scholarly journals Providing Qard Hasan from Zakat Fund for Non-Recipients of Zakat: A Shariah Analysis Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-105
Author(s):  
Habeebullah Zakariyah ◽  
Mansab Mahsen Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Second Opinion ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Inductive Methods ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam, it is considered as Islamic financial system. The paper aims at discussing the opinions of Muslim scholars regarding the permissibility of granting a soft loan from the Zakat sources; by spending their resources in ways that are not specified by the Qur’an, and the Sunnah. The research methodology applied in this paper is analytical and inductive methods which are adopted to study the view of classical and contemporary scholars, and to analyzing the views of advanced and contemporary jurists. Muslim scholars have different opinions regarding the permissibility of granting a soft loan from the Zakat sources based to various doctrines as follows: the first opinion States that it is permissible to grant soft loan using zakat revenues; this opinion was supported by Al-Maududi, Abdulrahman khalaf and Abu-Zuhra among others. The Second opinion says that it is forbidden to grant soft loan using zakat revenues; this was seconded by Rafiq Yunuss, Jadal Al-hāqī and others. The Third opinion states that it is permissible to grant soft loan using zakat revenues with specific conditions. The proponents of this were Abu satar, Muḥāmād Azukheil and among others. The study concludes with major results as follows: It is not permissible to use zakat revenues without specific aims set up for it; because it is violation of the Quranic text and the intent of Islamic Sharia of Zakat expenditures. The paper recommended to Zakat institutions to establish a fund to povide Qard Hasan to non Zakat recipients.

Excavations at Fishbourne, 1963. Third Interim Report

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Interim Report ◽  
The West ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
North West ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
Set Up

Early in 1963 much of the land occupied by the Roman building at Fishbourne was purchased by Mr. I. D. Margary, M.A., F.S.A., and was given to the Sussex Archaeological Trust. The Fishbourne Committee of the trust was set up to administer the future of the site. The third season's excavation, carried out at the desire of this committee, was again organized by the Chichester Civic Society.1 About fifty volunteers a day were employed from 24th July to 3rd September. Excavation concentrated upon three main areas; the orchard south of the east wing excavated in 1962, the west end of the north wing, and the west wing. In addition, trial trenches were dug at the north-east and north-west extremities of the building and in the area to the north of the north wing. The work of supervision was carried out by Miss F. Pierce, M.A., Mr. B. Morley, Mr. A. B. Norton, B.A., and Mr. J. P. Wild, B.A. Photography was organized by Mr. D. B. Baker and Mrs. F. A. Cunliffe took charge of the pottery and finds.

Translator and translation research: general descriptions of concepts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darian Jancowicz-Pitel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Third ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Translation Errors ◽  
Multiple Languages

The presented paper aimed for exploring the translation process, a translator or interpreter needs equipment or tools so that the objectives of a translation can be achieved. If an interpreter needs a pencil, paper, headphones, and a mic, then an interpreter needs even more tools. The tools required include conventional and modern tools. Meanwhile, the approach needed in research on translation is qualitative and quantitative, depending on the research objectives. If you want to find a correlation between a translator's translation experience with the quality or type of translation errors, a quantitative method is needed. Also, this method is very appropriate to be used in research in the scope of teaching translation, for example from the student's point of view, their level of intelligence regarding the quality or translation errors. While the next method is used if the research contains translation errors, procedures, etc., it is more appropriate to use qualitative methods. Seeing this fact, these part-time translators can switch to the third type of translator, namely free translators. This is because there is an awareness that they can live by translation. These translators set up their translation efforts that involve multiple languages.

scholarly journals Epigraphic Squeezes: Digitisation, Publication, and Enhancement

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Eloisa Paganoni
Keyword(s):  
Relational Database ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Database Architecture ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Greek Epigraphy

"Epigraphic squeezes are a key tool for research and teaching. They also have historical and documentary value. They are reliable copies of inscribed text and become the only evidence that remains if inscriptions are lost or destroyed. This paper describes the Venice Squeeze Project for the preservation and enhancement of epigraphic squeezes in the Department of Humanities at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. For the initial phase of the project, the Ca’ Foscari University collection of epigraphic squeezes was published in the digital ektypotheke E-stampages. The current phase involves developing a web application to digitise epigraphic squeezes according to the metadata architecture of E-stampages. The first part of this paper describes the background of the Venice Squeeze Project and methodological issues, which fostered the partnership with E-stampages. The second part describes the relational database that was set up to digitise the Ca’ Foscari collection. The third part introduces the project initiatives to promote a network of Italian institutions interested in digitizing their collections of epigraphic squeezes. Keywords: Greek epigraphy, squeezes, database architecture"

scholarly journals Politik Islam di Indonesia: Ideologi, Transformasi dan Prospek dalam Proses Politik Terkini

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulifan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This study examines the correlation between Islamic doctrine of the concept of state and government system with the ambition of some Muslims to revive sharia values in a country. Literature research methodology is employed to explore ideas of Islamic political thinkers, ranging from classical and medieval, era such as al-Farabi, al-Mawardi, Ibn Taymiyyah, to the modern era and contemporary scholars, such as al-Attas, Fazlur Rahman, and Arkoun. The validity of the democratic system and the form of an ideal state for Muslims are debatable among Muslim scholars. The concept of civil society that becomes a manifestation of civil society is believed to have been practiced in the historical period of Islamic government.

scholarly journals REALITY, DREAM AND FANTASY IN THE SELECTION «THE NIGHT OF POLASTRI» BY ALBERT AYGUESPARSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Ярема Кравець
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Francophone Literature ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internal Dialogue ◽  
Light And Shadow ◽  
Voice And Silence

Aim. The paper examines lexico-grammatical and syntactic specificity of the third novelistic collection by Albert Ayguesparse (1900–1996) – one of the more prominent Belgian Francophone writers of the 20th c. It aims at outlining the more important characteristics of individual novellas in the selection, where the reader comes to know the polyphony of the writer’s short prose, moving from Lyrical Realism through tragic episodes of life to the enigmatic and the fantastic. Research methodology. The article employs a systematic approach with the use of literary-historical and comparative methods. On the basis of these two methods, the specificity of the author’s writing, syntactic structure of the text, individualized language of the characters, places of the light-and-shadow, voice-and-silence, life-and-death playing have been determined. Results. The study provides a wider analysis of the selection’s first novella, viz. «Monica sans tête» [«Monica Without the Head»], as well as the novellas «Les Bottes» [«The High Boots»], full of horror stories; «Le Point rouge» [«The Red Spot»], presenting an interest by the functioning of the internal dialogue; the psychological triptych «Les chasses d’Eros» [«The Hunts of Eros»], «Je me nomme Jérôme» [«My Name Is Jérôme»], «Monsieur Oscar» [«Mr. Oscar»], the mystic in its conception novella «Les Survivants» [«Those Who Survived»]. Research novelty. The article is the first in Ukrainian Literary Studies research into the famous Belgian writer’s novellas, with whose novels the Ukrainian reader got acquainted owing to the translation of his work «Notre ombre nous précède» [«Our Shadow’s Ahead»], published in 1984/1985 on the pages of the «Vitchyzna» [«Motherland»] magazine. Practical value. The article may become the basis for a deeper reading of the work of one of the leading representatives of contemporary Belgian Francophone literature, lexical-stylistic features of the writer’s novellas.

The Empirical Research for the Expansion of Chain into the Third and Fourth Tier Cities in Guangdong Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1967-1970
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
De Shan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Power Index ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
County Level ◽  
Scientific Choice ◽  
Retail Chain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Set Up

The Retail Chain Enterprises implement the strategy of channel to sink to set up shops in third and fourth cities. A reasonable and scientific choice of order of priority must be made when the enterprises entering those cities. This article adopts the approach of the Factor Analysis and duster Analysis the analysis 72 cities (including county-level cities) according to purchasing power index, and to explore how Retail Chain Enterprises to make the market of third and fourth their cities in Guangdong province. The conclusion that is the order of decision ——making to enter into the third and fourth tier cities, which has important guiding significance.

Islamic Insurance: National Features and Legal Regulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Renat Bekkin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Islamic Insurance ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The present paper studies Islamic insurance ( takaful ) as opposed to conventional one. The first part of the paper covers, among other things, such issues as the nature and historic roots of Islamic insurance and early forms of Islamic insurance and it narrates the disputes among Muslim scholars concerning the compatibility of insurance with Islamic Shariah. The second part deals with the history and emergence of Islamic insurance in the modern financial market, as well as the practice of Islamic insurance in different countries. The third part discusses the feasibility of Islamic insurance in Russia in the current legal framework. The paper contains a comprehensive glossary of related terms.

scholarly journals The waiting game: How securitization became the solution for the growth problem of the Eurozone

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald Engelen ◽  
Anna Glasmacher
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial System ◽  
European Market ◽  
Growth Problem ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Capital Market

This paper takes a closer look at those parts of the European Commission’s Capital Market Union (CMU) that bear upon the attempt to set up a new market for securitizations, called ‘simple, transparent and standardized securitizations’, in brief STS-securitization. The ‘puzzle’ at its heart is the discrepancy between narratives and content. While the narrative is about the construction of a US-style market-based financial system to overcome the problems of Europe’s bank-based system and help medium-sized enterprises, the first legal initiative aims to create a European market for securitizations, which are a source of funding for large (mortgage) banks and as such are squarely at odds with the headline goals of the Capital Market Union. The paper discusses in detail key passages from the proposal to tease out the discrepancy between story and fact and ventures an explanation based on the identification of the interest coalitions behind the package.

Big Hopes and Trouble, 1961–1969

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-76
Author(s):  
Catriona Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Production Planning ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
The Other ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Film Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
General Director

In 1961, the government bodies responsible for film production (the Ministries of Culture of the USSR and RSFSR) forcibly imposed on a reluctant Lenfilm the complete reorganization of production planning. The old Scripts Department was shut down and three “creative units” set up. This change was pushed through by Lenfilm’s energetic and flamboyant new general director, Ilya Kiselev, who had begun his career as an actor. Of the creative units, the earliest to emerge was the Third Creative Unit, which soon had a role as the flagship of contemporary cinema, a genre heavily promoted during the Thaw. However, the Third Creative Unit ran into increasing trouble as political control tightened after Khrushchev was forced to resign, and in 1969, it was closed down altogether. Yet life was not always calmer in the other units, as witnessed in particular by the difficulties that gripped the Second Creative Unit’s efforts to produce movies commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the October Revolution in 1967, and by the problems of the First Creative Unit in establishing its own character and repertoire. At the same time, the general political line at this period, while unpredictable, was not uniformly harsh, as manifested in the conclusion of Leningrad’s Party leader that audiences could “make up their own mind” about a film he disliked.

The Vigor of Confederacies

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Robin Waterfield
Keyword(s):  
Third Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
The Third ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Familiar Form

The chief way in which the Greeks united in the third century in order to be able to offer resistance to Macedon was by forming large federal states. The two greatest of these were based in Achaea and in Aetolia, but both quickly spread well beyond these ethnic borders. “Aetolia” came to mean almost all of central Greece, and “Achaea” much of the Peloponnese. I discuss the differences between confederacies and the most familiar form of ancient Greek polity, the polis, and show how confederacies gained their strengths, before focusing on the structures set up by the Aetolians and Achaeans. By the time Antigonus came to the Macedonian throne, the Achaeans were on the rise, but the Aetolians were already a powerful threat. They had spearheaded the Greek repulsion of the Celts from central Greece, thus preserving Delphi, the most important of the Greeks’ common religious centers, and they used this as a springboard for further expansion. Antigonus treated them warily throughout his reign.

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