scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF COMPOSITES IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
И.Н. Цаллагова
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Complex Words

Образование композитов происходит путем сложения не просто корней или основ, а слов, каждое из которых имеет свое лексическое значение. Семантическая структура композита основывается на лексических значениях составляющих его компонентов. В ходе словообразовательного акта происходит грамматическое и семантическое сращение двух слов. Однако выбор той или иной лексемы в качестве компонента композита для наименования того или иного предмета, процесса или признака не может быть случайным, иначе говоря, компоненты композитов обладают определенным типом сочетаемости. Следует отметить, что вопросы, связанные с семантической структурой сложных слов, чрезвычайно актуальны в современной лингвистике. Это обусловлено тем, что композитное образование представляет собой отражение ассоциативного мышления человека. Семантическая структура композитных конструкций определяется мотивированностью лексических единиц, участвующих в их образовании. Лексическое значение композита формируется исходя из семантики образующих его лексем, однако, оно имеет свойство выходить за рамки суммы значений компонентов. Целью данного исследования является функциональный анализ компонентов, участвующих в образовании композитов в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка. Комплексный подход к исследуемому материалу обусловил необходимость использования таких методов, как: описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный, компонентный, статистический. В данной статье рассмотрена морфологическая структура сложных существительных в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка; выявлены основные словообразовательные модели сложных существительных, проведен их частеречный анализ; определена типология отношений между компонентами с учетом степени продуктивности; рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с семантической структурой сложных слов. The formation of composites implies not only uniting roots or stems, but words as well, each of which has its own lexical meaning. The semantic structure of a composite is based on the lexical meanings of its constituent components. In the course of the word-formation act, the grammatical and semantic fusion of two words occurs. However, the choice of one or another lexeme as a component of a composite for the name of a particular object, process, or feature cannot be accidental, in other words, the components of composites have a certain type of compatibility.It should be noted that issues related to the semantic structure of complex words are extremely relevant in modern linguistics. This is due to the fact that formation of compositesis reflection of a person's associative thinking. The semantic structure of composite structures is determined by the motivation of the lexical units involved in their formation. The lexical meaning of a composite is formed on the basis of the semantics of the lexemes that form it, however, it tends to go beyond the sum of the values ​​of the components. The purpose of this study is a functional analysis of the components involved in the formation of composites in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language.An integrated approach to the material under study necessitated the use of methods such as: descriptive, comparative, component, statistical. This article examines the morphological structure of complex nouns in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language; the main word-formation models of complex nouns are revealed, their part-of-speech analysis is carried out; the typology of relations between the components isdefined, taking into account the degree of productivity; the issues related to the semantic structure of complex words are considered.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF THE REPRESENTATIVE COMPONENTS OF THE WORDS IN THE ASPECT OF CONTEXTUAL SEMANTICS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Б. МОРГОЕВА ◽  
И.Н. ЦАЛЛАГОВА
Keyword(s):  
Component Composition ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Special Studies

В работе рассматриваются препозиционные словообразовательные элементы, склонные к самостоятельному лексическому значению и обнаруживающие формально-грамматические пересечения с некоторыми морфологическими классами в осетинском языке. Тесная морфолого-синтаксическая связь слов становится мотивирующим признаком при образовании новых лексических образований, статус которых требует специальных исследований и определения их компонентного состава. Лексический состав современного осетинского языка в обеих его диалектных формах содержит изрядное количество сложных слов с одинаковыми начальными компонентами, обнаруживающих частичную утрату собственного лексического значения и потому не способных отвечать требованиям композитного образования. Анализ таких препозиционных элементов, не имеющих до сих пор однозначно определенного статуса, показал их способность к функционированию в составе слова в качестве полноценных префиксов, поскольку их семантическое значение сводится к указанию направления или местоположения объектов по отношению друг к другу. Их усеченная форма, стремительная утрата собственной семантики и словообразовательная активность способствуют укреплению их префиксального статуса. Прогнозируемая востребованность этих препозиционных единиц связана с развитием публицистического и официально-делового стилей осетинского языка. Препозиционные элементы, выступающие в качестве эмоционально-оценочных интенсификаторов мотивирующего компонента в составе лексического образования, нами классифицируются как префиксоиды. Сохраняя собственное лексическое значение при самостоятельном функционировании, такие элементы активизируют коннотативные смыслы того слова, с которым вступают в словообразовательные отношения. Семантические особенности, которыми способны наделять слово выявленные префиксоиды, ограничивают сферу употребления в рамках тех стилевых раз­новидностей, в которых предполагается образность и эмоциональная оценочность. The paper considers prepositional word-formation elements, prone to independent lexical meaning and revealing formal-grammatical intersections with some morphological classes in the Ossetian language. The close morphological and syntactic connection of words becomes a motivating sign in the formation of new lexical formations, the status of which requires special studies and determination of their component composition. The lexical composition of the modern Ossetian language in both its dialect forms contains a fair amount of complex words with the same initial components, revealing a partial loss of their own lexical meaning and therefore not able to meet the requirements of composite education. An analysis of such prepositional elements, which still do not have a uniquely defined status, showed their ability to function as part of a word as full-fledged prefixes, since their semantic meaning reduces to indicating the direction or location of objects with respect to each other. Their truncated form, the rapid loss of their own semantics and word-formation activity contribute to the strengthening of their prefix status. The predicted demand for these prepositional units is associated with the development of the journalistic and official business styles of the Ossetian language. Prepositional elements, acting as emotional-evaluative intensifiers of the motivating component in the lexical education, we classify as prefixoids. Preserving their own lexical meaning during independent functioning, such elements activate the connotative meanings of the word with which they enter into word-formation relations. The semantic features that the identified prefixoids are able to endow with the word limit the scope of use within the framework of those stylistic varieties in which imagery and emotional appraisal are assumed.

scholarly journals Patterns of semantics forming for the -out component 
in verb-adverbial compounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Oksana V.  Koryazhkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
General Semantic ◽  
Contextual Meaning

Despite the fact that the issues of word-formation semantics were widely covered, not enough attention was paid to possible differences in the nature of the derived word at the level of the system language and speech. In this article, the issues of derivation are considered from the cognitive point of view on the example of the mechanism of formation of the actual meanings of the component -out in verb-adverbial compounds The aim of the study is to present the lexical meaning of the satellite -out not as a list of lexico-semantic variants, as is customary in the traditional semantic approach, but as a cluster of the most general semantic features necessary for understanding the speech context. The analysis shows that behind the entire semantic structure of the adverbial component -out is the invariant «beyond the limits of a container», as a set of the most stable semantic features that are fixed in the language consciousness of a native speaker and in one of their configurations participate in the process of decoding a specific contextual meaning in accordance with the intuition of the average native speaker. This cluster of features is the system meaning of the word. It corresponds to the verbalized concept, not given directly, but only inferred from the processes of speech on the basis of the word form and in terms of the conditions of consituations.

scholarly journals Pembentukan dan Makna Kata Majemuk antara Onomatope dan Bagian Tubuh Manusia dalam Bahasa Jepang di Media Sosial Twitter

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Ayu Devi Pragasuri ◽  
Ngurah Indra Pradhana ◽  
I Made Budiana
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Composition Process

The title of this research is “Formation and Meaning of Compound Words from Onomatopoeia and Human Body Parts in Japanese on Social Media Twitter”. This research focuses on the forming process and meaning of compound words from onomatopoeia and human body parts in Japanese on social media twitter. This research was analysed by using formal and informal method. Compound words formation analysis used word formation theory from Kageyama and Kishimoto (2016) and the meaning of compound words analysis used semantic theory from Chaer (2012) and characteristic of Japanese onomatopoeia from Akimoto (2002). The result of this research is on the 25 data was analyzed, there are 14 data formed from the composition process and 11 data formed from the composition process followed by the shortening process of the words and part of speech classification in all data has changed. For the meaning, 22 data have grammatical meaning and 3 data have lexical meaning and all data have derivative meaning from the basic onomatopoeia.

scholarly journals Real-time Functional Architecture of Visual Word Recognition

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Whiting ◽  
Yury Shtyrov ◽  
William Marslen-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Complex Words

Despite a century of research into visual word recognition, basic questions remain unresolved about the functional architecture of the process that maps visual inputs from orthographic analysis onto lexical form and meaning and about the units of analysis in terms of which these processes are conducted. Here we use magnetoencephalography, supported by a masked priming behavioral study, to address these questions using contrasting sets of simple (walk), complex (swimmer), and pseudo-complex (corner) forms. Early analyses of orthographic structure, detectable in bilateral posterior temporal regions within a 150–230 msec time frame, are shown to segment the visual input into linguistic substrings (words and morphemes) that trigger lexical access in left middle temporal locations from 300 msec. These are primarily feedforward processes and are not initially constrained by lexical-level variables. Lexical constraints become significant from 390 msec, in both simple and complex words, with increased processing of pseudowords and pseudo-complex forms. These results, consistent with morpho-orthographic models based on masked priming data, map out the real-time functional architecture of visual word recognition, establishing basic feedforward processing relationships between orthographic form, morphological structure, and lexical meaning.

scholarly journals CONVERSION AND COMPOUND MODELS OF RELIGIOUS VOCABULARY FORMATION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Boichuk M.I.
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The Relationship

The article outlines the concept of “conversion”, which is defined as an affixless, derivational way of word formation, in which a new word formed from another part of the language does not acquire an external word-forming rearrangement. The concept of “word formation” has also been analyzed and the phonetic component of compounds of religious vocabulary characterized. The structural classification has been distinguished taking into account the structure of compoundings. It has been found that among the layer of religious vocabulary derivational connections of conversion occur between two, three or more words, and the main ways of direction of this process have been identified. Five main models of conversion of lexical units of the religious sphere have been determined, such as: Noun – Verb, which further is divided into three categories, Verb – Noun, Adjective – Noun, Noun – Adjective, Adjective – Verb. The process of substantivization of religious vocabulary as a variant of conversion has also been analyzed. Under substantivization we understand the process of changing the paradigm of the basic word and a part of speech. Analysis of religious vocabulary shows that the transition is from adjectives to nouns, the first acquires the characteristic features of the latter.The article presents an analysis of religious vocabulary based on the dictionary of O. O. Azarov “Comprehensive English-Russian dictionary of religious terminology” which allows to identify such productive models of word formation of religious vocabulary in English: Noun + Noun, Noun + Participle, Adjective + Noun, Noun + Preposition + Noun, Participle + Noun, Pronoun + Noun, Adjective + Participle. These models are most actively involved in the creation of religious vocabulary in English, as they have the largest number of words in their structure. Compounds of religious lexis are divided into root compounds and compound derivatives, the structural integrity of which allows to distinguish them from phrases. Considering the components of compound words, the main element can be both the first and second part. According to the relationship between the components, compounds are divided into endocentric and exocentric types. The first is expressed by a compound word, the meaning of which is derived from the sum of the meanings of the compound’s components, the latter includes complex words, the meaning of which is not determined by any of its constituent elements. Among the layer of religious vocabulary of the English language we distinguish the following endocentric models: Adj + N = N, V + N = N, Part I + N = N, Ger + N = N, N + N = N and exocentric models: Participle + N = Adj, N+Pro.=Adj, V+Prep.=N, Adv+Participle=Adj.Key words:compounding, endocentric and exocentric compound words, substantivization, conversion. У статті обґрунтовано поняття «конверсія», яке визначається як безафіксальний, дериваційний спосіб словотвору, за якого нове слово, що утворюється з іншої частини мови, не набуває зовнішньої словотвірної перебудови. Також у роботі проаналізовано поняття «словоскладання», охарактеризовано фонетичний складник композитів релігійної лексики та виділено структурну класифікацію з урахуванням структури композитів складених слів. З’ясовано, що серед пласту релігійної лексики конверсивні дериваційні зв’язки відбуваються між двома, трьома та більшою кількістю слів, та визначено основні способи спрямованості цього процесу. Виділяємо п’ять основних моделей конверсії лексичних одиниць релігійної сфери: Noun – Verb, яка своєю чергою поділяється на три категорії, Verb – Noun, Adjective – Noun, Noun – Adjective, Adjective – Verb. Також проаналізовано процес субстантивації релігійної лексики як варіант конверсії. Під субстантивацією розуміємо процес зміни парадигми твірного слова й частини мови. Аналіз релігійної лексики показує, що перехід відбувається від прикметників у іменники, прикметник набуває характерних ознак іменника. У статті представлено аналіз релігійної лексики на основі словника О.О. Азарова «Большой англо-русский словарь религиозной лексики», який дає змогу виокремити такі продуктивні моделі словоскладання релігійної лексики в англійській мові: Noun + Noun, Noun + Participle, Adjective + Noun, Noun + Preposition + Noun, Participle + Noun, Pronoun + Noun, Adjective + Participle.Ці моделі беруть найактивнішу участь у творенні релігійної лексики в англійській мові, оскільки налічують найбільшу кількість слів у своїй структурі. Композити релігійної лексики поділяються на власне складні та склад-нопохідні, структурна цілісність яких дозволяє відмежувати їх від словосполучень. Щодо компонентів складних слів, то головним елементом може бути як перша, так і друга частина. Відповідно до відносин між компонентами складні слова поділяються на ендоцентричний та екзоцентричний типи. Перший виражається складним словом, значення якого виводиться із суми значень компонентів композита, до останнього відносяться складні слова, значення яких не визначається жодним із його складових елементів. Серед пласту релігійної лексики англійської мови виокремлюємо такі ендоцентричні моделі: Adj + N = N, V + N = N, Part I + N = N, Ger + N = N, N + N = N та екзоцентричні моделі: Participle + N = Adj, N+Pro.=Adj, V+Prep.=N, Adv+Participle=Adj.Ключові слова:словоскладання, ендоцентричні та екзоцентричні складні слова, субстантивація, конверсія.

scholarly journals Medical terms with components hepat-, hepatic(o)-hepat(o)- and liver in modern Ukrainian language

2017 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Halyna Hermanovych
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Lexical Items

Ukrainian medical terms-composites with international components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver have been studied in the article. The problem of their interchange has been brought up. It has been defined their productivity and word formation mobility. The outlook of the article is that the terms with somatic components need further studying their productivity and mobility. One of the biggest Ukrainian term systems is medical terminology. Its development has been caused by granting the Ukrainian language official status. The question of use of a term continue to be relevant today because medical terminology has not been studied enough as medical practice shows, for this reason physicians, scientists are trying to regiment and improve medical dictionaries, appealing for a help to linguists. General issues of formation of medical terms were and are important because most of them are loan words usually come from the Latin and Greek languages. The basis for professional language of a medical worker is a use of professional terms of a high level of standardization, accuracy of formations, relevance and logic presentation. Medical lexis is one of the oldest term systems. It was formed both on the world and own language basis. Development and improvement of medical terminology can be observed through scientific papers, professional textbooks, and medical dictionaries. The aim of the article: to characterize Ukrainian medical terms with somatic components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver according to semantic groups and relations; to identify their word formation mobility in the modern Ukrainian literary language. The object of research – medical terms with somatic components. The subject of research – their lexical and semantic features, peculiarities of terms with borrowing and national components. The material was taken from: “Dorlan’d Illustrated Medical Dictionary” (2007), “Ukrainian-Latin-English Explanatory Dictionary” edited by M.Pavlovskyi, L.Petruh, I.Holovko (1995), “Explanatory Dictionary of Medical terms” edited by N. Lytvynenko, N.Misnyk (2010), “New Dictionary of Loan Words” edited by L.Shevchenko, O.Niky, O.Khomyak, A.Demyanyuk (2008) and “ Dictionary of foreign words” by P.Shtep (1977). Urgency of the research of terms with somatic components has been caused by the need to establish the specificity of somatic symbols and term composites and identify lexical and syntactic features words of such components. It is necessary to note that at the modern stage in the Ukrainian medical language there are medical terms that are made up of international term elements of Greek or Latin origin, as well as Ukrainian origin. Lexical items with somatic components exist only in the medical field. Somatic international components include: cardi(o)-, hema(o)-, hemat(o)-, ot(o)-, ophtalm(o), psych(o)-, hepat(o)-, hepatic(o)- and others. In the Ukrainian language such correspondent terms are: heart, blood, ear, eye, head, liver and others. Among the somatic components one can meet such archaisms as: mouth, forehead, finger. Thus, words of the somatic components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and Ukrainian equivalent liver indicate: processes; names of diseases; belonging to the liver or action on it; people by profession, people; names of science; cell, classes. Studied terms mainly correspond to these features because they are relevant to the concepts they indicate; also they are included into medical terminology, have clear definitions in the dictionary, they are stylistically neutral, but some of them do not meet monosemy (polysemy of such lexical terms are given) and synonymy (synonyms are given both for words of foreign origin and their Ukrainian equivalents). This can be explained by the fact that these requirements are desirable rather than real. Foreign language terms always look for equivalents among national lexical items. And polysemy shows the development of speech-term, but over time one of the definitions can get a new nomination. Components hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- can not be combined directly with Ukrainian word stems and roots. Most components are components of foreign origin with particular lexical meaning which is preserved wholly or partly in derivative words. Words with hepat-, hepatic(o)-, hepat(o)- and liver are not interchangeable. Samolysova A. and A. Nikolaev noted that “professional terminology should be unified and brought up to a user in a form that would require the least effort to use.” Medicine does not stay still, new methods of diagnosing diseases, alternative methods of treatment appear, so a need arises in formation of new terms, and unification of their grammatical structure. Medical terminology is a common goal both and medical workers and linguists. Let’s work on creating a generalized medical nomenclature.

scholarly journals Analyzing the group of words formed from the verb stopiti ‘to step’

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kern
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Formation Stage

This article analyzes the group of words formed from the verb stopiti ‘to step’. The methodological premise of the analysis is multistage word formation, which deals with derivatives from the same base root within the same lexical meaning. It shows the number of derivatives by individual word-formational group and their part of speech (both in general and by individual word-formation stage), the load of word-formational models, and the structure of the word-formation subgroups. The purpose of this article is to establish the properties of forming words from the verb stopiti or its word-formation productivity.

scholarly journals The Ancient Greek adjective: semantic and grammatical features

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Genus Number

The article reveals the essence of an Ancient Greek adjective as a separate part of speech. Thus, the substantive nature of an adjective was examined, including the historical process of its separation as an independent part of speech, with a consequent emphasis on the inseparability of adjectives and nouns by external signs in Ancient Greek. The analysis of the Greek adjectives was made on the grounds of their semantics, morphological features, syntactic functions. The semantic analysis was based on the studying of such concepts as the categorial, word-building and lexical meaning. The categorial meaning is the attribution of an adjective. The smaller semantic-grammatical groups (qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives) were learnt with regard to word formation and lexical motivation. Word-building and lexical meanings were studied basing on the division of adjectives into primary units and derivatives. The meaning of a derivative is interpreted both: due to the analysis of its structure (paying a special attention to the compound units, which are mainly formed on the basis of word combinations), and due as to the relation (strong, weak, metaphorical) of the general meaning of a derivative with the meaning of its components. The word-formation meaning of such units, therefore, is syntagmatic. Their lexical semantics depend also on the context. The basic morphological categories of genus, number and case of a Greek adjective simultaneously indicates its semantic dependence on a noun. The category of degrees of comparison was analyzed on terms of morphological means and such syntactic features as left/right-side valence. The main primary (an attribute) and the secondary (as a predicative) syntactic adjective functions are equally realized in preposition or postposition to the noun in Ancient Greek.

scholarly journals Topic: A Linguistic Study of the English Allomorphs il, ir, im, in and their Albanian equivalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 7028-7039
Author(s):  
Olsa Xhina
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
First Sound ◽  
Formation System ◽  
European Family

Although the Albanian and English languages both belong to the Indo-European family of languages, they are obviously different in terms of their morphological structure, word-formation system, especially in the type of prefixation, which is the focus of our study. Allomorphs, which can be found in both languages, are widely known as specific types of morphemes which are either morphologically or phonologically conditioned. Thus, the English prefix in- has allomorphs such as im-, ir-, il depending on the first sound of the base to which the prefix is added. If the first sound is p, b, m, the realization is im as in words like improper, imperfect, imbalance etc., but ir- with the sound /r/ as in irregular, and il- with the sound /l/ as in illegible. This paper aims at comparing the paradigmatic group of formations with prefixes il, ir, im, in in both English and Albanian. The study analyses the linguistic, morphological and semantic features they share and those that make them different by comparing and illustrating. The study is based on a practical lexical glossary.   Aunque las lenguas albanesa e inglesa pertenecen a la familia de lenguas indoeuropeas, son obviamente diferentes en cuanto a su estructura morfológica, sistema de formación de palabras, especialmente en el tipo de prefijación, que es el foco de nuestro estudio. Los alomorfos, que se encuentran en ambas lenguas, son ampliamente conocidos como tipos específicos de morfemas que están condicionados morfológica o fonológicamente. Así, el prefijo inglés in- tiene alomorfos como im-, ir-, il dependiendo del primer sonido de la base a la que se añade el prefijo. Si el primer sonido es p, b, m, la realización es im como en palabras como impropio, imperfecto, desequilibrio, etc., pero ir- con el sonido /r/ como en irregular, e il- con el sonido /l/ como en ilegible. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar el grupo paradigmático de formaciones con prefijos il, ir, im, tanto en inglés como en albanés. El estudio analiza los rasgos lingüísticos, morfológicos y semánticos que comparten y los que los diferencian comparándolos e ilustrándolos. El estudio se basa en un glosario léxico práctico.

scholarly journals On the opposite directions of semantic motivation in adjective / adverb derivational pairs in russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Medvedieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
Concrete Object ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Derivation ◽  
Semantic Aspect ◽  
Modern Russian

The paper analyses semantic relationships in adjective / adverb (ending in –о) derivational pairs in the Modern Russian language in terms of the direction of their motivation. The adverbial element in the derivational pairs is represented by adverbs describing the manner of an action. Derivational pairs such as острый – остро, быстрый – быстро refer to syntactic derivation and include words with the same lexical meaning. Thus, the direction of semantic motivation is irrelevant in this case, and adverbs are seen as derivatives on the basis of their formal compoundness. This approach prevents differentiation of derivational pairs in which the nature of semantic relationships between elements in the pair differ. However, the differentiation is possible if 1) the meanings of the related adjectives and adverbs are seen as close, but not the same; 2) in word comparison, the criterion of conformity / non-conformity of their lexical semantics with the categorial meaning of the part of speech is applied. This criterion, which is well-established in the pairs of ‘бежать – бег, острый – острота’ type in connection with the notion of folded proposition and which underlies the differentiation of isosemic and non-isosemic subclasses of nouns, is not easily extrapolated to the derivational pairs where both words have the categorial meaning of a modifier. Even so, correlating the lexical meanings of adjectives with modifying an object and the lexical meanings of adverbs with modifying an action reveals derivational pairs with opposite directions of semantic motivation. Forming adverbs from adjectives is a common direction in the pairs where the adjective describes an innate feature of the object, e.g. the shape, size, colour, etc., and the adverb describes the action not by its own characteristics, but by relating to the relevant feature of the object: острый нож → остро наточить нож meaning ‘так, что нож острый’. Forming adjectives from adverbs is a normal direction in the pairs where the adverb gives a characteristic of the action, e.g. speed or other peculiarities of the action unfolding in time, while the adjective renders a feature of an abstract action: быстро бежать → быстрый бег, meaning ‘такой, который происходит быстро’. Diachronically, derivational and semantic motivation is generated from the feature of a concrete object: быстрый конь → быстро бежит → быстрый бег, but in Modern Russian, the latter is primary, while быстрый конь comes secondary and is motivated by the meaning of the adverb. The indirect proof that in some pairs the adjective is the base, while in others it is the adverb can be given by the correlation of frequency scores of elements in the derivational pairs, i.e. in the derivational pairs of ‘острый → остро, крупный → крупно’ type, adjectives are more frequent, and in the derivational pairs of ‘быстро → быстрый, внезапно → внезапный’ type, adverbs show higher frequency. The analysis shows the need for further research of the semantic aspect of word-formation relationships between words with the categorial meaning of a modifier.

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