Effects of Seeding Rates and Methods on the Establishment and Yield of Common Guinea Grass

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Jaime Vélez-Santiago ◽  
José A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
José E. Rodríguez-Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Good Stand ◽  
Forage Yields ◽  
Better Than

The effects of three seeding rates (3.36, 6.72, and 10.08 kg of clean seeds per ha) and two planting methods (row and broadcast), with and without seedbed firming, on the establishment and yield (green forage, dry forage, and crude protein), of common Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) were evaluated for 370 days in an Ultisol. Seeding rates influenced significantly the dry forage and crude protein yields of Guinea grass during the first 3 months of growth. The high rate (10.08 kg/ha) significantly increased dry forage yields by 22 and 49% over the medium (6.72 kg/ha) and low (3.36 kg/ha) seeding rates, respectively. The medium rate significantly increased dry forage and crude protein yields by 23 and 26% over the low seeding rate. Row planting was significantly better than broadcast planting only during the first 3 months of growth, increasing dry forage yields by 23% and crude protein yields by 17%. Seedbed firming after planting did not affect yields either during the first 3 months of growth or over the entire period of study (9 cuttings). During 370 days (9 cuttings) the high and medium seeding rates did not differ significantly with respect to yields; however, both outyielded significantly the low seeding rate. The highest yields were obtained with treatments that combined high seeding rate with row planting. The number of tufts varied among treatments from 4 to 6 per m2. Mean crude protein, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in the harvested forage were 11.21, .28, 3.13, .75 and .19%, respectively. It was concluded that, a good stand of Guinea grass can be obtained in 3 months when sown in August with 6.72 kgjha of processed seeds or 33.6 kg/ha of unprocessed seeds.

The nutritive value of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass): I. Yields and chemical composition related to season and herbage growth stage

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

The results of more than fifty estimates1 of herbage yield and ninety-seven analyses of chemical composition are presented in the first of several reports on nutritive evaluation studies of Panicum maximum (guinea grass). Effects of stage of maturity and season are discussed.Herbage yield increased at an increasing rate with maturity, and was depressed by about 40 % in the dry season compared to the wet season. The most significant differences in chemical composition were a decrease in crude protein from 9·8 % to 6·6% and a corresponding increase in crude fibre from 32·1 % to 39·4% as the grass matured from about 2½ weeks to about 2½ months in age. An increased level of nitrogen fertilization resulted in crude protein content being nearly doubled and crude fibre somewhat reduced.

Degradation of Crude Protein in Groundnut Cake, Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum) and Rumen Epithelial Scraping based Diets by West African Dwarf Sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
O. A. Ogunwole ◽  
A. Akinfemi ◽  
A. O Akinsoyinu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Three West African dwarf rams fitted with rumen cannula, were used in a completely randomized design for degradation of crude protein (CP) of groundnut cake (GNC), Panicum maximum, rumen epithelial scraping (RES), and diets containing increasing levels of RES. Concentrate diets were formulated such that 0% (A), 50% (B), and 100% (C) of groundnut cake were replaced with RES in a diet containing 20% GNC. The soluble fraction a, insoluble fraction b and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) obtained for GNC, grass and RES varied significantly (P<0.05). Significant (P<0.05) variations were also observed for a, b and RUP of the test ingredients. Effective degradability (ED) of CP in GNC, grass and RES (at outflow rate of 0.02) were 38.19, 19.63 and 2.13 respectively. The ED values obtained for the diets decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increased inclusion of RES. Panicum maximum and RES contained significantly higher (P<0.05) level of RUP when compared with GNC. The RUP values obtained for the diets were not influenced (P>0.05) by the inclusion of RES.

Effect of stage of growth and frequency of cutting on the yield and chemical composition of some Nigerian fodder grasses—Panicum maximum Jacq

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

1. The effects of the stage of growth and frequency of cutting on the yield and chemical composition of Panicum maximum Jacq., under the tropical humid conditions prevailing in Ibadan area were studied in the season 1953 to 1954. The cutting frequencies adopted were seventeen, eight, six and four times harvesting a year which corresponded respectively to a growing period of 3, 6, 8 and 12 weeks before the plants were cut.2. It was shown that Guinea grass gave the highest growth rate and cumulative green fodder yield (approximately 28 tons per acre) per year when allowed a 12-weekly growth cycle. Cutting the grass every 3 weeks gave a total minimum yield of 20 tons per acre. 6-weekly samplings resulted in higher green fodder yield than cutting it every 8 weeks. Such yield differences which exist among the various cutting treatments, however, are not statistically significant. When yields of edible (leafy) green fodder were considered, the order of superiority was 3-weekly > 6-weekly > 12-weekly > 8-weekly.It was shown that the increased yield of green and dry fodder obtained from the 12-weekly cut grass was made up of both fresh regrowth as well as of grasses which had been growing for 12 weeks.3. P. maximum contains a fairly high percentage of dry matter and this increased directly with the length of cutting intervals. Dry-matter yields, like those of green fodder, were highest for the 12-weekly harvested material, followed in order by the 6-weekly cut, the 8-weekly cut and the 3-weekly cut samples. However, the production of leaves and the accumulation of dry matter in them, are inversely related to the length of growing interval up to and including grasses allowed 8-weekly growing periods.4. The stems of P. maximum tend to mature more rapidly than the leaves, particularly at a growing stage of between 3 and 6 weeks of age. At between the 8 and 12 week growth stages, the development of the stem of P. maximum in relation to that of its leaves was not as rapid as observed in the case of either P. purpureum or of Andropogon tectorum.5. The percentage dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, ether extract and calcium are directly related, while those of crude protein, silica-free ash, phosphorus and magnesium, are inversely related to the length of cutting intervals. It was also shown that the mean percentage crude protein of Guinea grass of about 12 at 3 weeks of growth, declined by 45% to 6·4 when the grass was cut every 12 weeks. The grass contains a high amount of magnesium, a reasonably high amount of calcium, but a somewhat low content of phosphorus, a fact which accounts for the wide calcium to phosphorus ratio. This ratio widened with the length of cutting intervals.6. When Panicum maximum was cut at 3 -weekly intervals, it produced 69·3% more protein, 58·5% more silica-free ash, 32·3% more calcium, 49·6% more phosphoric acid, 71% more magnesium and higher amounts of carbohydrate and total nutrient material than when it was allowed to grow for 8 weeks. Similarly when the grass was allowed a 12-weekly growth cycle, it produced 35% more of total nutrient, 36·5% more of carbohydrate material and 62·2% more of calcium than when it was sampled every 8 weeks. It appears totally unprofitable from the point of view of yield of chemical constituents to subject P. maximum to a growth cycle of 8 weeks.7. Yields of green and dry matter and the percentage crude protein, silica-free ash, and nitrogen-free extract are directly related to the degree of precipitation. In general periods of high rainfall were accompanied by higher yields and percentage content of these constituents, while periods of low rainfall gave rise to smaller yields. The percentage content of crude fibre, on the other hand, was inversely related to rainfall.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value and Preference of Guinea-Grass Ensiled with or without Additive by West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
T. O. Abegunde ◽  
S. O. Babalola ◽  
B. T. Adeoye ◽  
A. O. Usman ◽  
O. M. Akinfemi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Silage Additives ◽  
Cassava Peels

A study was designed to investigate silage additives’ effect on preference and nutritive value of five weeks re-growth guinea grass by West African dwarf (WAD) goats. The silages of five weeks re-growth guinea grass were made without additive (T1), with cassava peels additive (T2), and with fermented epiphytic juice of lactic acid bacteria in Panicum maximum (FEJPM) additive (T3). The effects of silage additives on preference, voluntary feed intake, growth, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization were assessed using 18 growing WAD goats (BW: 5.88±0.26 kg) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 silage (40.70 g/100g) than in T1 silage (39.00) and T3 silage (34.60). Crude protein values were similar (p>0.05) in T1 and T3 silages (10.63 and 10.72 g/100g DM) that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in T2 silage (12.54 g/100g DM). The silages of guinea grass had acceptable physical attributes in terms of color, odor, and texture, with pH values ranging from 3.87- 4.97. T1 and T3 silages were rejected, whereas T2 silage was accepted well by the experimental WAD goats. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in the WAD goats fed T2 silage (303.30 g/day), and the lowest (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (271.60 g/day). Similar to the ADFI, the highest average daily gain (ADG) was found in WAD goats fed T2 silage (37.25 g/day), and the lowest ADG (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (24.50 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of WAD goats fed T2 silage (8.15) was superior to those of WAD goats fed T1 silage (13.63) and T3 silage (9.66). Crude protein and dry matter digestibility values were higher (p<0.05) in WAD goat fed T2 silage (68.24 and 63.87%, respectively) than in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen intake and balance were significantly (p<0.05) the highest in WAD goats fed T2 silage (12.41 and 8.68 g/day, respectively), and these variables were similar in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the silage additives. It was concluded that cassava peels were better than FEJPM as a silage additive since it improved fermentative quality, acceptability, feed intake, and digestibility of guinea grass silage by WAD goats.

scholarly journals Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes affect chemical compostition, animal intake and digestibility of guinea grass hay (Panicum maximum Jacq.).

1969 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Karla Tous-Rivera ◽  
Elide Valencia ◽  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Paul F. Randel ◽  
Adesogan Adegbola
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Two experiments were conducted for determining effects of applying exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to guineagrass hay (GH) [Panicum maximum Jacq. (= Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. Webster)] upon chemical composition, voluntary intake (VI), digestibility of various chemical fractions, and apparent and true dry matter (DM) degradability. The enzymatic products used were PromoteNET and BiocellulaseA-20, derived from Trichoderma longibratum and Aspergillus reesei. These products contain mainly cellulase and xylanase. In the first experiment, nine mature Blackbelly x creole crossbred rams of 26.8 kg mean body weight (BW) were used in a 3 x 3 Latin Square design, with 18-d periods. Treatments consisted of untreated hay (control), hay treated with PromoteNET, and hay treated with BiocellulaseA-20, applied by spraying 24 h prior to feeding. Daily hay offerings were at 4% of BW on a dry matter (DM) basis. Enzyme treatment increased contents of DM and crude protein (CP) in the treated GH in comparison with those contents of the untreated hay. A tendency to reduce neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose concentrations through the enzymatic treatments was also observed but was not significant (P > 0.05). The VI of DM of hays treated with BiocellulaseA-20 and PromoteNET (1,139 and 938 g DM/d, respectively) exceeded that of the control (921 g DM/d).The VI of CP, NDF and ADF were higher for hay treated with BiocellulaseA-20  than for GH untreated or treated with PromoteNET. Rams fed enzyme-treated hay had higher (P < 0.05) DM intake as a percentage of BW when compared with those fed untreated GH (4.06% for BiocellulaseA-20 0, 3.15% for PromoteNET, and 2.86% for the control). Apparent DM digestibility increased (P < 0.05) by 5.89 and 4.24 percentage units for BiocellulaseA-20 - and PromoteNET -treated hays in comparison with that of the control (50.12%). Significant increases over the control were observed in digestibility of three other fractions for GH treated with BiocellulaseA-20 and PromoteNET (CP, 3.23 and 3.18; NDF, 7.96 and 4.31; ADF, 7.69 and 7.9 percentage units). Digestibility of dry matter, CP and ADF did not differ (P > 0.05) between enzymatic treatments, whereas NDF digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) for GH treated with BiocellulaseA-20. In the second experiment, apparent dry matter degradability (IVDMDA) and true dry matter degradability (IVDMDT) were found to be higher (P < 0.05) for GH treated with both enzymes than for those of the control (IVDMDA by 2.75 percentage units for BiocellulaseA-20, 2.12 for PromoteNET; IVDMDT by 2.42 and 1.73 units, respectively). These results indicate that application of fibrolytic enzymatic complexes to low-quality tropical grass hay can improve the nutritional value substantially.

scholarly journals The utilization of grasses, legumes and other forage crops for cattle feeding in Puerto Rico I. Comparison of Guinea Grass, Para Grass "Malojillo" and a mixture of Para Grass and Tropical Kudzu as pasture crops

1969 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Luis Rivera Brenes
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Guinea Grass

Pará grass or "malojillo" (Panicum purpurascens), Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and a mixture of Pará grass and tropical Kudzu (Pueraria javanica) were tested as pasture crops by rotational grazing of 1/3 acre plots with native heifers which were 6-7 months of age at the start of the trial. At the time the heifers were changed from one lot to another, the uneaten portions of the forages were clipped, weighed, and samples secured for chemical analysis. Observations were also made on the ability of the crops to withstand drought, trampling, etc. Pará and Guinea grasses were similar as measured by gains of the animals, yield and carrying capacity. The Pará grass suffered severely during one phase of the trial due to a drought which affected it unduly because the grass was planted on high, well-drained, soil in contrast to its natural habitat. Guinea grass was not affected by the drought. This resistance plus its other desirable qualities indicates that Guinea grass is suitable as a pasture crop in Puerto Rico. The combination of Pará grass and Kudzu was found to give the best results in total digestible nutrients, gain in weight of the animals and carrying capacity. There was some evidence to indicate that the mixture benefited the nitrogen balance of the soil and assisted in the retention of precipitation. The Kudzu contained approximately 17 per cent crude protein and Pará grass of the mixture had a higher protein content than that grown alone. The results of this study indicate that Kudzu is a highly desirable crop to use in conjunction with Pará grass for pasture purposes.

STUDY ON THRIVE SCORE IN THE PROGNOSIS OF ISCHEMIC STROKE

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Thi Thao Nhi Tran ◽  
Dinh Toan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Words Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Outcome Mortality ◽  
Better Than

Background and Purpose: Stroke is the second cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability. Using the clinical scale to predict the outcome of the patient play an important role in clinical practice. The Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) score has shown broad utility, allowing prediction of clinical outcome and death. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducting on 102 patients with acute ischemic stroke using THRIVE score. The outcome of patient was assessed by mRankin in the day of 30 after stroke. Statistic analysis using SPSS 15.0. Results: There was 60.4% patient in the group with THRIVE score 0 – 2 points having a good outcome (mRS 0 - 2), patient group with THRIVE score 6 - 9 having a high rate of bad outcome and mortality. Having a positive correlation between THRIVE score on admission and mRankin score at the day 30 after stroke with r = 0.712. THRIVE score strongly predicts clinical outcome with ROC-AUC was 0.814 (95% CI 0.735 - 0.893, p<0.001), Se 69%, Sp 84% and the cut-off was 2. THRIVE score strongly predicts mortality with ROC-AUC was 0.856 (95% CI 0.756 - 0.956, p<0.01), Se 86%, Sp 77% and the cut-off was 3. Analysis of prognostic factors by multivariate regression models showed that THRIVE score was only independent prognostic factor for the outcome of post stroke patients. Conclusions: The THRIVE score is a simple-to-use tool to predict clinical outcome, mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. Despite its simplicity, the THRIVE score performs better than several other outcome prediction tools. Key words: Ischemic stroke, THRIVE, prognosis, outcome, mortality

Research on Quick Superplastic Forming for Aluminium Alloy Sheet

2012 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Jian Liang ◽  
Xiao Wei Wu ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Quan Lin Jin ◽  
Zhao Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hot Forming ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Better Than

This article describes the high rate superplastic forming. The high rate superplastic forming technology is a new complex process,which integrates hot stamping and superplastic forming .It has feature of rapidity of the hot stamping and character of excellent formability of the superplastic forming.We obtained the best proportion of the hot forming and the superplastic forming through simulation experiment, and formed a car’s abonnet by applying the proportion.Compared with the high rate superplastic forming,the forming quality is better than that of hot forming. and the forming time is less than that of superplastic forming. Result shows that ,the high rate superplastic forming technology can meet the requirements for mass production.

Second Paper: Deep Drawing and Free Forming Using a Water Hammer Technique

1964 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Vafiadakis ◽  
W. Johnson ◽  
I. S. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Time History ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
History Of ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Initial Movement ◽  
Better Than

Earlier work on a water-hammer technique for high-rate forming of sheet metal has been extended to include work on deep drawing using lead plugs. A study of the pressure-time history of a deforming blank during its initial movement is reported. An assessment of the overall efficiency of the process has been made and is found to be about 50 per cent; this is an order of magnitude better than that found with comparable electro-hydraulic and explosive methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document