Contemporary Readings of Sahih Al-Bukhari Its Schools, its Starting Points, Examples of its Challenges at Sahih

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 372-402
Author(s):  
Medebbeur Halim
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
The People ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Era

Sahih al-Bukhari is considered the most important hadith reference among Sunnis, and by this the importance of the study related to it appears, and the sahih has been of high standing throughout the ages. But in the modern era, he began to delve into it in terms to the inappropriateness of his hadiths in protest, and this scientific paper will monitor the features of contemporary readings by stating their methods, types, and derivation. The importance of the study: on the one hand the need to know these contemporary reading to monitor them and highlight their role in challenging the Sahih and the Sunnah in general. Methodology of the study: the paper relied on the inductive analytical method by collecting data and analyzing it according to the nature of the study. With the use of the deductive method by taking a comprehensive view of these contemporary readings. Problem the study: what are the most important contemporary readings of Sahih al-Bukhari as a stab and insult? What are types, methods, and derivation of these readings? What are the applied images outlined in the appeal against Sahih al- Bukhari? To answer this, it was necessary to develop five sections. Namely: the status of Sahih al-Bukhari among the people of hadith, the emergence of contemporary readings of Sahih al-Bukhari, the most important contemporary schools of contention in Sahih al-Bukhari, pictures of conclusion with findings and recommendations. The results of the paper are represented in the necessity to pay attention to all the sciences of the Sunnah, to intensify studies on Sahih al- Bukhari, and the call to establish a global scientific center to monitor and confront contemporary readings of the Sunnah.

Buddhist art in the museum as a source base of scientific research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Гарриевна Батырева
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Buddhist Art ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
The One ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

В настоящей статье рассматривается проблема изучения музейной коллекции буддийского изобразительного искусства Калмыкии, а также сохранения художественного наследия в условиях глобализации культур. Автор ставит цель создать научно обоснованные информационные ресурсы на базе исследования музейных коллекций и экспонатов. Информация составляет суть музейного дела, в основе которого лежит научно-исследовательская деятельность, объединяющая сферы комплектования, учета и хранения фондов, с одной стороны, с другой коммуникативная, связанная с экспозиционно-выставочной деятельностью. Исходными в работе музея являются не только сохраняемый фонд, но и сведения об экспонатах, собираемые в процессе комплектования фонда и создания каталога музейного собрания, состоящего из коллекций. Основываясь на богатой традиции описания и каталогизации предметов искусства, а также применяя современные технологии и искусствоведческие методы, стало возможным подготовить и издать научный каталог коллекций основного фонда Музея традиционной культуры имени Зая-пандиты Калмыцкого научного центра РАН. This article discusses the problem of studying the museum collection of Buddhist fine art in Kalmykia, as well as preserving the artistic heritage in the context of globalization of cultures. The author aims to create scientifically based information resources that include research on museum collections and exhibits. Information is the essence of museum business, which is based on research activities that combine the fields of acquisition, accounting and storage of funds, on the one hand, and on the other hand, communicative activities related to exposition and exhibition activities. The initial work of the museum is not only the preserved fund, but also information about the exhibits collected in the process of acquiring the fund and creating a museum collection catalog consisting of collections. The Zaya-Pandita Museum of Traditional Culture of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences stores and presents in the educational sphere multidisciplinary and largely unique information about the cultural heritage of the people. Based on a rich tradition of describing and cataloging objects of art, as well as using modern technologies and art criticism methods, it has become possible to prepare and publish a scientific catalog of the collections of the main fund of the Zaya-Pandita Museum of Traditional Culture.

Marxism, Morality and Ideology the Marxist Moral Paradox and the Struggle for Social Justice

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Mokgethi B.G. Mothlabi
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
The People ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is a certain paradox inherent in Marx's criticism of morality. On the one hand, he rejects morality as a form of bourgeois ideology which serves mainly to justify the status quo. The status quo in question is one which is mainly detrimental to ordinary working people, while favouring property owners as well as owners of the means of production. In this sense Marx's condemnation of morality resembles his condemnation of religion, which he saw as the opium of the people. On the other hand, Marx employs morally significant language to challenge what he regards as the evils of capitalism and their destructive effects on the working class. It becomes clear from all this that capitalism cannot be seen as purely an economic matter. Insofar as it affects the lives and well-being of people, it is also a moral issue and deserves to be judged accordingly. How Marx steers between his seeming rejection of morality and, at the same time, using it to criticise capitalism is the main concern of this article. In the process, Marx's concept of ideology is explained while the focus and motivation of his social critique is also briefly considered.

The People, Rhetoric, and Affect: On the Political Force of Du Bois'sThe Souls of Black Folk

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELVIN L. ROGERS
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Black Folk ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Souls Of Black Folk ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
The One

In recent decades, the concept of “the people” has received sustained theoretical attention. Unfortunately, political theorists have said very little about its explicit or implicit use in thinking about the expansion of the American polity along racial lines. The purpose of this article in taking up this issue is twofold: first, to provide a substantive account of the meaning of “the people”—what I call its descriptive and aspirational dimensions—and second, to use that description as a framework for understanding the rhetorical character of W.E.B. Du Bois's classic work,The Souls of Black Folk, and its relationship to what one might call the cognitive–affective dimension of judgment. In doing so, I argue that as a work of political theory,Soulsdraws a connection between rhetoric, on the one hand, and emotional states such as sympathy and shame, on the other, to enlarge America's political and ethical imagination regarding the status of African-Americans.

REFUGEES AND CONFLICT SITUATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (265) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Review
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Third World ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
The Third ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World

The protection of refugees and displaced persons is guaranteed by many universal and regional instruments of international law. The rules are there, but for several years the humanitarian organizations charged with implementing them have constantly had to face new situations brought about by the scale and frequency of mass population movements, especially in the Third World, and new types of violence which affect both the status and the possibilities for protection of the people concerned. Very often, the solutions arrived at by these bodies have taken the form of assistance rather than protection, the one not always easily distinguishable from the other.

scholarly journals Considerations on General Methodological Assumptions of the Sciences of Sport

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Abstract The considerations included in the article are the result of several years of teaching general methodology for doctoral studies at Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw.The presented text consists of two basic parts. The first includes reminiscences and associated methodological resentment. The second presents a wide panorama of standpoints concerning functions and kinds of hypotheses, their role and significance in contemporary research programs of formal, empirical (connected with natural sciences and biology), and humanities nature. Sketchy and encyclopaedic interpretations, presented in the context of commentaries by the author of this paper, thereby dominate.The aim of the first part is to draw attention to some methodological mistakes which often appear and which have become common in some academic milieus to such a degree that some intervention and postulatory correction, referring to Polish and Western methodological literature, is advisable. These shortcomings are connected, among other things, with the structure of the scientific work, with the formulation and application of hypotheses, with relations taking place between the general methodology and specialized methodologies, kinds and types of research work, with reliability of information on sources of creative information, as well with the category of verification in its relation, on the one hand, to confirmation and corroboration, and on the other hand, to testing, checking, falsification, and terms close in meaning to the last one.The abovementioned resentment results, first of all, from the fact that the authors discussed in the first part usually insist on erroneous solutions, negating a priori, without becoming acquainted with the literature on the subject or making attempts to explain or initiate a methodological argument referring to sources and studies.That resentment is significant, among other things, in the causal sense - that is, because of the fact that, firstly, it justifies and substantiates the need for a statement presenting controversial questions in a content-related and formal way. Secondly, because thanks to such (that is, cognitive-emotional) introduction, the whole argument - not only in the first, but also in the second part - is much more interesting. It is saturated with authenticity. Many readers know the figures mentioned and are familiar with their - sometimes too insouciant (sometimes not very reliable) - attitudes to important issues from the field of research methods. It is also interesting why the people cited make mistakes. Hence, it is also advisable to look at a wider methodological context of justification (included in the much longer second part) dedicated to perhaps the most thorough characteristics of the hypothesis in the literature on the subject, which is available to the author. Without presentation of the controversial issues in the first part, the second part, more important from the methodological viewpoint, might be omitted by a considerable proportion of readers. In that part attention is paid mainly to issues concerning working, initial, zero, primary, introductory, directing, gradual, auxiliary, ad hoc auxiliary, bridge, futile and true, dangerous and safe, quite natural and neutral, individual and general, complete and incomplete, deep, strong, probabilistic and non-probabilistic (that is, deterministic), related, falsifying, basic, psychological, metaphysical and materialist hypotheses, as well as those concluding ones - that is, those constituting the final effect of definite (concluded here and now) research; hence, those which have undergone verification, confirmation, corroboration or modification as those which predict and explain a given research problem in the best possible way.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL PERSONS IN R. OF MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1947-1952
Author(s):  
Alban Kadriu
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

Otherwise the subject of justice of a person with whom a person earns from his birth, a legal person is a product of the written law. In general, a legal entity is usually an organization that has ownership, economic activity, operational management, property and liability of its obligations with that property. Legal persons have their own will, their property they own and are responsible for their actions, which allows not being confused with the property of the people who founded it, nor of the will of all the people who work in it. Legal persons have an important role in everyday life. They are present and active in every field, because the legal system recognizes them as subjects of law.As an artificial creation created by law, a legal person also serves to create different collective goals and interests in society. However, it is important to note that all organizations, associations, institutions, etc., which exist today in the Republic of Macedonia, which have the property and organization of people working there, are not considered as legal entities. For this, the organization, company or the status of a legal person or the same should be foreseen in the state legal order. Criminal law in a country must, above all, serve the citizens, namely to assure their personal security and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, with proper functioning and due respect, above all of state bodies, but also of others. to enable citizens a peaceful life on the one hand, and on the other hand, the state will provide opportunities and a range of tools for maintaining the peace and well-being of citizens.From this we can conclude that if the offense is committed outside of the authority given to a natural person in this case the legal person can not be held responsible, but if the same case and despite being carried out outside the authorization is carried out in favor of the person legal entity in this case the legal person appears as an accomplice in the crime and to decide on his responsibility is the sufficient fact that the benefits he takes for himself or shares with his bailiff, noting the fact that the legal person and the person in charge of the person are collaborators of crime.From the criminal liability, the only excluded is the country by simple reason which would be illogical or with other words the state only accounts for themselves and their actions, while local governments are responsible only for offenses committed outside their public powers.

Thoughts on Iraqi Kurdistan: Present Realities, Future Hope

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Logan
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Stability ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Source Materials

AbstractThe collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime in April 2003 ushered Iraq into an era of unprecedented opportunity. The Kurds of Northern Iraq were given an opportunity to control their destiny in such a way not before encountered in their turbulent history. However, this moment has not been free of significant concern. Against the witness of history one can reasonably inquire as to whether or not the dominant Kurdish majority in Northern Iraq is able to seize this opportunity and make the most of it. Will they be able to break the historic cycle of internal dissension and unite to ensure the stability, prosperity, and security of their territory in Northern Iraq? Additionally, does Iraqi Kurdistan have the ability to adequately balance the often mutually exclusive demands it faces from powerful external actors? Clearly, the people of Iraqi Kurdistan must make their own choice in the matter. Nonetheless, outside forces must also help in the process by engaging with Kurdistan in Iraq in a positive and constructive manner. This will also go a long way toward securing and sustaining stability in this strategic area of the Near East. The article includes some thoughts about the current reality facing Iraqi Kurdistan, primarily as they relate to the KRG, together with some observations concerning the future hope for the region and its people. Some markers of Iraqi Kurdistan's progress are discussed not least of which is the status of its political development and freedom; economic health and growth; its fight against corruption; security within the KRG; its relations with Baghdad; and its external security situation, especially as it relates to Turkey, Syria, and Iran. These suggestions are based upon several recent trips by the author to Iraqi Kurdistan and from openly available source materials. However, these contemporary issues should be considered within their historical context. Therefore, the author gives also a summary review of some major historical events in the modern era leading up to the current situation in Northern Iraq.

The changes of Chinese women in social economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 057-071
Author(s):  
Zhang Boya ◽  
Ning Xiaohua
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
The Status ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
The One ◽  
New Education

Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, generation after generation of women have made pioneering efforts and contributed to China's construction, reform and development. In the great leap of the Chinese nation from standing up, becoming rich to becoming strong, great changes have taken place in the status of Chinese women. On the one hand, the old feudal ideas are gradually broken down and new education and ideas are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. On the other hand, economic development also needs and relies on the wisdom and strength of women to make continuous progress. Starting from the demographic indicators, this paper makes a gradual and progressive analysis of health and education. Finally, combining with the relevant contents of the female employment index report, this paper makes a prospect and puts forward some suggestions to promote the further development of the equal rights movement and women's cause.

scholarly journals Islamic Endowment: Study of Its Pillars and Methods of Dealing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The People ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Real Growth ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The One

Anybody who studies on the conditions of waqf (endowment) in the Islamic world will discover various views in dealing with it. In order to fulfil the ultimate purposes behind waqf and to meet the needs of people, some restrict its function solely on real estate; neglecting many other aspects of waqf, which eventually leads to deprivation of its benefits. On the other hand, some expand its function through several means; yet those means are merely based on experiment and not immune from risks. Another view shows hesitation to maintain any of these views. The aim of this study is to highlight the pillars of waqf and ways of dealing with it as to enable real growth, development and investment of waqf in accordance with the Shari'ah. Thus, the civilizational advancement of the ummah would be achieved by fulfilling the needs of the people and helping them through waqf. The two researchers will rely on the analytical descriptive approach in their work. They will use the descriptive approach in determining the meaning of waqf and its legitimacy, and the analytical method in defining its structure and methods of dealing. It is understood that there are four pillars of waqf; namely, the one who endows, the endowment, the one who is entitled for endowment, and statements related to endowment. It is incumbent to note that conditions for each pillar should be fulfilled to achieve the purposes of endowment. Besides, it is possible to deduce the types of waqf based on the pillars through multiple considerations. With regards to the precise understanding of waqf, it could be inferred as familial endowment (al-waqf al-ahlī), and public endowment. While with regards to the property of endowment (al-mal al-mawqūf), it is understood as real estate, transferable endowment, and currency endowment. At the same time, the most effective way in dealing with waqf could be managed in three aspects; al-tasyīr, al-istismār, and al-istibdāl.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study From Islamic Perspective of the Economic and Social Conditions of Widows in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Shumaila Rafiq ◽  
Dr. Naseem Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One

The relatonshp of the spouse s a beautful relaton of ths unverse. The people nvolved n ths relatonshp are lke the two wheels of the vehcle. f even one of them falls short, the vehcle of lfe stops. Death s an nalenable fact, every soul has to taste t. When a woman becomes a wdow, t s very dffcult for her to lve n socety, such a woman s often faced as dsgustng and awful behavour of people. On the one hand, husband whch has the status of a shadow for a wfe, n the form of death ths shadow s taken away from her head and then she feels herself alone n ths world. And on the other, she faces dffcult stages, whch becomes extremely dffcult for a lonely and helpless woman, for example, takes care and expendture of chldren and other needs of lfe etc. There are some smlar stuatons n Khyber Pakhtunkhwa that when the economc and socal condtons of wdows n dfferent dstrcts were revewed, t was found that women are sufferng from problems and are lvng poorly. t s a tragc step that there s no one to help the wdow and helpless women. n fact, we have forgotten the slamc teachngs. Due to whch wth the passng moments, we are headed for destructon. The need s to generalze the slamc teachngs and to practce them too. The am of ths research work s to analyze the economc and socal condtons of wdows n Khyber Pakhtunkhwa n the lght of slamc teachngs.

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