scholarly journals ‘OVERLOAD’ POTRET TRANSPORTASI ANGKUTAN BARANG DALAM KARYA STREET PHOTOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Sulistiyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Excess Burden ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Street Photography

Humans are creatures that are able to move and move from one place to another. Long before the wheel was discovered as part of the means of human transportation, animals and livestock such as horses, cows, camels and even elephants were used as a means of transportation. Apart from being a tool to speed up and lighten the travel time of these animals, sometimes the burden is attached to the rider. After the wheels were found, humans made transport vehicles that functioned as places for passengers and goods which were then pulled by animals so that the loads carried became more efficient and more efficient. Along with the development of time from time to time until finally motorized vehicles were found, the distance between the movement of people and goods was getting farther, more numerous and faster. Humans can move freely with current road facilities and adequate facilities. Almost everyone today can afford a vehicle from a bicycle to a plane depending on the abilities and needs of each individual. Movement or mobilization is not only human but also goods. Movable goods clearly require transportation assistance and humans as the perpetrators and are supported by the ease of road facilities and infrastructure. Each vehicle created has its own specifications and specifications, be it designation, capacity and recommended load. For example, passenger vehicles are not allowed to carry goods and vice versa. Especially if it is related to the recommended load capacity, whether it is a passenger vehicle or goods, it will clearly affect the safety of both the driver, passengers and luggage. Seeing the tendency in Indonesia, things related to the transportation function and discipline are often violated, the writer and photographer in this study is interested in the theme of 'overload', namely the portrait of transportation, especially freight transport in Indonesia, which is often seen carrying excess burden or over capacity in street / Street photography works. Photography Keywords: Street Photography, Transportation, Street Photography

scholarly journals The value of travel time savings in freight transport: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaher Binsuwadan ◽  
Gerard De Jong ◽  
Richard Batley ◽  
Phill Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Survey Respondent ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings

AbstractThe value of freight travel time savings (VFTTS) is a monetary value that is considered an important input into cost–benefit analysis and traffic forecasting. The VFTTS is defined as the marginal rate of substitution between travel time and cost and may therefore differ across firms, time and countries. The paper aims to explain variations in the VFTTS by using the meta-analysis method. The analysis covers 106 monetary valuations extracted from 56 studies conducted from 1988 to 2018 in countries across the globe. The meta-analysis method determines the factors that have an impact on these VFTTS variations. The paper briefly introduces the VFTTS concept and describes the adopted meta-analysis methodology, wherein different meta-models are used in VFTTS estimations. The results highlight the necessity of including multiple explanatory variables to ensure adequate explanation of the VFTTS variations. The findings also show that GDP per capita, transport mode and type of survey respondent are statistically significant variables. The paper sheds some light on the variations, thereby advancing the understanding of each factor’s effects on the VFTTS. Furthermore, meta-model outcomes are used to generate new values of travel time savings for different transport modes in freight transport, for several countries. These implied VFTTS can be used as benchmarks to assess existing evidence or provide new evidence to countries where no such values exist.

scholarly journals Characteristics Analysis of Freight Mode Choice Model According to the Introduction of a New Freight Transport System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungjin Shin ◽  
Hong-Seung Roh ◽  
Sung Hur
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Transport Mode

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of freight mode choices made by shippers and carriers with the introduction of a new freight transport system. We set an area in which actual freight transport takes place as the analysis scope and performed a survey of the shippers and carriers that transport containers to identify their stated preference (SP) regarding the new freight mode. The SP survey was carried out through an experimental design and this study considered the three factors of transport time, transport cost, and service level. This study compared and analyzed the models by distance using an individual behavior model. The results of estimating the model showed that the explanatory power of the model classified by distance and the individual parameters have statistical significance. The hit ratio was also high, which confirms that the model was estimated properly. In addition, the range of elasticity and the value of travel time analyzed using the model were evaluated to be appropriate compared to previous studies. The findings of the elasticity analysis show that strategies for reducing the transport cost are effective to increase the demand for the new transport mode. The value of travel time of freight transport was found to be higher than the current value generally applied in Korea. Considering that the value of travel time currently used is based on road freight transport, further research is required to apply a new value of travel time that reflects the characteristics of the new transport mode in the future.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN LOKASI TOWER CRANE PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI BERBASIS SIMULASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Gerwyn Persulessy ◽  
Basuki Anondho
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Tower Crane ◽  
Location Determination ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Geometric Layout

Development of high-level building construction projects that require complex equipment that can be used in high-level construction, equipment used to help complete construction projects called heavy equipment. One of the heavy equipment used in high-rise buildings is a tower crane. The use and layout of tower cranes can speed up the schedule and save on project costs. Therefore many methods have been developed to determine the tower crane layout. This study will discuss determining the location of tower cranes by discussing simulations. The location will be determined based on the site map data which is processed in the form of a geometric arrangement and tower crane data specifications. Location determination is done by comparing the total travel time of several simulated locations according to several different speed criteria in a construction project. Speed criteria are divided into four times the jib speed and trolley speed. Location of the location with the total travel time will be taken as the final result. Different speed criteria will make the total travel time change. ABSTRAKPerkembangan proyek pembangunan gedung bertingkat tinggi yang semakin kompleks menyebabkan diperlukannya peralatan yang dapat mempermudah pembangunan gedung bertingkat, peralatan yang digunakan untuk membantu menyelesaikan tugas konstruksi disebut alat berat. Salah satu peralatan berat yang digunakan pada gedung bertingkat tinggi adalah tower crane. Penggunaan dan tata letak tower crane yang baik dapat mempercepat jadwal dan menghemat biaya proyek. Oleh karena itu banyak dikembangkan metode-metode untuk menentukan tata letak tower crane. Penelitian ini akan membahas penetapan letak lokasi tower crane dengan pendekatan  simulasi. Letak lokasi akan ditetapkan berdasarkan data site map yang diolah dalam bentuk geometric layout dan data spesifikasi tower crane. Penetapan lokasi dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan total travel time dari beberapa lokasi yang disimulasi sesuai dengan beberapa kriteria kecepatan yang berbeda-beda pada suatu proyek konstruksi. Kriteria kecepatan terbagi menjadi empat berdasarkan besarnya kecepatan jib dan kecepatan trolley. Letak lokasi dengan total travel time terkecil akan diambil sebagai hasil akhir. Kriteria-kriteria kecepatan yang berbeda disimulasi akan membuat total travel time berubah.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF HEAVY VEHICLES ON TRAFFIC PARAMETERS BY USING HEAVY VEHICLE FACTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Parthkumar Patel ◽  
H.R. Varia
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
The Impact

Safe, convenient and timely transportation of goods and passengers is necessary for development of nation. After independence road traffic is increased manifold in India. Modal share of freight transport is shifted from Railway to roadways in India. Road infrastructures continuously increased from past few decades but there is still need for new roads to be build and more than three forth of the roads having mixed traffic plying on it. The impact of freight vehicles on highway traffic is enormous as they are moving with slow speeds. Nature of traffic flow is dependent on various traffic parameters such as speed, density, volume and travel time etc. As per ideal situation these traffic parameters should remain intact, but it is greatly affected by presence of heavy vehicle in mixed traffic due to Svehicles plying on two lane roads. Heavy vehicles affect the traffic flow because of their length and size and acceleration/deceleration characteristics.  This study is aimed to analyse the impact of heavy vehicles on traffic parameters.

scholarly journals Operating Time Division for a Bus Route Based on the Recovery of GPS Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Link Travel Time ◽  
Partition Method ◽  
Bus Travel Time

Bus travel time is an important source of data for time of day partition of the bus route. However, in practice, a bus driver may deliberately speed up or slow down on route so as to follow the predetermined timetable. The raw GPS data collected by the GPS device equipped on the bus, as a result, cannot reflect its real operating conditions. To address this concern, this study first develops a method to identify whether there is deliberate speed-up or slow-down movement of a bus. Building upon the relationships between the intersection delay, link travel time, and traffic flow, a recovery method is established for calculating the real bus travel time. Using the dwell time at each stop and the recovered travel time between each of them as the division indexes, a sequential clustering-based time of day partition method is proposed. The effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated using the data of bus route 63 in Harbin, China. Results show that the partition method can help bus enterprises to design reasonable time of day intervals and significantly improve their level of service.

Rotordynamic Behavior of 225 kW (300 HP) Class PMS Motor–Generator System Supported by Gas Foil Bearings

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bok Seong Choe ◽  
Tae Ho Kim ◽  
Chang Ho Kim ◽  
Yong Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Thrust Bearings ◽  
Foil Bearings ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

This paper presents the dynamic behavior of a 225 kW class (300 HP), 60,000 rpm, permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motor–generator system supported on gas foil bearings (GFBs). The rotor of a 225 kW PMS motor is supported by two identical gas foil journal bearings (GFJBs) and one pair of gas foil thrust bearings (GFTBs). The total weight and axial length of the coupled rotors are 272 N and 1042 mm, respectively. During the speed-up test to 60,000 rpm, unexpected large subsynchronous rotor motions appear at around 120–130 Hz above 35,040 rpm. After disassembling the motor, an inspection of the top foils of the GFJBs reveals significant rotor rubbing. Thus, the GFJBs are redesigned to have a smaller load capacity by reducing their axial length to 45 mm. In addition, three 50 μm thick shims are installed in the GFJBs at 120 deg intervals for reducing the swirl speed of air and producing bearing preloads. The modification delays the onset speed of subsynchronous motions to 43,200 rpm and decreases the amplitude of the subsynchronous motions from 20 to 15 μm. These results indicate that the modification improves the stability margin of the high-speed rotor system with increasing stiffness and damping. In addition, the logarithmic decrement trends are in good agreement with the test results.

scholarly journals Recycling Potential of Plastic Resources from End-of-Life Passenger Vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10285
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Shiyu Huang ◽  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
Yiyi Ju
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Recyclable Resources

A rapid increase in the number of end-of-life (EoL) passenger vehicles has led to a large amount of waste plastics in China. However, the scale and efficiency of recycling resources from EoL vehicles still restricts the sustainable and healthy development of the automotive industry. The current behavior of automotive/recycling industry entities, as well as the strategy of waste management policymakers, may depend on the potential of total recyclable resources. To reveal such recycling potential of various plastic materials in EoL passenger vehicles, we predicted total EoL passenger vehicles in China from 2021 to 2030 (used the Weibull distribution) considering passenger vehicle ownership (estimated by the Gompertz model), quantified the demand for new passenger vehicles (estimated using its non-linear relationship with income level and passenger vehicle ownership), and assessed the recyclable plastics by categories and by provinces. The results show that (i) the annual average recycled plastic resources from EoL vehicles would exceed 2400 thousand t in 2030, more than 2.5 times in 2021, showing a great recycling potential; (ii) the differences among the three scenarios are relatively small, indicating that no matter the saturation level of passenger vehicles in China would be high or low, a rapid increase of recyclable plastic resources can be expected from 2021 to 2030; (iii) at the provincial level, a considerable gap between the potential of recycling plastic from EoL passenger vehicles and the regional processing capacity. Given such great potential and regional differences, the recycling policies should be applied in stages and consider the development level and recovery pressure in each region.

scholarly journals The Potential and Trend of End-Of-Life Passenger Vehicles Recycling in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Kiyoshi Fujikawa ◽  
Junbo Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yiyi Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Light Weighting ◽  
Recyclable Resources ◽  
Manufacturing Mode

The contradiction between limited resources and rapid development in the automobile industry has been driving society to seek the supply of recyclable resources from End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs). It has become an urgent need for vehicle recycling policymakers to have an overall understanding of the end-of-life (EoL) vehicle population, as well as for vehicle producers to note what and how they can benefit from ELV recycling. This paper estimated the potential population of EoL passenger vehicles, all recyclable resources from them, as well as the economic values of these recyclable resources. The results show that in 2030, with a lighter-weight trend of passenger vehicles, more than 26.3 million passenger vehicles will be retired with 19.1 million tons of recyclable steel and 6.2 million tons of plastics. The theoretical economic value of all recyclable resources will reach 101.3 billion yuan ($14.4 billion) in 2030, which is an average of approximately 2.4 thousand yuan ($341.8) for each EoL passenger vehicle. It is time for the vehicle producers to shift to a manufacturing mode considering such large potential of ELV recycling. The scenario analysis suggests that in the context of a light-weighting trend, ELV resource recovery in the future calls for improvement in the recycling and reuse technologies of plastics and rubbers.

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