scholarly journals Effect of Cachaza (Filter Press Cake) and Sodium Chloride on Infection of Sugarcane by Thielaviopsis paradoxa in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu ◽  
A. Rodríguez-Marcano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Optimum Filter

The optimum filter press cake extract mixture content for mycelial growth of the various isolates of Thielaviopsis paradoxa from sugarcane and pineapple was found to be 19 percent. Pathogenicity of T. paradoxa to sugarcane variety P.R. 980 was favored by high proportions of filter press cake. The rate of infection of sugarcane by this fungus increased with an increase of the percentage of filter press cake. The optimum concentration of sodium chloride for mycelial growth in a water agar medium was between 0.3 and 0.6 percent. The rate of infection of sugarcane seedpieces by T. paradoxa (dark strain) was lower with a higher sodium chloride content of the sand when inoculated at temperatures of 22° to 25° C.

Yields of Tomatoes As Influenced By Application of Filter-Press Cake and Starter Solutions

1969 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
H. Azzam ◽  
G. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Sandy Clay

An experiment using the Manalucie variety of tomato was established on a Vega Alta sandy clay soil at Río Piedras, P.R., with various combinations of filter-press cake, and starter solutions such as Folo-food, Growgreen, and 9-10-5, in addition to the regular commonly used fertilizer, 9-10-5. Filter-press cake increased the marketable yield by 6.76 tons. When filter-press cake was not applied the use of starter solutions failed to increase yields. A starter solution made from a 9-10-5 fertilizer was just as effective as the commercial starter solutions. The use of filter-press cake and/or starter solutions is recommended for tomato production in Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals The beneficial effect of filter-press cake on pineapple yields under field conditions

1969 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
E. Hernández-Medina ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
H. R. Cibes-Viadé
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Dark Green

Data from two field experiments located in typical pineapple growing areas in the northern and interior regions of Puerto Rico are reported here. Pineapple plants grown in soil to which filter-press cake was applied previous to planting developed vigorously and were of a dark-green color. Their leaves were wider and their stems and flower stalks thicker than those of pineapple plants given other treatments. At one location, Arecibo, pineapple plants grown in soil receiving at least 39 tons of filter-press cake to the acre, in addition to 1,500 pounds of a 12-6-10 fertilizer, produced yields as high and fruits as large as plants grown in soil receiving twice as much fertilizer but no filter-press cake. Omissions of nitrogen or filter-press cake resulted in reduced yields. The possibility of using filter-press cake more extensively in pineapple fields in the Arecibo and related areas, in conjunction with smaller doses of fertilizers than are generally used, deserve careful consideration from the growers. At the second location, Corozal, 3,000 pounds of fertilizer in addition to 32 tons of filter-press cake to the acre proved to be necessary for maximum yields. Omissions of both potash and nitrogen are detrimental to pineapple production.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF FILTER PRESS CAKE AS A FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE CROPS. PRELIMINARY TRIALS WITH TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Arturo Riollano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Complete Fertilizer

Filter press cake, a refuse from sugar mills in Puerto Rico can be used advantageously for fertilizing tomatoes and cucumbers grown in the soil type Coto Clay No. 20. When applied at the rate of 12 tons per acre plus 1,000 pounds of fertilizer 8-10-15 it caused a significant increase in yield of marketable tomatoes amounting to 20.5 per cent over the treatment where chemical fertilizer 8-10-15 had been applied alone at the rate of 1,000 pounds per acre. When 20 tons filter press cake were applied alone and with different complete and incomplete chemical fertilizers, also significant increases in yield of cucumbers were observed. The yield with 20 tons of filter press cake alone was equivalent to the yield obtained with a complete fertilizer having 200 pounds NH3, 200 pounds P2O5and 200 pounds K2O.  Results seem to indicate that the most profitable treatment would be probably 20 tons filter press cake plus 200 pounds NH3and 200 pound P2O5.

scholarly journals Practical Evaluation of Garbage Compost as a Fertilizer under Conditions in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
P. Landrau, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
Current Price ◽  
The Cost

Data are presented to show the relative economic inefficiency of garbage compost when compared with inorganic fertilizers and filter-press cake. The content of potash and phosphoric acid is higher in the garbage compost than in the filter-press cake, but the former is slightly lower in organic matter. They both have about the same nitrogen level. In a greenhouse experiment it was found that additions of garbage compost and filter-press cake increased sorghum yields in the absence of inorganic fertilizers. However, when nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash were applied at the rate of 100 pounds to the acre each the application of either compost or filter-press cake did not increase yields significantly. Under the conditions that prevail in Puerto Rico there is hardly any need for plants to process town wastes for fertilizer production. At current price levels, the cost of commercial garbage compost would be so high in relation to its fertilizer-element value, that it could not compete with commercial inorganic fertilizers. The product is so bulky that hauling and application costs would be too high under normal conditions. Furthermore, the organic-matter levels of Puerto Rican soils are not so low as to justify the use of such commercial composts. Under average farm conditions there are more practical means of raising soil organic-matter levels, if and when necessary.

scholarly journals Effect of Incorporating Organic Materials into A Clay Soil of Lajas Valley on the Yields of Food Crops

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
J. A. Bonnet ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
M. Rico-Ballester
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
High Level

Data have been presented here from a field experiment where bagasse, filter-press cake, and a commercial organic material were incorporated into a Santa Isabel clay soil under irrigation at the rates of 20 and 40 tons of dry material to the acre. The organic materials at the low level were hand-hoed into the topmost 6 inches of soil, while at the high level they were hoed to a 12-inch depth. Three crops: Corn, white beans, and sweetpotatoes, were grown consecutively in the sequence following the establishment of the treatment differentials. Bagasse, at both levels, depressed the yields of corn in a highly significant way. The use of filter-press cake at the rate of 40 tons to the acre outyielded bagasse at both rates, the commercial organic material at the high rate, and the check. No significant effects were measured on the bean and sweetpotato crops planted about 5 and 13 months, respectively, after establishing the treatment differentials. The growth of the latter was more uniform than that of corn. The results are discussed briefly along with other results obtained under different conditions in Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Moisture on Various Aspects of Development, Growth, and Pathogenicity of Thielaviopsis paradoxa from Sugarcane in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu ◽  
Amelia Cortés-Monllor
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range

It was found that the optimum temperature range for mycelial growth and spore germination of Thielaviopsis paradoxa lies between 28° and 32° C, with the maximum above 36° C. and the minimum below 12° C. Neither mycelial growth nor spore germination was obtained at 8° or at 40° C. Pathogenicity of T. paradoxa to sugarcane variety P.R. 1059 was favored by temperatures between 28° and 32° C. No infection of sugarcane by this fungus occurred at 8° or at 40° C. The highest rate of infection of sugarcane by T. paradoxa was obtained at the lowest soil moisture with a maximum temperature up to 32° C. It thus appears that low soil moisture has a profound effect on rate of infection during summer months in Puerto Rico.

Performance of Anthurium (A. andreanum Lind.) in Different Bedding Materials at Two Sites in Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Saulo J. Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos J. Torres ◽  
Ramón Bosque-Lugo ◽  
Nelson Semidey-Laracuente
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Bedding Materials

Several native materials were evaluated as bedding materials for the growth of Anthurium at two sites in Puerto Rico. The materials were compared to peat moss for the production of cut flowers. After more than 3 years of data statistically analyzed, the results showed that materials such as cane bagasse, coffee leaf mold, wood shavings, spent ground coffee, cured coffee pulp or coffee parchment, chicken manure, tree bark, and top soil + filter press cake were as effective as peat moss for production of Anthurium flowers.

TURBIDITY OF SUSPENSIONS AND MORPHOLOGY OF RED HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AS INFLUENCED BY SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Abram ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall

The optical densities of suspensions of cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum, H. halobium, or H. salinarium, grown in media containing 4.5 M sodium chloride, increase as the salt concentration of the suspending medium decreases, until a maximum is reached at about 2 M; below this concentration there is an abrupt decrease in optical density. The cells are rod shaped in 4.5 M salt and change, as the salt concentration decreases, through irregular transition forms to spheres; equal numbers of transition forms and spheres are present at the point of maximum turbidity, while spheres predominate at lower salt concentrations. Cells suspended in 3.0 M salt, although slightly swollen, are viable, but viability decreases rapidly with the more drastic changes in morphology at lower salt concentrations. Cells grown in the presence of iron are more resistant to morphological changes but follow the same sequence. Cells "fixed" with formaldehyde, at any point in the sequence, act as osmometers and do not rupture in distilled water although their volume increases 10–14 times. The results indicate that the red halophilic rods require a high sodium chloride content in their growth or suspending medium to maintain a rigid cell wall structure.

scholarly journals An overview of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in ready to eat meat, dairy and fishery foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Susana Rodrigues ◽  
Cláudia Valéria Gonçalves Cordeiro de Sá ◽  
Cristiano Barros de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Serious Disease

ABSTRACT: Listeria monocytogenes is a relevant foodborne pathogen in public health, responsible for outbreaks of listeriosis often associated to the consumption of ready to eat meat, dairy and fishery products. Listeriosis is a serious disease that can lead to death and mainly affect children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. In pregnant women causes abortion or neonatal listeriosis. In Brazil, ready to eat food are appreciated and increasingly consumed by the population. Furthermore, products such as sausages, bologna, hams and cheeses have characteristics such as pH, Aw and sodium chloride content that favor the development of L. monocytogenes during their shelf life. The purpose of this paper was to present an overview of L. monocytogenes contamination in different meat, dairy and fishery products that are ready for consumption and thereby support the adoption of strategies to mitigate this risk, contributing to achieve the appropriate level protection for the consumers and thus strengthen Brazil's food safety system.

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