studies with a methanogenic culture enriched for use of acetic acid showed that this culture had an optimum growth temperature of 35 °C, with only small differences for other temperatures between 30 and 40 °C. The optimum temperature was the same when determined on the basis of biomass production rate during the exponential (log) phase of growth (0.08–0.09 day−1, at 35 °C), amount of biomass present at the end of the log phase (100 mg/ℓ), activity of the biomass (rate of conversion in millimoles per day per milligram (dry wt.) biomass present, 0.08 at end of log phase), or biomass yield (mg (dry wt.) biomass produced per millimole acetic acid converted, 1.0–1.1). Temperatures outside the range 30 to 40 °C caused marked reductions in the above parameters. The maximum temperature for growth was 42–44 °C; the minimum, below 15 °C, the lowest temperature studied. Acetic acid conversion to methane was 0.8–1.0 mol/mol, and was independent of temperature.

scholarly journals Variability of Pestalotia spp. with special reference to the effect of media, temperature and light on their growth, sporulation and spore germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ibrahim ◽  
M. M. Satour ◽  
E. M. Elakkad
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Host Tissues

Potalo dextrose and mango leaf extract agar media were found to be the most favourable for mycelial growth of <i>Pestalotia</i> spp. The optimum temperature for growth and sporulation was 25°C. Continuous light promoted mycelial growth and continuous darkness retarded it. The maximum percentage of germinated spores was obtained under intermittent daylight conditions. Germination of <i>Pestalotia</i> spores occurred at various stages of maturity. The percentage of germination decreased with the increase of the storage period in the host tissues, and after 12 months spores lost their viability completely. Mycelia in the same infected tissues, however, were found to be still alive and capable of producing new fructifications till 18 months. Morphological characters of the fungus, and mode of spore germination were also investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of Cachaza (Filter Press Cake) and Sodium Chloride on Infection of Sugarcane by Thielaviopsis paradoxa in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu ◽  
A. Rodríguez-Marcano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Optimum Filter

The optimum filter press cake extract mixture content for mycelial growth of the various isolates of Thielaviopsis paradoxa from sugarcane and pineapple was found to be 19 percent. Pathogenicity of T. paradoxa to sugarcane variety P.R. 980 was favored by high proportions of filter press cake. The rate of infection of sugarcane by this fungus increased with an increase of the percentage of filter press cake. The optimum concentration of sodium chloride for mycelial growth in a water agar medium was between 0.3 and 0.6 percent. The rate of infection of sugarcane seedpieces by T. paradoxa (dark strain) was lower with a higher sodium chloride content of the sand when inoculated at temperatures of 22° to 25° C.

scholarly journals Rice Blast in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-300
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Rice blast, which had not been observed during the last six decades in Puerto Rico, reappeared recently in Manatí and in the Gurabo Substation, affecting Brazos, a cultivar introduced from Texas. Pathogenicity tests, as well as studies on the conidial morphology, showed that the fungus isolated from typical blast lesions is Pyricularia oryzae Cav. The physiology of the fungus and its sporulation on various media also were studied. The optimum temperature range, both for mycelial growth and for germination of conidia, was found to be between 24 to 28° C. Sporulation occurred satisfactorily on potato-dextrose agar enriched with coconut milk, and on steamed corn and barley, and rice-straw-decoction agars. In vitro tests with fungicides benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene, mancozeb, chloroneb, and captan indicated that the first two compounds are the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of P. oryzae.

The effect of temperature on spore germination and growth of Mucor miehei in submerged culture

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 975-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Streets ◽  
M. B. Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Mucor Miehei ◽  
Germination And Growth

Mucor miehei was grown in submerged culture at 30, 37, 40, 42.5, 45, and 48 °C. Maximum growth yield occurred at 48 °C.The effect of temperature on spore germination was examined. No spores germinated within 8 h at temperatures below 36.7 °C or above 53.5 °C. The optimum temperature for spore germination was 45 °C.Growth occurred at the marginal temperatures of 20 °C and 25 °C only when the spores were pre-germinated at 37 °C

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document