scholarly journals Аgricultural cooperation from a historical perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
T. A. Kussaiynov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The One ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The City ◽  
Personal Interests

The purpose of the article is to show that cooperation conducted in a «voluntary-compulsory» manner only discredits the idea of cooperation in rural areas and leads to food crises in society. The research uses the method of historical analogies. The article examines the processes of agricultural concentration, including in the form of cooperation, from a historical perspective; an assessment of current trends is given by comparing them with similar processes that took place in the Soviet era in the conditions of the administrative economy. Statistical materials from official sources, party-Soviet documents were used for the analysis. The content of V.I. Lenin's article «On Cooperation», to which the former and current ideologists of the cooperation of the peasantry refer, allows for a very twofold interpretation of the ideas of the leader of the revolution. On the one hand, Lenin's position presupposes a link between the city and the countryside on the basis of a new economic policy. On the other hand, his remark that «the system of civilized cooperators with public ownership of the means of production... – this is the system of socialism,» clearly indicates that Lenin considered the collective farm form as the highest form of peasant cooperation. This form of cooperation objectively leads to the use of the state coercive apparatus with all the ensuing consequences. This form of cooperation objectively leads to the use of the state coercive apparatus with all the ensuing consequences. It is shown that the basis of failures in the development of cooperation in modern agriculture of Kazakhstan is the prevalence of administrative and bureaucratic methods of solving the problem. Author summarizes that only reliance on the initiative of the peasants themselves, their personal interests and motivation are the main condition for the successful promotion of ideas of cooperation in rural areas.

Urbanization and The Dynamics of Change in the Sahel

2021 ◽  
pp. 708-728
Author(s):  
Florence Boyer ◽  
David Lessault
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
School Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City ◽  
Contemporary Context

Since independence, Sahelian cities have been experiencing continuous and increasingly strong population growth, linked to migration and to an unfinished demographic transition. In contexts of rapid urbanization, facilities, infrastructure, and services (school, health, sanitation, etc.) are deficient, and a transfer of poverty from rural areas to cities takes place. Sahelian cities are also marked by the youthfulness of their populations, and an important area for research are the questions of what the city does to youth, and what youth does to the city. Knowledge of Sahelian cities remains fragmented. If the dynamics and challenges of capitals such as Dakar, Ouagadougou, or Bamako are fairly well known, those of N’Djamena, Niamey, or Nouakchott are less so. There are few studies of small and medium-sized cities, and these are in need of updating in the contemporary context of decentralization. This chapter surveys the state of knowledge of urbanization in the Sahel, and suggests directions for future research.

The City State of Singapore’s Territorial and Social Management Dilemmas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolphe De Koninck
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Fait Accompli ◽  
The One ◽  
City State ◽  
Social Management ◽  
The City ◽  
Permanent Residents

To better understand, on the one hand, the remarkable and largely commendable transformation that Singapore has undergone over the last century and, on the other hand, its vulnerability, answers should be sought to the following two questions. Does not the relentless overhaul of Singaporean living space, nearly always considered as a fait accompli, yet always subject to being revised by the state, lead to territorial alienation among the city state’s citizens and permanent residents? Just as classical Athens and even classical Rome came to depend on a constant and everincreasing supply of foreign labour, Singapore has reached a point where its dependence on a modern and imported form of lumpenproletariat has become apparently irreversible. Is this sustainable?

scholarly journals The state of bio-ecological characteristics of the one-year shoots of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Under the conditions of industrial pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-252
Author(s):  
Tetiana Yusypiva ◽  
Halyna Miasoid
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
The State ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
The City

AbstractThe paper studies the influence of industrial pollution on bio-ecological characteristics of the one-year shoot of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the conditions of the city of Dnipro, Ukraine. It analyses the state of biometric parameters of the shoot and anatomic indices of the stem of the studied species exposed to toxic gases. It was found that there are adaptive changes in the histological structure of the stem of R. pseudoacacia under the conditions of technogenesis. The study revealed that bio-ecological characteristics of the black locust are highly resistant to industrial emissions with big shares of SO2 and NO2. It was suggested to use R. pseudoacacia for greening of the technogenic territories.

scholarly journals Probematika Agama dan Negara: Perspektif Sejarah

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Zakiya Darajat
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Symbiotic Mutualism ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Reaction ◽  
The Relationship

Discourse on the relationship between religion and state seems to be a discourse that never ends to be discussed. The emergence of a statement of President Jokowi on March 24, 2017 which discourse the separation between religion and politics immediately launched a public reaction. Some agreed, but many also criticized. For those who agree with the statement Jokowi reasoned that religion is often used as a politician tool that has the potential to divide the nation. But for those who reject Jokowi's statements argue that the separation of religion from the state is the same as denying the basis and philosophy of the state which has historically been extracted from the values of the religiosity of the Indonesian nation itself. Using historical, sociological and political approaches, this article intends to analyze how discourses on the relation between religion and state taking place in Indonesia in the historical perspective, as well as the problems it causes. This paper proves that although experiencing ups and downs, judging from the historical geneologi, the life of the nation and the state of Indonesia can not be separated from the values of religiosity. Both are always symbiotic mutualism. Putting the Godhead of the One Supreme God as the first principle in Pancasila, is in fact an acknowledgment of the importance of religious values in the life of the nation and the state.---Diskursus tentang relasi antara agama dan negara seolah menjadi wacana yang tak pernah usai untuk dibahas. Munculnya statemen Presiden Jokowi pada 24 Maret 2017 yang mewacanakan pemisahan antara agama dan politik segera menyeruakkan reaksi publik. Ada yang mengiyakan, tapi banyak juga yang mengecam. Bagi yang setuju dengan statemen Jokowi beralasan bahwa agama sering kali dijadikan sebagai alat politisasi yang berpotensi memecah belah bangsa. Namun bagi mereka yang menolak statemen Jokowi berargumentasi bahwa upaya pemisahan agama dari negara sama halnya dengan mengingkari dasar dan falsafah negara yang secara historis justru digali dari nilai-nilai religiusitas bangsa Indonesia itu sendiri. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah, sosiologis dan politik, artikel ini bermaksud menganalisis bagaimana diskursus tentang relasi antara agama dan negara yang terjadi di Indonesia dalam perspektif sejarah, serta problematika yang ditimbulkannya. Tulisan ini membuktikan bahwa meskipun mengalami pasang surut, dilihat dari geneologi kesejarahan, kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara Indonesia tidak bisa dilepaskan dari nilai-nilai religiusitas. Keduanya senantiasa bersimbiosis mutualisme. Diletakkannya Sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa sebagai sila pertama dalam Pancasila, sejatinya merupakan  sebuah pengakuan akan pentingnya nilai-nilai religiusitas dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.

scholarly journals Death and the city

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-37
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Cvijanović
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Personal Loss ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The author argues that the politicization of life discussed by many modern and contemporary political thinkers cannot be treated differently, and hence without the similar curiosity and importance, from the politicization of death. The dead body represents a powerful symbol and as such it is often politicized. The paper deals with the problem of postmortem violence and juridico-political mechanisms aimed at excluding from the political body those not being alive but whose dead presence threats the living. For that purposes the author reconstructs Sophocles’ Antigone as a paradigmatic text whose reinterpretation and contextualization serve for rethinking the Greek conceptualization of the dead, and the ways in which the state penetrates into the realm of private attachments and funeral rites, especially when dealing with dead traitors/terrorists. Assuming an equal ontological status of every dead body, the author, on the one hand, defends mortalist humanism as an equal ability to grieve someone’s personal loss against the state-sanctioned politics of mourning, and on the other hand, argues that subjecting the dead to bare death, i.e. by turning them to political corpses as legally constituted dead human entities disposed to postmortem political exclusion, degradation, violence, or to other dehumanizing or depersonalizing practices, accounts for the illegitimate expansion of political power, and thus for the rule of terror, as well as for the ultimate human evil.

scholarly journals Le musée de niche. Nouvel exploit dans la muséographie

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Madalina Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Clifford Geertz ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Museum Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

In all the complexity of the museum study, there is a slight border that deserves all the attention of the researchers: the one of the niche museums. This work starts from the idea according to which the museum becomes a symbol of cultural practice in the contemporary era. In addition to the successful museums that are being built and built in the city, there is a new tendency to transform some spaces into small museums. These, in full process of heritage building, can highlight a series of features and characteristics of a society. The research of the niche museum starts from Ulf Hannerz, who says in his study that anthropology must renew its limits, it must take into account urban life. Researchers should not focus only on rural areas, in small, homogeneous communities, especially as they are outside Western societies Urban anthropology must be based on a range of social and cultural phenomena that will rarely be found in rural areas and which must be analyzed in the light of the diversity of human societies in general, says Ulf Hannerz, like the diversity of museums. From the chocolate museum, the lace museum, the cake museum, the cheese museum or the flower museum, all these culturally-rendered spaces are meant to anonymously remove some objects or crafts that are characteristic of a particular group and which subsequently become part of the immaterial cultural heritage. The Dictionary of Ethnology and Anthropology defines the study of anthropology regarding museography as a necessity inherent in the advancement of ethnography. Researchers such as Robert Park, Ulf Hannerz, Clifford Geertz, André Malraux or Chiara Bortolotto have studied the relationship of the museum with the city, thus implicitly with society. The conclusions they draw have the following aspect in common: the museum has the intrinsic ability to model and structure the immediate society.

scholarly journals Quantification of Corn Grains Losses in Road Transport

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Carlos Caneppele ◽  
Antônio Renan Berchol da Silva ◽  
Dryelle Sifuentes Pallaoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Grain Losses

The present work had the objective of quantifying corn grain losses in road transportation along a section of highway BR 163 in the state of Mato Grosso. The survey was done in July and August of 2016 in the section between the Imigrantes Highway, within the city of Cuiabá - MT, and the municipality of Nova Mutum – MT. This stretch is considered to be the one with the highest flow of grain loads in the state of Mato Grosso. Twenty one collect points were established along the stretch, with a distance of 10 km from one point to the other, at each collect point 3 areas of 1 m² were delimited with the aid of a fixed frame of wood with the same area, in a distance of 1.3 m from the highway margin, in the north-south direction, which is the direction of the grain flow. The samples were placed in identified plastic bags and taken to the laboratory for separation and weighing. The points of the biggest grain losses were points 06 and 12 of the section, where it was verified pavement in poor quality with much road surfacing, and the points of lower losses were collected in the top quality asphalt range.

scholarly journals NEW TRENDS IN GIS AND BIM FOR FACILITY MANAGEMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
K. Vach ◽  
P. Holubec ◽  
A. Dlesk
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Building Conditions ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Most of the state bureaus and ministries in the Czech Republic are located in the capital city Prague. The buildings are situated mostly in historical part of the city, where are high demands on compliance with the cultural heritage laws. Currently, the buildings are in unsatisfactory building conditions, their maintenance is expensive and due to complicated legislation and political processes the buildings are in a state of “permanent repairs”. More than twenty years our company operates and co-develops GIS/BIM application for facility management of administrative buildings in the Czech Republic. The main topics of this contribution is to present our general experiences in GIS and BIM development which is based on our concrete cases dealt with Czech ministries, to present basic legislation requirements in Czech facility management and to evaluate current trends in the field of GIS and BIM for facility management in the Czech Republic in response to other official state registries.</p>

scholarly journals Place names of six southeast counties of Missouri

1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mayme Lucille Hamlett
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The West ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
New Madrid

Counties: Pemiscot, Dunklin, New Madrid, Scott, Mississippi, and Stoddard||"This study is one of a series undertaken to solve the problem of the origin of place-names in the one hundred and fourteen counties of Missouri and the city of St. Louis. This investigation was begun in 1928, and eight studies, covering sixty-three counties, have been completed. The present survey includes the six southeast counties of Pemiscot, Dunklin, New Madrid, Scott, Mississippi, and Stoddard. These counties represent the oldest and the newest in Missouri history. New Madrid County, which once embraced all of the territory of these six counties as well as that to the west and south of this section, was first organized in 1812, eight years before Missouri became a state; and Pemiscot is the youngest county in the state save Bollinger, which was organized one month after Pemiscot in 1851. A wide sweep of history is included in the placenames of this section, from Mississippi, a name of Indian origin known to have existed before 1539 when DeSoto first saw this body of water, to Culbertson in Pemiscot County, which is less than a year old -- so young that its progenitors are uncertain of its survival through infancy."--Page 1.

scholarly journals O Espaço Agrário Fluminense: Estrutura e Transformações

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Maria Do Carmo Corrêa Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The City

Starting out from the conception that agrarian space is a subspace created by rural activities within a totality which includes the city with its multiple varied interactions, the present study focuses on the agrarian space of the state of Rio de Janeiro as affected by the urban-industrial economy. It identifies is as a traditional agrarian space in which the effects of urban growth are making themselves felt in spatially differentiated and structurally contradictory forms. The internal disparities are seen in the context of the social, economic and political formation of the state, from which emerge, as agents of considerable importance and on different scales, the coffee economy which conditioned the settlement and appropriation of the territory and, on the other hand, the functions of Rio de Janeiro as a port, a centre of political power and a national metropolis. With a background of dairy-farming, replacing coffee-growing in almost the whole of the state, and single-crop sugarcane cultivation in the Baixada Campista, the agrarian space of the state of Rio de Janeiro illustrates overall limitations and problems of the state's economy, within a framework of immobility or feeble growth. This formally stationary framework has been passing through changes in organization and structure which have reflected, during the past thirty years, different ways in which the state of Rio de Janeiro has shared in the overall process of the country's development reflecting, at one and the same time, capitalist expansion in the rural sector and its articulations with various political actions aimed directly or not at that sector. As a result of their extent and their social and economic implications, a number of important variables are referred to in this study as indicators of changes. They are variables referring to land use, recorded in the Censures from 1950 to 1980, and others characteristic of the modes of production, brought up in the course of field surveys. The expansion and modernization of cattle-raising in specifically defined areas in the state, the widespread fall-off in permanent cultivation and the increase in temporarily cultiva>;ted areas reflect new options for producers in connection with less expensive and more profitable activities. The strengthening of sugarcane cultivation, the extension of silviculture, especially since 1970, and the resurgence of coffee-growing display the effects of agricultural policies based on subsidized credit. Of the various forms of innovatibn in the state rural area which are focused on in this study, none shows the direct interference of Rio de Janeiro as a consumer market. Not even cattle-raising practised on the enterprise model on the periphery closest to the city is fundamentally directed towards Rio's consumer market, except for dairy production of the beef cattle produced there, only 10% or so are earmarked for this market. In the coastal lowlands of the Lake Region, specialization in the production of cows and bulls for breeding purposes, which is being consolidated in conjunction with the pastoral areas of Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Goias and Mato Grosso, offers the most obvious prood of the alienation of the producing area from the immediate market of Greater Rio. The geographical distribution and configuration of the dynamic segments and the stagnant pockets in the state point to another feature of its agrarian framework. The great motor-way axes which bring Rio de Janeiro into contact with the other metropolises in the Southeast or with the Northeast via the coastal highway are today the great lines along which the modernization of rural activities and new social relations of production are being diffused, so creating a new agrarian framework which has little or nothing to do with the previous one or with the great metropolitan market. From the above-mentioned frame of reference, it is quite clear that the agrarian space of the state of Rio de Janeiro is being transformed under the action of forces superior to market ones, forces which transcend the system of internal relations of the state itself, embodying the process of capital enrichment of the rural areas and a new spatial structuring linked to the projection of Rio de Janeiro on a national scale, more than to its local or regional action.

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