scholarly journals Salinity and temperature influencing seed germination of Mediterranean Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.): an ecological adaptation to saline environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouzid Nedjimi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Four Levels

In Mediterranean basin, Pinus halepensis Mill. is the dominant conifer used in afforestation and landscape projects. The ecological, aesthetic and commercial benefits make this conifer a precious tree for both woody production and land rehabilitation. Nevertheless, detailed studies on the adaptation of this tree to abiotic environmental constraints in the Mediterranean areas remain limited up until now. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of the interactive impact of temperatures and salinity on the germinability potential of P. halepensis seeds. The cones of P. halepensis used in this experiment were harvested from the Gotaïa forest at Djelfa province, Algeria. The seeds were removed from their cones and surface-sterilized by soaking for five min in 10% NaClO. Seeds were germinated at three temperature regimes (10–20 °C, 15–25 °C and 20–30 °C) and four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) at photoperiodic lighting (16 h of light : 8 h of dark). For each treatment 04 replicates of 25 seeds were placed in Petri dish with 5 ml of test solutions. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the experiment. Results revealed that the uppermost germinability was recorded in distilled H2O and the progressive enhancement of NaCl significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed germination. At 15–25 °C (dark : light thermoperiod), P. halepensis seeds showed approximately 90% of germination at 0 mM NaCl. However less germination percentage (GP) was obtained at 10–20 °C and 20–30 °C. Values of Timson’s index were also suppressed significantly (P < 0.001) with an increase under salt stress at all thermoperiods but at least at 15–25 °C. These funding suggest that seeding of P. halepensis may be an effective path for rehabilitation of degraded lands where salinity and drought are major features of the arid ecosystems. Yet, this conclusion still needs verification by field experiments. Key words: Pinus halepensis; arid zones; sowing dates; afforestation; salt tolerance

scholarly journals Barley Residues Allelopathic Effects on Corn Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
M. Khoshkharam ◽  
W. Sun ◽  
Q. Cheng ◽  
M.H. Shahrajabian
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Radicle Length

Abstract Allelopathy is the detrimental effect of one crop on germination or development of a plant of another species. A factorial layout within completely randomized design with four replications was used to survey the influence of barley extract on corn seeds. Treatments included plant organs extract (leaf, stem, root and total), and different barley extract densities (Nosrat cultivar) includes four levels of 0%, 25%, 50% and 100%. The influence of barley extract was significant on coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length. Plant organs had meaningful effect on germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length. Among all experimental characteristics, coleoptiles length was influenced by interaction between barley extract and plant organ. Although, the highest germination rate and germination percentage was related to 25% and 100% of barley extract density, the maximum coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptiles length was related to control treatment (0%). Leaf extract has obtained the higher values of germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length. Interaction between control treatment (0% plant extract) and stem extract had obtained the highest coleoptiles weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length. Hence, from the obtained results, it can be concluded that the extracts of barley may have allelopathic influence on germination and seedling growth of corn.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Salinity on Seeds Germination of Sterile Oat (Avena sterilis) and Rigid Rye Grass (Lolium rigidum) at Constant or Alternating Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Khalid S. Alshallash Khalid S. Alshallash
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Sterile oat (Avena sterilis) and rigid rye grass (Lolium rigidum) are well known grasses in many parts of the world. They grow in grasslands and arable lands. Both are recorded as serious weeds of arable lands in many countries worldwide. Seeds germination of both species were tested at four levels of water salinity concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500 mM/L of NaCl) and five different temperatures (Constant at 8 C ° or alternating temperatures of; 8/16, 10/18, 6/14, 10/20 C?). Photoperiods regime of 8 hours darkness and 16 hours of light at the constant temperature was implemented. The same was followed with the alternating temperatures with 8 hours darkness at the lower temperature and 16 hours light with the higher temperature. A. sterilis seeds showed better germination with high significance of (? 00.1) than L. rigidum seeds at all tested treatments. The mean number of germinated seeds of A. sterilis was (6) out of (20) seeds /petri dish whereas, it was nearly (3) geminated seeds with L. rigidum. Both species secured the highest germination percentage at level of alternating temperatures of (10/20 C °) with 40% (mean number of germinated seeds was 8 out of 20 seeds / petri dish) for A. sterilis and 25% (5 out of 20 seeds / petri dish) for L. rigidum. Although A. sterilis seeds showed some germination (25%) at constant temperatures of (8 C°), L. rigidum seeds were less in favorite of this climatic condition expressing its response to alternating temperatures. Generally, A. sterilis seeds showed better germination responses than L. rigidum seeds at all different level of tested temperatures. Moreover, A. sterilis seeds resist water salinity as high as 100 mM of NaCl/L and showed almost 50 % germination especially at its favorite alternating temperature of (10/20 C °). L. rigidum seeds also showed some resistance to 100 mM/L of NaCl giving about 35 % germination. However, both species gave poor germination at higher levels of water salinity of 300 and 500 mM of NaCl/L concentrations. Results confirmed that both species seeds germination are in favorite of moderate alternating temperatures condition expressing some resistance to water salinity. This explains both species invasion and persistence in arable lands being reported a serious weedy plant species especially in a Mediterranean climate and subtropical conditions. In addition those results showed some of the two species seed biological aspects, which could contribute to a better control practice of the two species in arable lands.

scholarly journals Temperatures and substrates for germination and vigor of Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e46030
Author(s):  
João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Arliston Pereira Leite ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Understory Plant

Erythroxylum pauferrense is an endemic understory plant species of the Northeast Region of Brazil. The species is of great importance to the region and so ecophysiological studies are needed for its preservation. The objective of the present study was to determine the best substrates and temperatures for testing germination and seed vigor of E. pauferrense. An experiment was performed comprising a completely randomized design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five temperature regimes (20, 25, 30, 35°C constant and 20-30°C alternating) and four types of substrates (paper, vermiculite, sand and commercial substrate). The following characteristics were evaluated: germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index, mean germination time, seedling length and dry mass (root and shoot). Paper and vermiculite substrates combined with constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and alternated between 20-30°C, provide greater seed germination and vigor while 35°C reduces seed physiological quality.

scholarly journals Effects of osmo-priming on germination, growth and green pod yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] at Luyengo, Middleveld of Eswatini

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 029-038
Author(s):  
Sibeko Nomkhosi B ◽  
Mzwandile Mabuza ◽  
Tamado Tana
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cropping Season

Okra is a nutritious summer vegetable crop in Eswatini. However, it has slow and uneven germination. Seed pre-sowing treatment through osmo-priming can enhance the germination, growth and yield of okra. Thus, laboratory and field experiments were conducted at Luyengo, Middleveld of Eswatini in 2019/2020 cropping season to determine the effect of osmo-priming on germination, growth and yield of okra. Treatments included priming of seeds with Polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and unprimed control. Completely randomized design was used for the laboratory experiment and randomized complete block design was used for the field experiment. Results showed significant (p<0.01) effect of seed priming on the germination index, mean germination time and final germination percentage of okra seeds. Significantly the highest germination index (5.2) and final germination percentage (66) were recorded in priming with 15% PEG. Similarly, seeds priming with 15% PEG resulted in significantly the highest number of leaves per plant (12.07), leaf area index (1.49), canopy height (120.9 cm), and number of branches per plant (8.13). Moreover, okra seeds primed in 15% PEG resulted in the highest pod length and total green pod yield (2009.8 kg ha-1). Thus, it can be concluded that seed priming with 15% PEG is the most effective in improving the germination, growth and yield of okra in the study area.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity on seed germination of some tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Getachew Shumye Adilu ◽  
Yohannes Gedamu Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
And Control

Salinity adversely affects 20-30% of the irrigated area in the world. Tomato is sensitive to salinity. It is one of the most severe abiotic factors of many agricultural crops and it becoming the main problem in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels on the seed germination parameters of tomato varieties. It was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The treatment included four tomato varieties (Sirinka, Weyno, ARP D2, and Roma VF) and five salinity levels (1 dS m-1, 2 dS m-1, 3 dS m-1, 4 dS m-1, and control). Fifty seeds were placed in a Petri dish over a moistened germination paper for germination and seedlings and allowed to grow for 14 days. The germination rate, speed and energy of tomato seeds were significantly (p < 0.001) affected by the combined effect of variety and salinity. The shortest mean germination time, the highest mean germination rate, and the highest speed of germination were recorded in the ARP D2 variety in the control treatment. The lowest first and last days of germination, and the uncertainty of germination were recorded from ARP D2. However, an increase in the days of germination and in the uncertainty of germination, and a decrease in the germination index and total germination percentage trends were observed with increasing salinity levels. The highest level of salinity (4 dS m-1) affected the germination of tomato varieties. Among the four tested tomato varieties, ARP D2 and Roma VF were tolerant to salinity.

scholarly journals Aspectos germinativos de cultivares de girassol armazenadas submetidos a estresse térmico

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Renato Costa Nunes Leandro ◽  
Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira ◽  
Tatiana Maria da Silva ◽  
André Luís da Silva Parente Nogueira ◽  
Maria Neurilan Costa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Analysis Laboratory ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The One

<p>Objetivou-se avaliar a germinação de sementes de diferentes cultivares de girassol armazenadas sob condições de estresse térmico. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), em Fortaleza - CE. Para a avaliação da influência da temperatura o experimento foi disposto em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (20 x 5), sendo vinte cultivares de girassol e cinco regimes de temperaturas (25,0; 27,5; 30,0; 32,5 e 35,0º C) e, respectivamente, conduzido quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: média da matéria fresca por plântula; média da matéria seca por plântula tempo médio de germinação; índice de velocidade de germinação; porcentagem de germinação. Os resultados foram comparados entre si pelo teste de Skott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. A avaliação de estresse térmico promovido nas sementes de girassol, permitiram discriminar o híbrido Olissun como o que apresentou as melhores características em termos de qualidade fisiológica para superação de estresse térmico em comparação aos demais cultivares avaliados. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Germinal aspects of stored sunflower cultivars subjected to heat stress</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the germination of seeds of different cultivars of sunflower under conditions of heat stress. The study was conducted in the Plant Science Department of the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) in Fortaleza-CE. For the evaluation of the influence of temperature, the experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in a factorial design (20 x 5), and twenty varieties of sunflower five temperature regimes (25.0, 27.5, 30.0, 32.5 and 35,0º C) and, respectively, conducted four replications. The following variables were evaluated: mean fresh weight per plant; average dry matter per plant average time of germination; germination speed index; germination percentage. The results were compared by Skott-Knott test at 5% probability. The evaluation of thermal stress caused in sunflower seeds, allowed to discriminate the hybrid Olissun as the one with the best characteristics in terms of physiological quality to overcome heat stress compared to other cultivars evaluated.</p>

KARAKTERISTIK FISIK BUBUR INSTAN TERSUBTITUSI TEPUNG PISANG TONGKA LANGIT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Priscillia Picauly ◽  
Gilian Tetelepta
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
Banana Flour ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Instant porridge is sereal-based food that can be combined with fruits so it will contain better nutrition. To improve the nutrition value of instant porridge then substitute of one kind of banana originally from Maluku is Tongka langit banana. A good quality of instant porridge has a high nutrition and a best physical property. This research aims to characterize of the physical properties instant porridge that are substituted by Tongka langit banana flour and the rice flour. The design that is applied is completely randomized design with four levels of treatment in comparing the substitution between Tongka langit banana flour and the rice flour as follow 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. According to the result of this research, the physical characteristic of instant porridge that are substituted by Tongka langit banana flour are bulk density (0.84-0.89 g/mL), water absorption index (3.49-4.05%), and water solubility index (0.02-0.04%).

PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY PREVENTION OF PEAT SOIL IN OIL PALM PLANTATION THROUGH STEEL SLAG APPLICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Muhdan Syarovy ◽  
Fandi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

scholarly journals Relative potency of a novel acaricidal compound from Xenorhabdus, a bacterial genus mutualistically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Incedayi ◽  
Harun Cimen ◽  
Derya Ulug ◽  
Mustapha Touray ◽  
Edna Bode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Mutant Strains

AbstractOur study aimed to identify the novel acaricidal compound in Xenorhabdus szentirmaii and X. nematophila using the easyPACId approach (easy Promoter Activated Compound Identification). We determined the (1) effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from mutant strains against T. urticae females, (2) CFS of the acaricidal bioactive strain of X. nematophila (pCEP_kan_XNC1_1711) against different biological stages of T. urticae, and females of predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus, (3) effects of the extracted acaricidal compound on different biological stages of T. urticae, and (4) cytotoxicity of the active substance. The results showed that xenocoumacin produced by X. nematophila was the bioactive acaricidal compound, whereas the acaricidal compound in X. szentirmaii was not determined. The CFS of X. nematophila (pCEP_kan_XNC1_1711) caused 100, 100, 97.3, and 98.1% mortality on larvae, protonymph, deutonymph and adult female of T. urticae at 7 dpa in petri dish experiments; and significantly reduced T. urticae population in pot experiments. However, the same CFS caused less than 36% mortality on the predatory mites at 7dpa. The mortality rates of extracted acaricidal compound (xenocoumacin) on the larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult female of T. urticae were 100, 100, 97, 96% at 7 dpa. Cytotoxicity assay showed that IC50 value of xenocoumacin extract was 17.71 μg/ml after 48 h. The data of this study showed that xenocoumacin could potentially be used as bio-acaricide in the control of T. urticae; however, its efficacy in field experiments and its phytotoxicity need to be assessed in future.

The long-term persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in arable fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. W. LUTMAN ◽  
S. E. FREEMAN ◽  
C. PEKRUN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Decline Curves

The present paper reports on three sets of experiments exploring the persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The first, where known numbers of seeds were buried in September 1991 in two field experiments, demonstrated substantial initial losses of seeds, such that only 0·2 and 3·8% of seeds were still present after 4 months. In these experiments, which were not disturbed by mechanical cultivation, there was little evidence of further decline over the following 13 months. In the second of the two experiments, seeds were then left undisturbed for a further 136 months. A mean of 1·8% of seeds were still present after this period, providing further confirmation of the lack of decline in seed numbers in these undisturbed conditions. In the second pair of experiments, known numbers of seeds of three rape cultivars were broadcast onto plots and then either ploughed into the soil immediately after the start of the experiments, or were exposed to weekly shallow tine cultivation followed by ploughing after 4 weeks. The former created a larger seedbank than the latter. The experiments were then ploughed, annually (Expt 1) or at less frequent intervals (Expt 2); appreciable numbers of seeds survived for 65 months in both. Calculations based on exponential decline curves indicated that 95% seed loss would take 15–39 months, depending on the site, cultivar and initial post-harvest stubble treatment. The third part of the paper is based on more detailed studies of persistence of seeds of six cultivars in Petri dishes and buried in 25 cm pots. This work confirmed that cultivars differed in their persistence, as Apex was confirmed as highly persistent, whereas Rebel was short-lived. There were inconsistencies in the response of cultivar Synergy between the Petri-dish and pot experiment, which need further study. This experiment also reinforced the conclusion of the initial field experiments that little seed loss occurs in the absence of cultivations. Appreciable numbers of rape seeds will persist up to 4 years, in normal cropping conditions and in the absence of cultivation one experiment has confirmed persistence for over 11 years.

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