scholarly journals Efecto de los parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos sobre la calidad del agua del río pisco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5606-5614
Author(s):  
Misael A. Bendezu Bendezu ◽  
Cynthia V. Bendezú Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Del Rio

In the country, among the fundamental environmental problems is the contamination of surface waters of rivers, as in the case of the Pisco River. The objective of the research work was to determine the physicochemical and microbiological indicators, for their use in the irrigation of vegetable and animal beverages under the regulation of the D.S. 004-2017-MINAM, category 3 (Pisco river category). Four samples were collected at the four sampling points in the months of June-September of the year 2019, during the dry season, these samples were collected according to the methodology of the National Protocol for monitoring the quality of surface water resources. woolen. Parameters were measured in the field such as: T, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids,% sodium chloride and turbidity, using a pH meter, multiparametric and turbidimeter. The concentration of the other physicochemical parameters and the microbiological parameters were determined in the UNSLG laboratories. The results were compared with D.S. 004-2017-MINAM. The parameters that were measured in the field comply with the ECA for surface waters of a category 3 river, while the physicochemical parameters such as: Al, Cu, Fe and Zn have higher values ​​than the ECAs in all the sampling points. The microbiological parameters (Thermotolerant Coliforms and Escherichia coli) did not comply with the RCTs at points RP1 and RP2.The presence of these contaminants makes the water unsuitable for the purposes studied, in the same way for human consumption.   En el país, entre los problemas ambientales fundamentales está la contaminación de las aguas superficiales de los ríos, como es el caso del río Pisco. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue determinar los indicadores fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos, para su uso en el riego de bebidas vegetales y animales bajo la norma del D.S. 004-2017-MINAM, categoría 3 (categoría río Pisco). Se tomaron cuatro muestras en los cuatro puntos de muestreo en los meses de junio-septiembre del año 2019, durante la época seca, estas muestras se tomaron de acuerdo a la metodología del Protocolo Nacional de monitoreo de la calidad de los recursos hídricos superficiales. lana. Se midieron en campo parámetros como: T, pH, conductividad, sólidos totales disueltos,% de cloruro de sodio y turbidez, utilizando un medidor de pH, multiparamétrico y turbidímetro. La concentración de los demás parámetros fisicoquímicos y los parámetros microbiológicos se determinaron en los laboratorios de la UNSLG. Los resultados se compararon con el D.S. 004-2017-MINAM. Los parámetros que se midieron en campo cumplen con el ECA para aguas superficiales de un río de categoría 3, mientras que los parámetros fisicoquímicos como: Al, Cu, Fe y Zn presentan valores superiores a los ECA en todos los puntos de muestreo. Los parámetros microbiológicos (Coliformes Termotolerantes y Escherichia coli) no cumplieron con los ECAs en los puntos RP1 y RP2.La presencia de estos contaminantes hace que el agua no sea apta para los fines estudiados, de igual manera para el consumo humano.

Análise Microbiológica da Qualidade das Águas do Rio Cuiabá Perímetro Urbano, a Partir de 4 Pontos de Amostragem

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Waléria Finicia de Oliveira ◽  
Osvaldo Borges Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Consequent Increase

A ocupação eminentemente urbana dos municípios resultou em um incremento da demanda nos diversos usos das águas do rio Cuiabá e consequente aumento das cargas orgânicas, de nutrientes e de coliformes gerados pelos esgotos domésticos. As microbacias hidrográficas, com vegetação natural remanescente, são áreas muito importantes para manter o abastecimento de água de boa qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análises microbiológicas da qualidade da água do rio Cuiabá, especificamente no perímetro urbano, a partir de quatro pontos de amostragem, usando os parâmetros microbiológicos, a fim de quantificar Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli. Foram feitas quatro coletas em pontos aleatórios, uma em 03/11/2014 e as outras três em 22/10/2015. Os resultados obtidos, nas análises feitas com as amostras, apontou como impróprio para o consumo humano, conforme a Resolução nº 357/05 do CONAMA.Palavras-chaves: Qualidade da Água. Bioindicadores, Escherichia coli.AbstratThe eminently urban occupation of the municipalities resulted in an increase in the demand for the different uses of the Cuiabá river waters and consequent increase in the organic loads, nutrients and coliforms generated by domestic sewage. The waters and consequent increase in the organic loads, nutrients and coliforms generated by domestic sewage. Thehydrographic basins with remaining natural vegetation arevery important areas to maintain the supply of  good quality water. The objective of this work was to perform microbiological analyzes of the water quality, specifically at the urban perimeter, from 04 Sampling Points, using the microbiological parameters, in order to quantify Total Coliformes and Escherichia coli. Four collections were performed, one for each point, the first on November 3rd, 2014, another on October 22nd, 2015. The results obtained from the analyses performed with the samples, pointed as inadequate for human consumption, according to Resolution number 357/05 of CONAMA.Keywords: Water Quality. Biological Indicators. Escherichia coli

scholarly journals Assay of Potability with Bottled Mineral Water from Trademarks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The purpose of this test was to evaluate the physicochemical (ammoniacal nitrate, nitrogen nitrate, nitrogen nitrite, pH, orthophosphate and turbidity) and microbiological parameters (Escherichia coli and total coliforms) of mineral water samples bottled trademarks and compare the results obtained with Brasilian Ministery of Healty Ordinance 2.914/11. For this purpose, it was used trademarks mineral water bottled sold in pet 300 and 500 ml bottles. For microbiological analysis it was used Colipaper (Alfakit®), and all of them the analysis of physicochemical parameters was used Ecokit II (Alfakit®). From the five mineral water bottled samples, all were within the physicochemical parameters determined by Ordinance 2.914/11. In the microbiological findings, only one sample presented Escherichia coli. Therefore, all the analyzed brands meet the required physicochemical parameters of water quality for human consumption, except brand A, which did not meet the microbiological parameters. The results demonstrates the need for confirmatory tests performed by laboratories qualified to attest the result obtained, as well as the need to implement more effective monitoring by the responsible agency for monitoring the water quality for human consumption.

scholarly journals Physicochemical quality of and Escherichia coli resistance profiles in urban surface waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
I. Malagi ◽  
S. C. Sampaio ◽  
F. G. S. Pinto ◽  
D. M. Rosa ◽  
R. R. dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
National Environment ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

Abstract Aquatic ecosystems of urban rivers are contaminated through waste disposal, which poses a public health problem. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of water used for recreation and public supply of six rivers in the city of Cascavel - Paraná, including Cascavel, Quati, Bezerra, Antas, Clarito and Amambay. Samples were collected every 4 months in 2017, and their physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as resistance profiles of strains of Escherichia coli to antimicrobials distributed by pharmacies of the primary healthcare network, were evaluated. Parameters such as water temperature, turbidity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms showed significant differences. The allowed limit for thermotolerant coliforms, which was set by National Environment Council, Resolution 357/2005, was exceeded in all of the six analyzed rivers. It was determined that 48.1% of E. coli strains showed resistance to nine antimicrobial tested. The highest levels of resistance were found for ampicillin (27.7%), tetracycline (27.7%) and amoxicillin (24.0%). The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the hazards associated with the contamination of springs in urban centers with wastewater containing resistant bacteria. Therefore, recovery work is necessary in these areas because of the importance of these water sources for the entire western region of Paraná state.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of "pure water" sold in Niamey, Niger

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3412-3427
Author(s):  
Bachir Mijitaba Sahirou ◽  
Mahaman Sani Laouali ◽  
Abdoulkadri Ayouba Mahamane ◽  
Hassane Hassane Adamou ◽  
Haoua Amadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, sachet water known as "pure water" has gained the confidence of the Nigerien public because of its low price, availability, convenience, and quality perception by consumers. This study highlights the impact of storage on the quality of pure water sold in Niamey. Thus, eleven of the twelve analyzed physicochemical parameters have been monitored during six weeks of "pure water" storage in the sun and at laboratory ambient temperature. From the results obtained, the physicochemical parameters are in norms except the turbidity and the residual chlorine. On the Bacteriological plan, the total germs, the salmonellae, the fecal streptococci and the Escherichia coli have been identified. In addition, the monitoring of the evolution of the parameters analyzed during six weeks of storage revealed a change of the organoleptic quality that appears in the fourth week and a development of Escherichia Coli for the "pure water" exposed in the sun. This study showed, on the one hand, that these "pure water" would be unfit to the human consumption and on the other hand, their storage for a prolonged period and a high temperature affects their qualities. Les eaux conditionnées en sachet plastique, communément appelées "pure water", ont depuis quelques années, gagné la confiance du public nigérien en raison de leur faible prix, leur disponibilité, la commodité, et de la perception de qualité par les consommateurs. Ce travail étudie l’impact du stockage sur la qualité des "pure water" vendues à Niamey. Ainsi, onze parmi les douze paramètres physico-chimiques analysés ont été suivis pendant six semaines de stockage des "pure water" au soleil et à la température ambiante de laboratoire. A l’issue des résultats obtenus, les paramètres physico-chimiques sont dans les normes hormis la turbidité et le chlore résiduel. Sur le plan bactériologique, les germes totaux, les salmonelles, les streptocoques fécaux et les Escherichia colis ont été identifiés. Par ailleurs, le suivi de l’évolution des paramètres analysés pendant six semaines de stockage a révélé une altération de la qualité organoleptique qui se manifeste à la quatrième semaine et un développement des Escherichia colis pour les "pure water" exposées au soleil. Cette étude a montré, d’une part, que ces "pure water" seraient impropres à la consommation humaine et d’autre part, leur stockage pendant une période prolongée et une température élevée affecte leurs qualités.

scholarly journals Hygienic-sanitary quality in milk and cheese sold clandestinely in the municipality of Sinop - Mato Grosso, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
R. H. R. Pena ◽  
F. Freitas ◽  
B. G. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Intestinal Origin ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

Dairy products such as raw milk and artisanal cheeses are marketed in open markets and directly at home throughout Brazil, even with prohibitions in Brazilian legislation, leading in many cases to the production of food without hygienic conditions that can be configured as an important source transmission of pathogens and, consequently, a danger to public health. Escherichia coli is an agent of intestinal origin and, in addition to some strains possess pathogenic potential, its presence in the food indicates inadequate hygienic practices. This study aimed to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality of these products to determine if they are suitable for human consumption. Eight samples of milk and eight cheese sold clandestinely in the municipality of Sinop in the State of Mato Grosso were analyzed. All of them were submitted to the Most Likely Number Test (NMP) for the detection of Total and Thermotolerant Coliforms, isolation in Methylene Blue Eosin Agar (EMB) and identification of Escherichia coli by means of biochemical tests. Among the 8 milk samples, 62.5% (5/8) presented levels of Thermotolerant Coliform than allowed by the legislation and 87.5% (7/8) above the levels allowed for Total Coliforms. Among the 8 cheese samples, 50% (4/8) presented values higher than that allowed for Thermotolerant Coliforms and 87.5% (7/8) for Total Coliforms. Of the 80 colonies initially isolated from raw milk and cheese samples, 56.25% (45/80) presented Escherichia coli characteristics. The great majority of the analyzed samples demonstrate a low hygienic-sanitary quality being considered possible sources of pathogens to the consuming population.

scholarly journals QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA EM ÁREAS RURAIS: Análise bacteriológica e físico-química das águas dos tanques de pedra das comunidades KM 21 (Campina Grande) e Pedra Redonda (Pocinhos) (Water quality in rural areas: bacteriological and physical-chemical analysis...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Laíse Do Nascimento Cabral ◽  
Sérgio Murilo Santos de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

Nesse trabalho, foi analisada a qualidade da água em níveis bacteriológicos para consumo humano e demais usos em reservatórios denominados Tanques de Pedra nas comunidades rurais do Semiárido Paraibano: KM 21, Campina Grande (Agreste paraibano)-PB, e Pedra Redonda (Curimataú paraibano), Pocinhos-PB. Como critério de escolha das comunidades, considerou-se a importância dos reservatórios para a população, haja vista serem o principal reservatório para captação de água da chuva e armazenamento. A qualidade da água foi analisada a partir de sete coletas com a determinação dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos. A metodologia aplicada foi o método enzimático de substrato definido Colilert. Para as análises físico-químicas, utilizou-se 24 parâmetros identificados pelo Valor Máximo Permissível (VMP). Os resultados, para parâmetros microbiológicos e físico-químicos, estão fundamentados na Portaria 2914/11 do Ministério da Saúde. Utilizou-se registro fotográfico para obtenção de imagens dos reservatórios. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade da água das comunidades encontrava-se comprometida, tendo em vista que se encontrava infectada nos níveis bacteriológicos (Escherichia coli e Coliformes totais) e físico-químicos para cor e turbidez, sendo estes parâmetros utilizados para consumo humano. Assim, concluiu-se que, nos casos da utilização do recurso hídrico para usos múltiplos da água, pode haver utilização, porém com algumas restrições. Por fim, é válido destacar que os tanques de pedra são o maior provedor de água para as famílias de ambas as comunidades, por este motivo a análise da qualidade da água deu-se para este tipo de reservatório dado a sua importância aquífera e social.    A B S T R A C T In this study, the water quality was analyzed for bacteriological levels for human consumption and other uses in so-called reservoirs Stone Tanks in rural communities Paraibano Semi-Arid: KM 21, Campina Grande (Agreste Paraibano)-PB, and Pedra Redonda (Curimataú Paraibano), Pocinhos-PB. As a criterion of choice of the communities, it considered the importance of reservoirs for the population, given as the primary reservoir for capturing rainwater and storage. The water quality was analyzed from seven collections with the determination of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The methodology applied was the enzymatic method of substrate defined Colilert. For the physico-chemical analysis, we used 24 parameters identified by the Maximum Permissible Value (MPV). The results for microbiological and physico-chemical parameters are based on the Ministry of Health Ordinance 2914/11. We used photographic record to obtain images of the reservoirs. The results showed that the water quality of communities found compromised, considering that was infected in the bacteriological level (Escherichia coli and Coliforms totals) and physico-chemical for color and turbidity, these parameters being used for human consumption. Thus, it was concluded that in cases where the use of water resources for multiple uses water can be used, but with some restrictions. Finally, it is worth noting that the stone tanks are the largest water provider for the families of both communities, for this reason the analysis of water quality was given for this type of reservoir given its importance aquifer and social. Keywords: Water resources; Sustainability; water management; Agreste of Paraíba; Brazilian semiarid.   

scholarly journals Water quality monitoring of the Pirapó River watershed, Paraná, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4 suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Bortoletto ◽  
H. A. Silva ◽  
C. M. Bonifácio ◽  
C. R. G. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Pirapó River watershed in Paraná, Brazil, and identify the critical pollution sites throughout the drainage basin. The water quality was monitored during the period from January 2011 to December 2012. Nine points distributed throughout the main channel of the Pirapó River were sampled for a total of 17 samplings. The water quality was evaluated based on the determination of 14 physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Analysis of the variables monitored in the Pirapó River watershed using factor analysis/principal components analysis (FA/PCA) indicated the formation of three distinct groups of parameters: water temperature (Twater), dissolved oxygen (DO) and a group composed of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and nitrite (NO2–). The parameters Twater and DO exhibited a relationship with the seasonality, and the TSS, turbidity, and NO2– levels were correlated with surface runoff caused by rainfall events. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the sampling points enabled the selection of the 10 most important variables from among the 14 evaluated parameters. The results showed that the nitrate (NO3–), NO2–, TSS, turbidity and total phosphorous (TP) levels were related to the soil type, and the parameters DO, electrical conductivity (EC), ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and thermotolerant coliforms (TC) were related to organic matter pollution, with the P5 sampling site being the most critical site. The ordination diagram of the sampling points as a function of the PCA indicated a reduction from 9 to 5 sampling points, indicating the potential for decreasing the costs associated with monitoring.

scholarly journals Avaliação da qualidade higiênico-sanitária e nutricional do queijo de coalho comercializado informalmente na cidade de Sousa/PB

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Kelly Karine Neves da Costa ◽  
Kelly Dantas Leite ◽  
Mayara Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Luiza Macedo de Araújo ◽  
Bruno Alexandre De Araújo Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Current Standards

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological composition of the curd cheese informally sold in Sousa / PB. From May to August 2016, every 28 days, three samples from different vendors, called A, B and C, were collected so as to carry out microbiological and physicochemical analyzes. The results obtained were compared with Normative Instruction 12/2001 and IN 146/1996. Regarding total and thermotolerant coliforms, most of the samples presented did not meet the expected standards. Escherichia coli was present in all the samples, in different months, though. As for the Salmonella survey, it was only detected in the sample B of the month of August. Regarding staphylococcus aureus it was found that only samples C and B of May and June, were within the current standards of the Legislation. For the physicochemical analyzes, the pH ranged from 5.55 to 6.83; The acidity from 0.06 to 1.11%; Humidity from 35.02 to 48.93%; Ashes from 3.34 to 6.69%; Fat from 18.05 to 26.90%; The proteins from 20.97 to 26.01% and the sodium chloride from 0.78 to 2.67%. Results indicate that the samples are in disagreement when compared with the legislation, in addition to that, there were variations in the results obtained during the development of the research which shows that these products do not have any standardization and are not appropriate for human consumption.

scholarly journals Water quality in individual groundwater supply systems in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e65
Author(s):  
Silvana Isabel Schneider ◽  
Jaqueline Ineu Golombieski ◽  
Debora Seben ◽  
Kananda Cabral Menegazzo ◽  
Arci Dirceu Wastowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Sampling Points

This study aimed to evaluate the potability of drinking water in ten municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, distributed in rural and urban areas, with three different sources: springs, shallow wells, and deep wells. The water quality parameters analyzed from 2017 to 2019 were: pH, temperature, apparent and true color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate, total phosphorus, total iron, fluoride, biochemical oxygen demand, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. A macroscopic analysis was also conducted in the surrounding of sampling points. According to the Brazilian and the WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines, some of the analyzed variables, in some sampling points, were in disagreement with the current both guidelines, which are pH, apparent color, turbidity, total iron, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The surveillance showed that the deeper the water is abstracted the less are natural and anthropogenic interferences in physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the water; and the protection of the location where the water is abstracted improves its quality. Nonetheless, for the sampled waters it is necessary a disinfection process for posterior human consumption.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical and microbiological quality of water used for public supply in the municipality of Alvorada D’Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e198101119357
Author(s):  
Thander Jacson Nunes Calente ◽  
Grazieli Nunes Calente Santos ◽  
Wesclen Vilar Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Free Residual Chlorine

The study analyzed the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters carried out by the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (AWSS) of the Municipality of Alvorada D’Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil. The parameters analyzed were: pH, turbidity, free residual chlorine, total coliforms (TC), thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) and heterotrophic bacteria. The values of hydrogen potential (pH) were obtained with a digital pH meter. The analyzes were carried out the 2013 to 2019. The turbidity and free residual chlorine values were obtained according to the method of the Practical Manual of Water Analysis of the National Health Foundation (FUNASA). To determine the microbiological parameters, PetrifilmTM plates (3MTM do Brasil Ltda) were used, following the manufacturer's guidelines. The analyzed values were compared with reference values described in Consolidation Ordinance nº. 5, of September 28, 2017, of the Ministry of Health (MS) which sets the standards for potability of water intended for human consumption. The results varied for all parameters evaluated: pH (3.11 to 8.24), turbidez (0.02 to 3,01), TC (0 to 100%), TTC (0 to 100%) and heterotrophic bacteria (85 to 100%). The values obtained for free residual chlorine were the only parameter to follow the reference values. The highest contamination for TC and heterotrophic bacteria were reported in 2019, higher the limits established in Brazilian legislation. Thus, the water was characterized as unfit for consumption and requires severe control for TC and heterotrophic bacteria.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document