scholarly journals Hydrotechnical arrangements influence on morphological and hydrological characteristics of Crişul Negru River and its tributaries - Western Apuseni Mountains, Romania

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-363
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Channel Slope ◽  
Made In

The anthropic interventions on riverbeds and banks have a direct and irreversible influence on the flow regime, primarily by changing the hydraulic characteristics of rivers, like channel slope and/or geometry, channel roughness, flow depth, consequently water velocity, propagation time of floods, etc. In the Upper Basin of the Crişul Negru River, the first hydro-technical arrangements were made in the 18th and 19th centuries, mainly for flood mitigation and swampy areas amelioration. But the most important and extensive works were designed following the exceptional floods of 1980-1981 (consolidations of banks, embankments, regularizations, bottom sills, etc.) and at the end of the 20th century. The purpose of the paper is to emphasize the effects of the hydro-technical works on both the morphology of the riverbed and the flow regime (average, minimum and maximum flow) of the most affected rivers in the study area. The data utilized are elevation profiles, stages and discharges recorded on more than 40 years at four gauging stations, namely including periods before and after the execution of the extensive works. The positive and negative influences of the arrangements are highlighted through statistical analysis and trend detection in data series, corroborated with the commissioning of the hydro-technical works and the evolution of rivers' morphology.

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

Coronary Care in a General Hospital

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shaw ◽  
Bernard Groden ◽  
Evelyn Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coronary Care ◽  
Made In

The establishment, staffing and structure and observations made in the first year of the existence of coronary care in an intensive care unit in a general hospital are recorded. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were admitted during the year in whom the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed. There were 29 deaths in the unit and 14 deaths occurred in the wards of the hospital after discharge from the unit. 49.1 per cent of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms and the mean duration of stay in the unit was 86.5 hours. The type of arrhythmia detected in the unit, and the treatment given to the patients both before and after admission to the intensive care unit are described.

SERIAL ESTIMATION OF PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER PARTURITION

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BROWN ◽  
D. L. DAVIES ◽  
P. B. DOAK ◽  
A. F. LEVER ◽  
J. I. S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Plasma renin concentration has been measured in normal women at intervals throughout pregnancy. Further measurements have been made in the days and hours before and after delivery of the foetus and placenta. Plasma renin was consistently raised in the majority of pregnant women and did not change markedly until 24 hr. or more after delivery. The significance of these findings is discussed.

GUIDANCE IN MATERNAL AND INFANT CARE TWO MONTHS BEFORE AND AFTER THE BIRTH OF THE FIRST-BORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
AUGUSTA STUART CLAY
Keyword(s):  
Normal Growth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Private Physician ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haven Hospital ◽  
Made In

THIS study was made in the belief that family living and growth can be healthier if parents understand how mother and baby develop and what they need. Eleven mothers were visited weekly for two months before and after the birth of their firstborn to discover what guidance they wanted, what was offered, and what additional guidance was needed. The writer secured their cooperation by agreeing to work with them as a consultant, to interpret their point of view to the doctor, to explain medical instructions when permitted, and to teach the normal growth processes of mother and baby. Ten mothers were registered in the prenatal clinics of the New Haven Hospital; the eleventh had a private physician. They had no recorded problems beyond the needs of healthy pregnancy and they wanted to participate. Eight husbands agreed to take part in the study. The other three were overseas, but their wives reported for them. Backgrounds varied; 20 of the 22 had had college or high school education; all were between 18 and 32. None dropped out, and after the four months all asked for continued guidance. Cases were too few and the study too brief for statistical evidence. But problems were uncovered which needed to be considered and which have largely been neglected in routine obstetric and pediatric care. These parents wanted to learn—not in classes, but in the privacy of home—how to care for mother and baby without disrupting their accustomed way of living. All wanted the care and interest of one doctor for mother and one for baby. However, six women and five men preferred to talk with a consultant who was not a doctor, but who was affiliated with their doctors. The doctors seemed too busy for "little things" and "family affairs," and they saw so many doctors that they all seemed strangers. Once they felt sure that the consultant's interest was in themselves rather than in teaching them, they set the pace and pattern in the conference. There was no questionnaire, no probing, no set procedure. If they had any immediate interests or problems: job, move, presents, trips, in-laws, illness—these were discussed before they talked of pregnancy and baby.

Effect of Hypertonicity on Augmentation and Potentiation and on Corresponding Quantal Parameters of Transmitter Release

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1428-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Cheng ◽  
Michael D. Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Quantal Transmitter Release ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Miniature Endplate Potentials ◽  
Endplate Potentials ◽  
Made In

Effect of hypertonicity on augmentation and potentiation and on corresponding quantal parameters of transmitter release. Augmentation and (posttetanic) potentiation are two of the four components comprising the enhanced release of transmitter following repetitive nerve stimulation. To examine the quantal basis of these components under isotonic and hypertonic conditions, we recorded miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) from isolated frog ( Rana pipiens) cutaneous pectoris muscles, before and after repetitive nerve stimulation (40 s at 80 Hz). Continuous recordings were made in low Ca2+ high Mg2+ isotonic Ringer solution, in Ringer that was made hypertonic with 100 mM sucrose, and in wash solution. Estimates were obtained of m (no. of quanta released), n (no. of functional release sites), p (mean probability of release), and vars p (spatial variance in p), using a method that employed MEPP counts. Hypertonicity abolished augmentation without affecting potentiation. There were prolonged poststimulation increases in m, n,and p and a marked but transient increase in vars p in the hypertonic solution. All effects were completely reversed with wash. The time constants of decay for potentiation and for vars p were virtually identical. The results are consistent with the notion that augmentation is caused by Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated calcium channels and that potentiation is due to Na+-induced Ca2+ release from mitochondria. The results also demonstrate the utility of this approach for analyzing the dynamics of quantal transmitter release.

scholarly journals Experimental and field verifications of radial gates as flow measurement structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Khalili Shayan ◽  
Javad Farhoudi ◽  
Alireza Vatankhah
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Flow Limit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Extensive Experimental Data ◽  
Radial Gate ◽  
Discharge Curves

Abstract Radial gates are common structures in irrigation projects. This paper presents some theoretical-based equations for explicit estimation of the discharge from the radial gate under free and submerged flow conditions using Energy and Momentum (E-M) principles. The proposed equations were calibrated using extensive experimental data collected from the literature and this study for three types of radial gates under free and submerged flow conditions. The submergence threshold of radial gates is concluded, based on the concepts of hydraulic jump and the intersection of free and submerged head-discharge curves. The results indicated that the error in estimating the discharge increases under transition ( − 2.5 ≤ Sr% ≤ + 2.5), gate lip (1 < y0/w ≤ 2), and high submerged (yt/y0 ≥ 0.95) flow conditions. However, in these flow limit conditions, the discharge error can be considerably decreased by adjusting the tailwater depth to flow depth just after the gate and using the energy equation for the sections before and after the gate. The efficiency of the proposed methods was evaluated based on the data series from field measurements of radial gates in 29 check structures at irrigation canals in the United States and Iran. The results showed that the discharge could be estimated using the proposed equations in field conditions with acceptable accuracy.

The Effects of Compression and Pore Size Variations on the Liquid Flow Characteristics in Metal Foams

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Boomsma ◽  
D. Poulikakos
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Transitional Regime ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Flow Velocities

Open-cell aluminum foams were investigated using water to determine their hydraulic characteristics. Maximum fluid flow velocities achieved were 1.042 m/s. The permeability and form coefficient varied from 2.46×10−10 m2 and 8701 m−1 to 3529×10−10 m2 and 120 m−1, respectively. It was determined that the flowrate range influenced these calculated parameters, especially in the transitional regime where the permeability based Reynolds number varied between unity and 26.5. Beyond the transition regime where ReK≳30, the permeability and form coefficient monotonically approached values which were reported as being calculated at the maximum flow velocities attained. The results obtained in this study are relevant to engineering applications employing metal foams ranging from convection heat sinks to filters and flow straightening devices.

scholarly journals EEG Signals Analysis Using Multiscale Entropy for Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring during Surgery through Artificial Neural Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Liu ◽  
Yi-Feng Chen ◽  
Shou-Zen Fan ◽  
Maysam F. Abbod ◽  
Jiann-Shing Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Depth Of Anesthesia ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Different Time Scales

In order to build a reliable index to monitor the depth of anesthesia (DOA), many algorithms have been proposed in recent years, one of which is sample entropy (SampEn), a commonly used and important tool to measure the regularity of data series. However, SampEn only estimates the complexity of signals on one time scale. In this study, a new approach is introduced using multiscale entropy (MSE) considering the structure information over different time scales. The entropy values over different time scales calculated through MSE are applied as the input data to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model using bispectral index (BIS) or expert assessment of conscious level (EACL) as the target. To test the performance of the new index’s sensitivity to artifacts, we compared the results before and after filtration by multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD). The new approach via ANN is utilized in real EEG signals collected from 26 patients before and after filtering by MEMD, respectively; the results show that is a higher correlation between index from the proposed approach and the gold standard compared with SampEn. Moreover, the proposed approach is more structurally robust to noise and artifacts which indicates that it can be used for monitoring the DOA more accurately.

Biphasic response to acetylcholine in human veins in vivo: the role of the endothelium

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Collier ◽  
Patrick Vallance
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Biphasic Response ◽  
Dorsal Hand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Made In

1. The dose-response to acetylcholine has been examined in dorsal hand veins of healthy volunteers before and after removal of the endothelium. 2. Measurements were made in single dorsal hand veins during local infusions of acetylcholine. The vein was irrigated with distilled water to remove the endothelium. Dilator studies were performed in vessels preconstricted by a continuous infusion of noradrenaline. 3. In the endothelium-intact vessel the dose-response to acetylcholine was biphasic; low doses produced venodilatation with higher doses causing venoconstriction. 4. Dilatation to low doses of acetylcholine was abolished by prior irrigation with distilled water, consistent with denudation of the endothelium by this process. Irrigation augmented the constriction seen in response to higher doses of acetylcholine. 5. This is the first demonstration of an endothelium-dependent biphasic dose-response to acetylcholine in man. The results raise questions as to the possible physiological actions of endogenous acetylcholine and as to the use of the acetylcholine dose-response curve as a marker of endothelial function.

Occurrence and Prevention of Changes in the Chemical Structure of Natural Rubber Tire Tread Vulcanizates during Service

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Cunneen ◽  
R. M. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Before And After ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Made In

Abstract The chemical structure of the tread vulcanizate of heavy-duty tires has been investigated before and after service on the road, and after testing under conditions designed to induce tread-lift. Significant changes occurred. These included a marked reduction in the concentration of polysulfide crosslinks, and an increase in the amount of monosulfide crosslinks and main chain modification. Experiments with vulcanizates made in the laboratory indicated that the structural alterations in the tires were due to thermal anaerobic reactions caused by heat build-up, and that they resulted in a deterioration in some of the physical properties of the tread vulcanizate. The rate of desulfuration of ‘model’ polysulfides has been found to depend critically upon the nature of the vulcanization recipe. These novel findings point the way to improving the stability of vulcanizates used in the treads of tires and, consequently, tire performance.

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