scholarly journals COMPOSITES-ADVERBS IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
И.Н. ЦАЛЛАГОВА
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Speech Features ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Существенную часть лексического состава любого языка составляют дериваты, ввиду этого, особое значение в номинативной деятельности человека приобретает словообразование. Всестороннее и разноаспектное исследование словообразователь­ной системы языков и их диалектов является одной из самых актуальных проблем в современном языкознании. Данное исследование посвящено одному из самых про­дуктивных способов словообразования – словосложению (композитообразованию) в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка. Существует ряд научных трудов по данной проблеме, но они освещают лишь отдельные словообразовательные виды, типы и модели, комплексного исследования композитного словообразования в дигорском ди­алекте не проводилось. Следует подчеркнуть, что словосложение по-разному прояв­ляет себя в разных частях речи. Особенности наблюдаются как в характере связи компонентов, так и в различной продуктивности самих типов сложений и разных лексико-грамматических классах слов. Отдельное изучение словообразования каждой части речи дает возможность выделить все способы и все средства, свойственные этой части речи. Исследование словообразовательных типов новых слов, их появ­ления в результате различных взаимодействий с другими словообразовательными типами может дать представление о том, какие тенденции проявляются в совре­менной словообразовательной системе языка. В соответствии с этим, основной це­лью работы является структурно-семантический анализ композитов-наречий, их типологическая характеристика, выявление наиболее продуктивных моделей. Ком­плексный подход к исследуемому материалу обусловил необходимость использования таких методов, как: описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный, компонент­ный, статистический. В ходе исследования выявлены основные словообразователь­ные модели композитов-наречий в дигорском диалекте; проведен частеречный ана­лиз компонентов композитов-наречий; определена типология отношений между компонентами с учетом степени продуктивности. Derivatives make up a significant part of the lexical composition of any language, in view of this, word formation acquires special significance in the nominative activity of a person. Comprehensive and multifaceted study of the word-formation system of languages and their dialects is one of the most pressing problems in modern linguistics. This research is devoted to one of the most productive ways of word formation - word composition (compositing) in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language. There are a number of scientific works on this problem, but they cover only certain derivational types, types and models; a comprehensive study of composite word formation in the Digor dialect has not been carried out. It should be emphasized that word composition manifests itself in different ways in different parts of speech. Features are observed both in the nature of the connection between the components, and in the different productivity of the types of additions themselves and different lexical and grammatical classes of words. A separate study of word formation for each part of speech makes it possible to highlight all the methods and all the means inherent in this part of speech. The study of word-formation types of new words, their appearance as a result of various interactions with other word-formation types can give an idea of what tendencies are manifested in the modern word-formation system of the language. In accordance with this, the main goal of the work is the structural and semantic analysis of composites-adverbs, their typological characteristics, and the identification of the most productive models. An integrated approach to the material under study necessitated the use of methods such as: descriptive, comparative, component, statistical. In the course of the research, the main derivational models of composites-adverbs in the Digor dialect were revealed; a part-of-speech analysis of the components of adverb composites was carried out; defined a typology of relationships between components, taking into account the degree of productivity.

scholarly journals Lingo-Didactic Potential Derivation Syntagmatics in Russian Language

2018 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Categorical Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
System Properties ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Formation System

The article deals with the specificity of syntagmatic relations in the word-formation system of the Russian language. The subject of the study is the typical derivational chains and their part-of-speech patterns as a methodologically relevant means of teaching the language. The aim of the work is to reveal and describe the linguodidactic potential of word-forming syntagmatics in the Russian language, reflected in simple and complex (typical) units of the word-formation system. It has been established that the typology of derivational chains reflects the hierarchy inherent in the units of the word-formation system. Typical chains are correlated with categorical models – the units of a higher level of abstraction, taking into account the partial status of derivatives. Different types of combinations on the basis of the similarity of structure and semantics are characteristic of these units. Their regularity and reproducibility in the Russian language demonstrates the degree of word-formative productivity of various parts of speech. The typical derivational chains allow the teacher to demonstrate the system properties of lexical units, which is important for the formation of linguistic competence. The comprehension of the laws of Russian word-formation makes it possible to reduce the number of words necessary to memorize and thus creates the prerequisites for the potential enrichment of vocabulary. The study of parts of speech within the framework of typical derivational chain, namely by the sequential introduction of cognate words into the active vocabulary of students, promotes the realization of the principle of continuity of learning – from word formation to morphology and syntax, which ultimately leads to the learning of new words.

Conversion in Albanian

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-600
Author(s):  
Rrahman Paçarizi
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
Lexical Approach

Abstract Conversion is a unique way of forming new words, when derived word has the same shape as the original word. In traditional grammars, quite dominant is the definition that during conversions there is a change in the belonging of the part of speech or at least the change of the syntactic category of the word, without any change in the shape. The morpho-syntactic approach is based solely on changing the part of speech, while the lexical approach relies on the creation of the new lexical unit. This paper is an effort to expanded approach and perspective, because conversion in Albanian occurs also within the same parts of speech, or without changing it. While in English and German conversion is one of the most productive ways of word formation, in French, Spanish and Slavic languages it hardly exists. Italian applies conversion in a slightly different way. Albanian, on the other hand, is extremely advanced in this respect, since we have identified more than 500 cases of undoubted conversion as well as hundreds of cases of polysemy with a tendency of dissolution with high chances of differentiation of meaning, making those words new lexical units.

scholarly journals Achievements of the academic grammar school

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Kateryna Horodensʹka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Functional Syntax ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Formation System

This study aims at investigating the development of grammatical theory at the Institute of the Ukrainian Language for the last 30 years. The paper summarizes achievements in grammar theory from applying the functional, i.e., semantic and grammatical, approach developed by I.R. Vykhovanetsʹ to differentiating units into word and nonword classes and distinguishing morphological categories of major word classes. This facilitated the establishment of the theoretical basis of functional and categorical morphology. The author analyses studies in formal grammatical, semantic, functional, categorical, deri vational, and anthropocentric syntax that attest to the multidimensional growth of a syntactic theory and main aspects of the Ukrainian word formation on the basis of semantic and categorical syntax and a formant- and stem-based derivatology. Some of the latest multi-pronged processes in word formation reflect dynamics of word formation rules, the replenishment of word formation resources, and the development of the word-formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The solving of a complex set of theoretical issues in the modern Ukrainian word-formation introduced the methodological foundations for the recent normative description of the word formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The article addresses issues in studies on applied grammar determined by the process of glo balization and democratization of the Ukrainian society and the needs of Modern Ukrainian language practice to be met. Particular importance is attached to the grammatical prescriptive norms in the professional use, the actualization of case forms appearing in the passive vocabulary, and the dynamics of morphological and syntactic norms in various functional and stylistic dimensions of Standard Ukrainian. Keywords: functional grammar, functional morphology, functional syntax, categorical grammar, categorical syntax, categorical word formation, classification of parts of speech, morphological categories.

CORONASPEAK-2020: WORD-FORMATION ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
O. Ye. Tkachuk-Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Speech Classification

The article presents a first assessment of the word-stock of “coronaspeak”-2020 — a new language of the Covid-19 pandemic. The English vocabulary is subjected to constant change due to various extralinguistic factors. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the ‘explosion’ of new words. As of today, “coronaspeak” has over 1,000 words with more units appearing each day. The scale of the expansion is unprecedented, which requires reaction of the linguistic community. The article raises the issue of the classification of the “coronaspeak” word-stock. It argues that facilitated by media and social networks new words are changing their status of nonce words to neologisms, which makes the classification untimely and premature. The word-building analysis of 200 new words of “coronaspeak” allows to conclude that the creation of the new “coronavirus” word-stock applies the structural patterns specific for the English language. These various patterns include semantic change in denotation, derivation, compounding, blending, shortening, The analysis of the “coranaspeak” word-stock has demonstrated that the semantic changes in denotation, in particular the extension and the narrowing of a meaning, are scarce, and, hence, non-productive. Affixation, as a word-forming process, has proved semi-productive with the predominantly noun-forming suffixes. Among a limited number of shortenings we have observed final (apocope) and initial (apheresis) clippings, combined with affixation, by adding the suffix — y. Compounding and blending have proved to be highly productive. According to the part of speech classification, most “coronaspeak” compounds and blends are nouns. Of special interest are a group of “coronapuns”, which have demonstrated pragmatic potential.

scholarly journals The Ancient Greek adjective: semantic and grammatical features

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Genus Number

The article reveals the essence of an Ancient Greek adjective as a separate part of speech. Thus, the substantive nature of an adjective was examined, including the historical process of its separation as an independent part of speech, with a consequent emphasis on the inseparability of adjectives and nouns by external signs in Ancient Greek. The analysis of the Greek adjectives was made on the grounds of their semantics, morphological features, syntactic functions. The semantic analysis was based on the studying of such concepts as the categorial, word-building and lexical meaning. The categorial meaning is the attribution of an adjective. The smaller semantic-grammatical groups (qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives) were learnt with regard to word formation and lexical motivation. Word-building and lexical meanings were studied basing on the division of adjectives into primary units and derivatives. The meaning of a derivative is interpreted both: due to the analysis of its structure (paying a special attention to the compound units, which are mainly formed on the basis of word combinations), and due as to the relation (strong, weak, metaphorical) of the general meaning of a derivative with the meaning of its components. The word-formation meaning of such units, therefore, is syntagmatic. Their lexical semantics depend also on the context. The basic morphological categories of genus, number and case of a Greek adjective simultaneously indicates its semantic dependence on a noun. The category of degrees of comparison was analyzed on terms of morphological means and such syntactic features as left/right-side valence. The main primary (an attribute) and the secondary (as a predicative) syntactic adjective functions are equally realized in preposition or postposition to the noun in Ancient Greek.

scholarly journals Shifting the system of Indonesian word formation: the study of morphology and sociolinguistics of acronyms, blending, and clipping

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zaim
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
New Words ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Formation System ◽  
New System ◽  
The Way

The general guidelines of Indonesian word formation as annexed in appendix II of thereference standard of the Indonesian Grammar has not yet accommodated theIndonesian word formation system used by the Indonesian speakers today.Meanwhile, a new system of word formation began to emerge and the old paradigmshift in conjunction with the development of science and technology, and the changeof social, cultural, and political paradigm. As a result, the reference standard ofIndonesian grammar is no longer adequate to understand the system of the formationof the new words. Morphological studies, which analyze the internal structure of thewords can be used as a theoretical foundation to address the issues of the Indonesianword formation. From the other side, sociolinguistic studies, which analyze the link oflanguage with the language speakers in the community, can give meaning to the wordformation shift. This article discusses (1) the morphological shift of the Indonesianword formation system of acronyms, blending, and clipping, (2) the sociolinguisticfunctions of the word formation, and (3) the productivity of the word formationsystem. The study of the shift of word formation system revealed a shift in the way ofthinking and the way of looking at social, cultural, and political problems of theIndonesian speakers nowadays.

scholarly journals On Word ‘Fake’ and What Is Behind It

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (33) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Luciński
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Russian Soil

The paper focuses on a loanword borrowed from the English language “fake” that became very popular in the Russian soil. The author shows the derivational abilities of a word leading to the formation of new words that belong to the other parts of speech: a verb “фейковать”, an adjective “фейковый”, a noun “фейковость”. Every part of speech is analysed on the basis of paradigmatic relations, in which the word is involved, along with its sociolinguistic characteristics such as the field of use and social strata to which the native speakers belong. The author does not limit himself to an ordinary linguistic description of this loanword and its sense-correlates; instead the author tries to present socio-cultural peculiarities of reality that made possible a wide use of this loanword borrowed from the English language. 

scholarly journals Word-formation of compound nouns with a subordinate connection in the Erzya and Hungarian languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
T. P. Ariskina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Agglutinative Languages ◽  
Russian Dictionary

Introduction: at present the oldest and most productive way of word formation – stem-composition in agglutinative languages – lies in the basis of the processes of formation of the grammatical system. Therefore, the study of new words, created in this way, is a relevant topic. It is especially important to pay attention to historical and comparative stemcomposition, which can serve as a good basis for expanding theoretical knowledge and activation of typological research in word formation. Objective: based on the methods of statistical analysis, to identify common and different features in the ways of formation of compound nouns based on the subordinate connection in the Erzya and Hungarian languages. Research materials: bilingual dictionaries: Erzya-Russian (edited by B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova M. V. Mosin) and Hungarian-Russian by L. Gáldi and P. Uzonyi.,Results and novelty of the research: in the Erzya and Hungarian languages, the formation of compound nouns on the basis of a subordinate connection is a productive way of word formation. Determinatives (or composites) are formed by attaching the main form of a defining noun to a defined noun. They are classified according to belonging of the first component to a part of speech. The largest group is compound words with the first noun component. It is productive to use an adjective as the first component of the name. A group of words, where the first component is a participle, an adverb, or a numeral name is small. In the Erzya language, there are few compound nouns consisting of three components, whereas in the Hungarian language it is a large group. In the process of word formation, morphological changes can be observed. The scientific novelty of the research is the detailed analysis of compound nouns based on the base of a subordinate connection in the Erzya and Hungarian languages on the material of dictionaries: Erzyan-ruzon valks = Erzya-Russian dictionary, Magyar-orosz szótár = Hungarian-Russian dictionary.

scholarly journals Chinese Affixes and Word Formation

Humaniora ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Fu Ruomei
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Chinese Word ◽  
Additional Component ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Variation Part

Chinese language is one of the typical isolated languages. It lacks morphological variation; part of speech has no morphological signs; the additional component of word formation is less; and the roots never change their forms. The major method of Chinese word formation is the combination of roots according to certain grammatical relations. Although the affix word formation is not part of mainstream Chinese word formation, affix-formation is still an integral part of the Chinese word-formation. Article used literature review, summarized the types and meanings of Chinese affixes. And meanwhile, article analyzed word formation function of Chinese Affixes and quasi-affixes. The Chinese quasi-affixes have stronger capabilities in forming new words, but development direction of Chinese quasi-affixes has to stand the test of time.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF COMPOSITES IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
И.Н. Цаллагова
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Complex Words

Образование композитов происходит путем сложения не просто корней или основ, а слов, каждое из которых имеет свое лексическое значение. Семантическая структура композита основывается на лексических значениях составляющих его компонентов. В ходе словообразовательного акта происходит грамматическое и семантическое сращение двух слов. Однако выбор той или иной лексемы в качестве компонента композита для наименования того или иного предмета, процесса или признака не может быть случайным, иначе говоря, компоненты композитов обладают определенным типом сочетаемости. Следует отметить, что вопросы, связанные с семантической структурой сложных слов, чрезвычайно актуальны в современной лингвистике. Это обусловлено тем, что композитное образование представляет собой отражение ассоциативного мышления человека. Семантическая структура композитных конструкций определяется мотивированностью лексических единиц, участвующих в их образовании. Лексическое значение композита формируется исходя из семантики образующих его лексем, однако, оно имеет свойство выходить за рамки суммы значений компонентов. Целью данного исследования является функциональный анализ компонентов, участвующих в образовании композитов в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка. Комплексный подход к исследуемому материалу обусловил необходимость использования таких методов, как: описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный, компонентный, статистический. В данной статье рассмотрена морфологическая структура сложных существительных в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка; выявлены основные словообразовательные модели сложных существительных, проведен их частеречный анализ; определена типология отношений между компонентами с учетом степени продуктивности; рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с семантической структурой сложных слов. The formation of composites implies not only uniting roots or stems, but words as well, each of which has its own lexical meaning. The semantic structure of a composite is based on the lexical meanings of its constituent components. In the course of the word-formation act, the grammatical and semantic fusion of two words occurs. However, the choice of one or another lexeme as a component of a composite for the name of a particular object, process, or feature cannot be accidental, in other words, the components of composites have a certain type of compatibility.It should be noted that issues related to the semantic structure of complex words are extremely relevant in modern linguistics. This is due to the fact that formation of compositesis reflection of a person's associative thinking. The semantic structure of composite structures is determined by the motivation of the lexical units involved in their formation. The lexical meaning of a composite is formed on the basis of the semantics of the lexemes that form it, however, it tends to go beyond the sum of the values ​​of the components. The purpose of this study is a functional analysis of the components involved in the formation of composites in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language.An integrated approach to the material under study necessitated the use of methods such as: descriptive, comparative, component, statistical. This article examines the morphological structure of complex nouns in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language; the main word-formation models of complex nouns are revealed, their part-of-speech analysis is carried out; the typology of relations between the components isdefined, taking into account the degree of productivity; the issues related to the semantic structure of complex words are considered.

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