scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of "pure water" sold in Niamey, Niger

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3412-3427
Author(s):  
Bachir Mijitaba Sahirou ◽  
Mahaman Sani Laouali ◽  
Abdoulkadri Ayouba Mahamane ◽  
Hassane Hassane Adamou ◽  
Haoua Amadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, sachet water known as "pure water" has gained the confidence of the Nigerien public because of its low price, availability, convenience, and quality perception by consumers. This study highlights the impact of storage on the quality of pure water sold in Niamey. Thus, eleven of the twelve analyzed physicochemical parameters have been monitored during six weeks of "pure water" storage in the sun and at laboratory ambient temperature. From the results obtained, the physicochemical parameters are in norms except the turbidity and the residual chlorine. On the Bacteriological plan, the total germs, the salmonellae, the fecal streptococci and the Escherichia coli have been identified. In addition, the monitoring of the evolution of the parameters analyzed during six weeks of storage revealed a change of the organoleptic quality that appears in the fourth week and a development of Escherichia Coli for the "pure water" exposed in the sun. This study showed, on the one hand, that these "pure water" would be unfit to the human consumption and on the other hand, their storage for a prolonged period and a high temperature affects their qualities. Les eaux conditionnées en sachet plastique, communément appelées "pure water", ont depuis quelques années, gagné la confiance du public nigérien en raison de leur faible prix, leur disponibilité, la commodité, et de la perception de qualité par les consommateurs. Ce travail étudie l’impact du stockage sur la qualité des "pure water" vendues à Niamey. Ainsi, onze parmi les douze paramètres physico-chimiques analysés ont été suivis pendant six semaines de stockage des "pure water" au soleil et à la température ambiante de laboratoire. A l’issue des résultats obtenus, les paramètres physico-chimiques sont dans les normes hormis la turbidité et le chlore résiduel. Sur le plan bactériologique, les germes totaux, les salmonelles, les streptocoques fécaux et les Escherichia colis ont été identifiés. Par ailleurs, le suivi de l’évolution des paramètres analysés pendant six semaines de stockage a révélé une altération de la qualité organoleptique qui se manifeste à la quatrième semaine et un développement des Escherichia colis pour les "pure water" exposées au soleil. Cette étude a montré, d’une part, que ces "pure water" seraient impropres à la consommation humaine et d’autre part, leur stockage pendant une période prolongée et une température élevée affecte leurs qualités.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE WATER TABLE WELLS USED FOR HUMAN DRINKING, ALTA FLORESTA, MT, BRAZIL

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (12) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Mairo Fabio CAMARGO ◽  
Clóvis Fernando RACHOR ◽  
Aline Goulart MEDEIROS ◽  
Ricardo Keichi UMETSU
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Government

Water is essential for the existence and well-being of humanity and should be of good quality to ensure the maintenance of life. The present work aim to determine the quality of the well water used for human consumption. The physical-chemical and microbiological analysis (turbidity, pH, residual chlorine, total coliforms and Escherichia coli were carried out according to the Government MS 518/2004 of the Brazilian Ministry Health. The samples have been carried out in February, 2008. The neighborhoods of Alta Floresta were divided into three sections. In each section were collected 20 samples. The pH of most samples was less than 6.0, disagreeing with the Brazilian directive. There was no free chlorine residual in the samples. Color and turbidity showed values ( 15µH and 5,0 uT, respectively) according to Brazilian directive. The total coliform and Escherichia coli were found in all samples. According to the microbiological analysis, all samples were classified as inappropriate for human consumption.

The Development of Agritourism in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the Light of International and National Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Mariola Tracz ◽  
Małgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska ◽  
Radosław Uliszak
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Podkarpackie Voivodeship is one of the regions of Poland in which the number of agritourism entities is very high. Therefore tourism plays a significant role in its development strategy. The aim of the paper is to identify the current state of agritourism and the changes that have occurred in the region in the years 2000–2016. Specific objectives are to determine the distribution of agritourism farms and their offer, together with a comprehensive analysis of the environmental and socio-economic factors, as well as the impact of the Slovak-Ukrainian border. The report was developed on the statistical materials from the Polish Central Statistical Office, Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Centre in Boguchwała and data collected from municipalities and district offices that is published on their websites, as well as through interviews with 100 owners of agritourism farms in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The research has shown, on the one hand, the decline in the number of farms in the region and, on the other hand, the increase in the diversity of the tourist offer of these entities. Distribution of agritourism farms is closely linked to the attractiveness of natural environment and quality of secondary tourism resources. Traditional agritourism has not yet fully used its countryside, as well as cross-border advantages of its location.

scholarly journals Personality and Dementia: an Approach to Differential Profile of the Caregiver

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Elena de Andrés-Jiménez ◽  
Rosa Mª Limiñana-Gras ◽  
Encarna Fernández-Ros
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to determine the existence of a characteristic personality profile of family carers of people with dementia. The correct knowledge and use of psychological variables which affect the carer, helps to promote appropriate actions to mitigate the impact of care and improve the carer’s quality of life and likewise the one of the person cared for. The study population consists of 69 family carers of people with dementia, members of various associations and care centers. The results allow us to identify a characteristic personality profile for these carers and it reveals a specific psychological working in this sample, although we cannot directly relate it with the tasks of caring for people with this disease, this profile gives us very relevant information to pay more attention to the needs of this group. Moreover, the analysis of personality styles depends on the sex of the family carer, showing, once again, that the woman is in a situation of most vulnerability.

An Optimal Service Selection with Constraints Based on QoS Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Xin Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Computing Time ◽  
Service Selection ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Availability Constraints ◽  
The One ◽  
Qos Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
Reliability And Availability

In the paper, we propose an allocation scheme that minimizes the response time and cost of the solution subject to reliability and availability constraints in terms of expected value. The algorithm proposed in this paper aims to discover services with high QoS performance, and reduce the execute time at the same time. First, we identify the impact of various structural aspects of the composition in terms of the performance and outcomes of the composition. Then, an algorithm is proposed which can reduce the computing time and makes sure better quality of the services selection at the same time by examining a very tiny fraction of the solution space.Finally, we proves the advantage of the new algorithm by comparing the time obtained by our proposed algorithm with the one achieved by other algorithm.

scholarly journals Introductory Talk

1988 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. xxxiii-xxxiii
Author(s):  
G. Cayrel de Strobel
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
The Sun ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Impact

The idea to organize a Conference on high S/N spectroscopy came to me several years ago, in the beginning of the eighties, when the first tracings of Reticon spectra of 8 and 9 magnitude stars were published. I suddendly realized that the quality of those spectra was comparable to those we find in the at lasses of the Sun, Procyon, Arcturus and of a very few other very bright stars. I thought at that epoch, probably at the top of Mauna Kea, that when high-resolution spectroscopists will have collected enough high S/N results, then, time would be ripe to discuss the impact of these results on our Knowledge of Stellar Physics.

scholarly journals Impact of pre-treatment technologies on soil aquifer treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Besançon ◽  
M. Pidou ◽  
P. Jeffrey ◽  
B. Jefferson ◽  
K. S. Le Corre
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of pre-treatment options on the performances of soil columns simulating soil aquifer treatment (SAT). For this purpose a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and vertical flow reed beds were used as single units or in combination before SAT. The influent and effluent from each treatment train were monitored over three successive 6-month periods, corresponding to changes in the operational conditions of the MBR and CAS units from 6 days' sludge retention time (SRT) to 12 and 20 days. All the columns acted as efficient polishing steps for solids and bacteria. The column receiving effluent from the CAS system running at 6 days' SRT also presented high total nitrogen and total phosphorus removals, but this column was also associated with the lowest infiltration rates over that period. While the quality of the effluent from the column following the CAS process increased over 18 months of operation, the effluent quality of the columns receiving MBR effluent degraded. No correlations were found between variations in SRT of the MBR and CAS processes and the columns' performances. Overall, all columns, except the one receiving CAS effluent, underwent a reduction in infiltration rate over 18 months.

scholarly journals Influencers deportivos y su repercusión en el consumo, la actividad física y su proyección en redes sociales por los adolescentes andaluces (España) (Sports influencers and their impact on consumption, physical activity and their projection on social net

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 591-602
Author(s):  
Javier Gil Quintana ◽  
Rafael Felipe Ruiz ◽  
Miguel Ángel Moreno Muro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

El objetivo de la presente investigación, cuyo corte metodológico es mixto, ha sido conocer el impacto que ejercen los influencers deportivos en un grupo poblacional de 404 adolescentes andaluces encuestados y 10 entrevistados cuya edad abarca desde los 16 hasta los 20 años. Atendiendo a los principales hallazgos, se demuestra que estos influencers contribuyen de manera positiva a aumentar el grado de motivación y adherencia por la actividad física. De forma sintética, el estudio establece una disociación entre la modalidad deportiva que se practica y el género del adolescente. Con esta afirmación queda expresado que ambos géneros tienen tendencia a seguir a influencers de su mismo género. Además, no se ha podido determinar que los hombres compren más dispositivos electrónicos que las mujeres. Sin embargo, un aspecto significativo a nivel estadístico es que el género masculino presenta más tendencia por compartir los datos en redes sociales y que los adolescentes que han comprado un dispositivo han intentado, en la mayor medida posible, que la marca se asemeje al que promociona su influencer. Concluimos que la labor que ejercen estos personajes públicos sobre sus seguidores es eficaz y directa, pues son capaces de incidir significativamente y mejorar la calidad de vida de todo aquel que los secunden.  Abstract. The main of this research, whose methodological approach is mixed, has been to determine (otra opción: was to determine) the impact of sports influencers have on a population group of 404 Andalusian adolescents surveyed and 10 interviewees whose age ranges from 16 to 20 years. According to the main findings, it is shown that these influencers contribute positively to increasing the degree of motivation and adherence to physical activity. In summary, the study establishes a dissociation between the type of sport practiced and the gender of the adolescent. This statement shows that both genders tend to follow influencers of the same gender. In addition, it could not be determined that men buy more electronic devices than women. However, a statistically significant aspect is that males are more likely to share data on social media and that adolescents who have bought a device have tried, as much as possible, to have the brand resemble the one promoted by their influencer. Finally, it is concluded that the work of these public figures over their followers is effective and direct, as they are able to have a significant impact and improve the quality of life of all those who support them.

scholarly journals The impact of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the variability of Escherichia coli in rivers in southwest Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Majedul Islam ◽  
Md. Atikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Faecal contamination of surface water sources is an important water quality issue worldwide. Although quite a few studies exist on surface water faecal contamination and variability of indicator bacteria, most of the studies have been based on larger river basins and in temperate region. The variability is relatively unknown in local scale and in tropical developing countries. In this study we assess how anthropogenic and environmental factors affect faecal contamination and physicochemical parameters in Rupsha and Bhairab rivers around Khulna city, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from six locations of the rivers during a wet and dry period in 2018 to measure Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations. Water physicochemical parameters—temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were also measured. Higher concentrations of E. coli were found in the sampling sites located near the densely populated urban area compared to the downstream site, which receives fewer amounts of discharges from sewer drains. All the E. coli samples violated bathing water quality standards. E. coli concentrations were found to be correlated positively with precipitation and turbidity. A linear regression model was applied, that explains large part of the variation in E. coli concentration (R2 = 0.42). Water quality index assessment was also ranked the water quality as ‘poor’ category; indicate that the water is unsuitable for uses in domestic and recreational purposes and high health risks involved with the water use. The study findings highlight the problem of untreated sewage discharge into the rivers. Implementation of sewage treatment plant with adequate capacity is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Ecologically adjusted human development index

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Elena V. Ryumina
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article offeres an approach to including ecological factor in the Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is aimed at reflecting the quality of life of population, which is defined along with other important characteristics and state of environment. However, there is still no ecological living conditions of population in the formalized representation of HDI. Two directions of constructing ecologically adjusted HDI are developed: introducing ecological index to HDR, and using ecologically adjusted GDP/GRP in income index. Ecological index reflecting the state of environment in the places of residence and recreation of population is constructed on the basis of indicators of the number of air/water samples exceeding the ambient standards, as a percentage of the total number of examined samples. This indicator is presented in the annex to the statistical handbook «Environment Protection in Russia» for all regions. It is offered to modify the index of income in HDI by subtraction of the economic damage caused by pollution from income, as this part of income does not go to growth of the population welfare, but only compensates for the damage. For implementation of this approach there is no official statistics, and in the study was used the database accumulated by the author over many years of ecological-economic research. As a result, there was calculated ecologically adjusted HDI for all 85 regions in comparison with the traditional HDI. In 14 regions with the best ecological situation the HDI value grew, in the others it decreased. Some of the regions formerly leading by the HDI value lost their positions. Comparing the impact on HDI of ecological index on the one hand, and of modifications of income index on the other, showed an incomparably greater role of the introduction of ecological index.

scholarly journals Personality and Dementia: an Approach to Differential Profile of the Caregiver

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Elena de Andrés-Jiménez ◽  
Rosa Mª Limiñana-Gras ◽  
Encarna Fernández-Ros
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to determine the existence of a characteristic personality profile of family carers of people with dementia. The correct knowledge and use of psychological variables which affect the carer, helps to promote appropriate actions to mitigate the impact of care and improve the carer’s quality of life and likewise the one of the person cared for. The study population consists of 69 family carers of people with dementia, members of various associations and care centers. The results allow us to identify a characteristic personality profile for these carers and it reveals a specific psychological working in this sample, although we cannot directly relate it with the tasks of caring for people with this disease, this profile gives us very relevant information to pay more attention to the needs of this group. Moreover, the analysis of personality styles depends on the sex of the family carer, showing, once again, that the woman is in a situation of most vulnerability.

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