scholarly journals The assessment of the position of the metallurgical complex of Kazakhstan in the context of global competition

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
S. Z. Zhaleleva ◽  
A. A. Pasternak ◽  
R. Z. Zhaleleva
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Production Capacities

This article discusses the ranking of metallurgical complexes. The attention is paid to the study of Kazakhstan's position in the world. The analysis showed that Kazakhstan takes 34th place in the world in steel production. The leaders are Asian countries such as China, Korea, India, which account for about a third of steel production in the world. At the present stage of development, there is a tendency towards globalization of production in the field of metallurgy, associated with the influence of the world economy on many parameters of the metallurgical industry. Such trends, in turn, lead to higher prices for metal products on world markets. Another trend is the continuous modernization of the production process. The experience of developed countries in the field of metallurgy shows that a new level of quality requires the creation of innovative production capacities that are periodically modernized. The attention should also be paid to the expectations of consumers of metal products with special structural and technological properties. Innovative technologies are developing rapidly to improve the quality of finished metal products. The interest in the development of metallurgy in the world led to the development of various strategies for managing metallurgical complexes aimed at increasing the share of products with high added value, strengthening production cooperation, and the formation of transnational production chains. This experience and global trends should be taken into account when managing the metallurgical complex of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF UKRAINE’S METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY: GUIDELINES OF TECHNOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 24-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalii VENGER ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr KHAUSTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
The World ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Production Capacities

Current trends in economic development indicate that the basis of the economy of many developed countries is the basic industries, including ferrous metallurgy, and its products continue to be the main construction material in the world. The authors show that the domestic metallurgical industry contributes significantly to the gross national product and foreign trade. The main source of the functioning of domestic metallurgical enterprises is the raw material base sustained by significant reserves of iron ore, coal and scrap metal. It is proved that the metallurgical industry’s priority orientation to external demand made it dependent on the conditions in the world metal products market, which today is characterized by fierce competition due to the constant growth of new production capacities. It is revealed that the main prerequisite for increasing competition in the world metal market is currently the innovative restructuring of metallurgical enterprises based on the reduction of obsolete steel production facilities and the construction of new, more compact ones for the production of high value-added end products. The authors show that, unlike developed and developing countries, Ukraine has not built any technologically new facilities (except for the Interpipe Steel plant) in the steel industry. As a result, the majority of domestic enterprises are experiencing a significant physical and moral equipment wear and tear. The use of outdated technologies in the industry is causing enormous energy intensity of environmentally harmful production and leads to inefficient consumption of fuel and energy resources, and, as a consequence, to lower competitiveness of domestic metal products. To develop domestic metallurgy in line with global trends, it is proposed to develop a list of measures for the phased modernization of production capacities, which include replacing obsolete open-hearth furnaces with new electro-metallurgical plants.

scholarly journals Study on the development of nanotechnology in advanced countries and in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fracalossi Rediguieri
Keyword(s):  
Reference Lists ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

The study shows how nanotechnology evolves in developed countries and Brazil, raising aspects of private and governmental initiatives. The investigation was based in scientific literature, electronic articles and conference reports. Several sources of literature were used, including electronic databases and reference lists. By this study, it was observed that, although nanotechnology is in initial stage of development all over the world, the developed countries have had growing public and private investments in the area each year. In those countries, there is a concern toward both, the formation of specialists in nanotechnology and the transference of technology developed in universities and research institutes to industry. In Brazil, the study showed that despite the growing concern of investigators, national research centers and financial centers toward the development of the nanotechnology, there is still a need for more investment and formation of area specialists.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Dzhukh ◽  
Olha Mykhailenko ◽  
Maria Alipatova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Right

Any business entity in a competitive environment must assess the degree of its own competitiveness in order to function effectively and assess its prospects for the future. Having information about personal competitive positions, industrial firms have the opportunity to reveal their advantages, choose the right tactics of behavior and strategy, true to the realities of the latest market processes. The basis of competitive advantages of enterprises is the socio-economic and progressive technological and organizational base, the ability to analyze and take timely measures to strengthen competitive advantages. The article analyzes ways to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises. At the current stage of development of the national economy, the main issue to be addressed is the development of effective facilitators and mechanisms that will increase the competitiveness of domestic producers in the market and will guarantee the overall strengthening of Ukraine’s economic situation. The purpose of the article is to identify ways to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise. Compare the tools that allow you to find your weaknesses, the elimination of which can increase the competitiveness of the organization. The strategic goal is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic economy through innovation, which will create advantages for domestic producers to compete with opponents in domestic and international markets, and help Ukraine to take one of the first places among developed countries. Competitiveness is a key concept that is actively used in theory and practice of management, is a multifaceted concept, which translated from Latin means rivalry, the struggle to achieve the best results. This opens for Ukraine the possibility of transition to world standards of rational and reasonable energy consumption, development of natural resources, raising the level of technology, legal protection of intellectual property. The ultimate goal of these shifts is to create progressive and competitive innovative products on world markets. It should be noted that in the context of globalization and ever-increasing competition, the basis of competitiveness is innovation, which allows countries with innovative competitive advantages to take their rightful place in the world community.

Prospects of transition of ferrous metallurgy enterprises of Russia to the use of carbon-free technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 913-917
Author(s):  
V. I. Pleshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hydrogen Technology ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Production Capacities

The intention to preserve a comfort habitat for the mankind finds expression in the attempts to decrease the anthropogenic impact on the environment. A concept “carbon footprint” appeared, which reflects input of some kind of activity to the environment pollution. The desire to influence producers’ behavior and make them decrease their carbon footprint under existing conditions results in elaboration new kinds of taxes and duties, stimulating modernization of technological process and decrease of harmful substances emissions. It is expected that in case of the taxes being implemented by big metal products consumers, such as Western Europe, will result in considerable change of the metal products market. An analysis of various ways of metal producers’ adaptation to operation in conditions of the expected changes presented. It was shown that such organization measures as lobbying of interests and artificial differentiation of business on provisionally “clean” and “dirty” will result in a rather restricted result. Thereupon actuality of a radical modernization of production capacities to decarbonize the technologies of steel production grows. Replacement of the carbon by hydrogen for reducing of iron oxides is the most advanced technological solution. At the same time, the hydrogen metallurgy is not yet implemented anywhere on industrial scale, and the hydrogen application in the production cycle results in a lot of questions, having not yet definite answers. A SWOT-analysis presented, demonstrating advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen technology mastering by metals producers.

scholarly journals The influence of globalization and integration processes on the activity of insurance organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Maryna Demianchuk ◽  
Bekhruzkhon Hislatxon o'g'li Makhamadaliev ◽  
Viacheslav Kotlubai ◽  
Helen Shramko
Keyword(s):  
Regression Modeling ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The activity of each market entity is associated with the risk that must be prevented and reduced by the insurance target. World experience shows that well-established insurance business actively contributes to business development and solving social problems. The degree of insurance development is an indicator of the maturity of market relations. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of globalization and integration processes on the activities of insurance organizations. Results. Therefore, the analysis of the world and insurance market of Ukraine was conducted in the work, which made it possible to establish that the latter is in a difficult situation, but a positive trend of its development exists. The problems of development of insurance organizations are revealed and the measures for their solution in the conditions of the present with the use of correlation-regression modeling are argued. The identified factors that slow down the development of insurance in Ukraine are presented by such groups as economic, organizational-legal, functional, information-analytical and social-psychological. On the basis of correlation-regression modeling and taking into account the trends of functioning of the domestic and world markets of insurance services, as well as taking into account the most acute problems faced by the market of insurance services of Ukraine, the priorities for promoting the development of the insurance market of Ukraine in order to overcome the influence of adverse factors have been established. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches concerning determination of influence of globalization and integration processes on activity of insurance organizations it can be stated that the insurance market of Ukraine is at the stage of development and integration into the world space. Despite certain achievements, it is characterized by shortcomings, the presence of which shows the prospects for development and, thus, the potential for Ukraine. Taking into account the trends of functioning of the domestic and world markets of insurance services, as well as taking into account the most acute problems faced by the market of insurance services of Ukraine, the priorities for promoting the development of the insurance market of Ukraine were established in order to overcome the influence of adverse factors.

Steel industry of China in 2020 and the world crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
N. G. Zinov’eva
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
World Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Market State ◽  
Negative Effect

The crisis of the world economic system, erupted in the end of 2019 against the background of COVID-19 expansion resulted in considerable drop of the world steel products production practically in all the countries of the world. Decrease of steel production began in the IIH of 2019, mainly in July-August of 2019 and further in March-April of 2020. In the IQ of 2020, the world steel production declined by 1.4% down to 443 million tons comparing with the analogue period of 2019. At that China demonstrated growth by 1.2%, while in the EC counties the decrease accounted for 10%, in North America counties – by 4%, in South America countries – 7.1%, other countries of Asia, Africa and CIS also demonstrated the decrease. The dynamics of prices variation on some steel products, iron ore presented, which give the idea of the market state and tendencies of its variation in 2019–2020. In China in April of 2020 after cancellation of quarantine measures, a restoration of the industry began, the economy of China transferred from decline to growth and an active growth of domestic consumption of steel products got a significant effect not only on the volume of its production, but also made corrections in China’s behavior at the world market. As a result of year 2020, steel production in China exceeded one billion tons – 1054.4 million tons, which is 5.2% more comparing with 2019. Production of finished products increased also, import of iron ore into China in 2020 accounted for 1172 billion tons, which is 9.5% more comparing with 2019. As a result of 2020, the steel companies of China exported 53.7 million tons of steel, which is 16.5% lower than the 2019 index. Further the Chinese export will be contributed by an increase of demand at the world market and cancellation of restriction measures, imposed by some countries. While at all the regions of the world the crisis resulted in termination of some projects or their delays, in China against the background of the pandemic, several companies did nor cancel their investment plans as well as construction and commissioning of new plants was going on. Under conditions of the crisis the support of the state was very important, since the demand declined in all the industries, therefore many countries took urgent measures for stabilization of economies and support of population. Within the period of the pandemic, the China government bodies elaborated some measures to overcome its negative effect on the economy. In particular, the measures include allocation of money to stimulate the domestic consumption of steel products. In total in 2020 it was planned to invest about 800 billion of yuan (about USD 115 billion) in capital assets. According to forecasts, in 2021 comparing with 2020, the production and apparent consumption of steel in China will increase approximately by 2%, actual demand will increase by higher rate. The steel products with high added value will be in higher demand, including flat rolled products, rolled products of special steels, seamless pipes etc.

The Worldwide Expansion of Higher Education in the Twentieth Century

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Schofer ◽  
John W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
The World ◽  
Enrollment Rates

The authors analyze the rapid worldwide expansion of higher educational enrollments over the twentieth century using pooled panel regressions. Expansion is higher in economically developed countries (in some but not all analyses) as classic theories would have it. Growth is greater where secondary enrollments are high and where state control over education is low, consistent with conflict and competition theories. Institutional theories get strong support: growth patterns are similar in all types of countries, are especially high in countries more linked to world society, and sharply accelerate in virtually all countries after 1960. The authors theorize and operationalize the institutional processes involved, which include scientization, democratization and the expansion of human rights, the rise of development planning, and the structuration of the world polity. With these changes, a new model of society became institutionalized globally-one in which schooled knowledge and personnel were seen as appropriate for a wide variety of social positions, and in which many more young people were seen as appropriate candidates for higher education. An older vision of education as contributing to a more closed society and occupational system—with associated fears of “over-education”—was replaced by an open-system picture of education as useful “human capital” for unlimited progress. The global trends are so strong that developing countries now have higher enrollment rates than European countries did only a few decades ago, and currently about one-fifth of the world cohort is now enrolled in higher education.

Global trends of development of services in the post-industrial society

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Меружан Аветисян ◽  
Meruzhan Avetisyan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Industrial

The concept of post-industrial society represents a society in which the economy as a result of the technological revolution and significant income growth went from pre-emptive priority production of goods to production of services, has recently become even more relevant. For example, the World Bank experts, authors of the report "Industry of the future: a new era of global growth and innovation" argue that if a country has reached the average level of well-being, the share of services in GDP of the country begins to exceed the performance of industry and agriculture. Currently, as post-industrial countries are classified those countries in which the service sector accounts for well over half of GDP. Fall under this criterion, in the first place, the United States (the service sector accounts for 79.4% of US GDP), European Union (the service sector is 69.4% of the GDP of the EU countries), and all developed countries. A comparative analysis of the service sector in Russia shows that without a radical increase in the efficiency of the sector the transition of our country in the post-industrial stage of development is impossible. The post-industrial structure of the economy suggests that overall GDP of more than 50% is formed by the service sector. The rapid development of the service sector and the increase of its share in the gross national product are features of the country´s transition to a post-industrial stage of development. Only relatively recently came the understanding of the important role services can play in the process of integration into the global economy and the international division of labor. Overall condition of the Russian service sector shows that without a radical increase in the efficiency of this sector, to speak of Russia´s transition to a post-industrial stage of development is prematurely. Comparative analysis of the dependence of the well-being of the world from the share of services in countries’ GDP, revealed a number of interesting facts that have enabled the author to supplement, clarify and restate the conclusion of international experts as follows: the service sector in the GDP of the country begins to exceed the performance of industry and agriculture if the country embarked on the path of the main characteristics of the post-industrial society - the development of services. The welfare of the country, in this case does not matter. Moreover, at present the number of countries in which the service sector accounts for well over half of GDP, is growing rapidly.

Business arrangements used by U.S. wood-based companies involved in direct foreign investment

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Bilek ◽  
Paul V. Ellefson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Conditions

Two hundred foreign investments (wholly-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures) were identified for 12 of the nation's 1981 top 20 sales-leading transnational wood-based companies. Investments were scattered over much of the world with a significant preference for developed countries (135 of the 200 foreign investments). Company executives agreed that the ability to compete in world markets would be key to a company's long-term success. Only three companies indicated foreign investments were of growing importance. Factors influencing company decisions about type of foreign investment included length of investment, developed versus developing country, social and political conditions in host country, foreign pressure to reduce equity, control of profit remittances and share of financial burden.

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