scholarly journals Asymptomatic Isolated Cervical Tubercular Lymphadenopathy, How to Proceed?: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ravi Singh Dogra ◽  
Arjun Singh ◽  
Vinay Bhardwaj ◽  
Poonam ◽  
Srijan Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Tubercular Lymphadenitis

Tuberculosis is a highly prevalent disease in developing countries, the majority of cases are pulmonary and rest are extra-pulmonary. Cervical LN tuberculosis is one of the most common types of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Isolated cervical tubercular Lymphadenitis without accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis or another form of tuberculosis in the body is rare and, when present, requires thorough clinical examination and investigation. In the investigation of such patients, FNAC plays a major role, and aspirate should be tested for AFB through ZN stain and CBNAAT (PCR). Cervical tubercular Lymphadenitis is mainly a disease of young with a female predominance. All patients of cervical tubercular Lymphadenitis must receive antitubercular therapy with strict follow up for compliance and possible side effects from treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Acid Fast Bacilli Smear and Culture for the Diagnosis of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basista Rijal ◽  
P Ghimire ◽  
N R Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

The study was conducted with the objectives to compare the Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining and Culture for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and to find out the burden of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis from the different site of the body in suspected TB patients. The standard Ziehl-Neelsen Technique was done for AFB staining and culture was done in Ogawa Medium. Of the 292 extra-pulmonary samples examined by AFB smear only 2(0.7%) were positive and of the 1058 extra-pulmonary samples cultured 20 (1.9%) were positive. The isolation rate for extra-pulmonary samples was three fold higher in culture in comparison to AFB Smear. The confirmation rate of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was approximately 1/ 8th of the pulmonary tuberculosis by conventional bacteriological diagnostic methods. Of the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis renal, endometrial or pelvic and cold abscess were common in this study. M.tuberculosis was also isolated from peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, Synovial fluid, lymph node and cerebro spinal fluids only by culture. In conclusion, the standard AFB culture has significant role for diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, even though the conventional bacteriological technique could diagnose very low number of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The new methods of diagnosis should be considered to confirm more extra- pulmonary  tuberculosis.Key Words: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, AFB Smear, Culture, Diagnosis, Nepal.

scholarly journals Family Health Exercise: Follow-up of an Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Kavindra Thapa ◽  
D Sharma ◽  
D Karki ◽  
D Sharma ◽  
FK Gurung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Service Role ◽  
Psychological Gender ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

During the third year of MBBS program, we had a course of family health exercise in community medicine. This course was designed to produce competent family physicians; to enable us to understand the social, cultural, psychological, gender and economical aspects of illness, the interactions of ill persons with different members of the family and community health service, role of family members and family environment in patient care. It helped us to understand the natural history of the disease and importance of patient follow up. We were able to differentiate the nature of the problems while seeing the patients in the family from the nature of the same problems when the patient is seen in clinic or hospital. Here we present a follow-up of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient in our family health exercise during third year MBBS program.Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 70-75

scholarly journals Epidemiology and the diagnostic challenge of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243945
Author(s):  
Balew Arega ◽  
Amdemeskel Mersha ◽  
Abraham Minda ◽  
Yitagesu Getachew ◽  
Alazar Sitotaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Histopathology Finding ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Tubercular Lymphadenitis ◽  
Recorded Diagnosis

Background Ethiopia reported a high rate of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and the cases are increasing since the last three decades. However, diagnostic evidence to initiate TB treatment among EPTB cases is not well known. Therefore, we described the epidemiology and assessed how EPTB is diagnosed in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a retrospective review among all adult EPTB cases diagnosed in Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College from 2015 to 2019. Using a standardized data abstraction sheet, we collected data from patients’ medical records on sociodemographic, sites, and laboratory diagnosis of EPTB cases. Results Of the 965 total TB cases, 49.8%(481) had a recorded diagnosis of EPTB during the study period. The mean age of EPTB patients was 32.9 years (SD±13.9) and 50.7% were males. Tubercular lymphadenitis (40.3%), abdominal (23.4%), and pleural TB(13.5%) were the most common sites of EPTB involvement, followed in descending order by the genitourinary, skeletal, central nervous system, abscess, breast, and laryngeal TB. We found a histopathology finding consistent with EPTB in 59.1% of cases, Acid-fast bacilli positive in 1.5%, and the rest diagnosed on radiological grounds. In the majority of cases, more than one diagnostic method was used to diagnose EPTB cases. Conclusions Nearly half of TB patients had a recorded diagnosis of EPTB that comprise heterogeneous anatomical sites. All EPTB patients were started anti-TB therapy without definitive microbiology results. This indicates the diagnostic challenge of EPTB faced in our setting and proves to be significant for TB control in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Hybrid PET/MRI findings in a case of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis associated with motor-neuron disease-like illness—a coincidence or a causation?: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Peer ◽  
Chandana Nagaraj ◽  
Sandhya Mangalore
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neuron Disease ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tubercular Infection ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Anti Tubercular Therapy

Abstract Background The association of tuberculosis and motor neuron disease-like illness has not been described previously. We present a case of co-existent pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in a young man whose clinical presentation was suggestive of a motor neuron disease-like illness and was subsequently diagnosed with tubercular infection. This case provokes our thought as to whether the association between tuberculosis and motor neuron dysfunction was just a co-incidence, given the high prevalence of tuberculosis in our set-up, or does it point towards a possible causative role of infection in motor neuron disease. Case presentation A 31-year-old man presented with progressive thinning of bilateral upper and lower limbs with associated pain and twitching sensation in upper and lower limb muscles. He had a history of loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss. On clinical examination, there was evidence of fasciculations in bilateral quadriceps, bilateral biceps, and paraspinal muscles which was further confirmed with electrophysiology. The work-up for underlying autoimmune, toxic and metabolic aetiology, and paraneoplastic aetiology was found to be negative. CT scan of the chest was suggestive of consolidations in bilateral upper lobes with multiple tree-in-bud nodules in both the lungs. Hybrid 18-Flourine-flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (F-18-FDG PET/MRI) imaging was also suggestive of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Imaging of the brain revealed atrophy along bilateral motor cortices with reduced tracer uptake. Diagnosis of tubercular infection was confirmed with nucleic acid amplification test and the patient was put on anti-tubercular therapy. On follow-up after 6 months, the patient reported improvement in the symptoms and the muscle power in bilateral upper and lower limbs. Conclusion We have described a very rare association of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis with motor neuron-like illness. It may be debated that such an association may just be co-incidental; however, given the improvement in the symptoms and signs of the motor neuron disease-like illness on follow-up while the patient was on anti-tubercular therapy, it may point towards a causative relationship between tubercular infection and motor neuron dysfunction. Further epidemiological studies should be sought for in order to reach a conclusive answer.

scholarly journals Phenotypic characterisation and drug sensitivity testing of mycobacteria isolated from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gurung ◽  
SK Bhattacharya ◽  
B Pradhan ◽  
S Gurung ◽  
YI Singh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with most cases occurring in developing countries. The importance of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) among all forms of tuberculosis has not yet been ascertained in developing countries Objective: To identify and perform phenotypic characterization of clinically important mycobacterium isolates from extra-pulmonary sites along with drug susceptibility testing. Materials and methods: A total of 513 specimens from patients of (EPTB) with varied presentation were studied. Speciation and characterization of isolates were done on the basis of growth and biochemical characteristics. Drug susceptibility testing for mycobacterium isolates was done by proportion method. Results: Fifty four patients clinically suspected to have extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were culture positive for mycobacteria. On characterization 48 of the 54 isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis, 4 as M. bovis and 2 were M. avium/ intracelulare. Drug susceptibility testing was done for the both M. tuberculosis as well as M. bovis. In single drug resistance, Streptomycin was highest followed by Isoniazid, Ethambutol and Refampicin. Multi drug resistance (MDR) was found in 6 isolates and it was observed only in group I cases. Conclusion: EPTB accounts for 10-15 percent of all cases of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium was present in 10.5 percent samples. 48 isolates out of 54 samples were found to be M. tuberculosis. The maximum numbers of M. tuberculosis were isolated from lymph node aspiration. Key words: Phenotypic characterization; drug susceptibility; extra pulmonary tuberculosis DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i1.3223 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 1, Issue 29, 57-61

scholarly journals Prevalence, Types and Treatment of Tuberculosis: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Saema Salim
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The World ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Hiv Negative

Tuberculosis (TB) has reemerged as one of the main cause of death in human beings in recent years. TB is caused by a group of species called Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and it causes three million deaths each year around the world. In 2010, the global estimated incidence of TB was about 8.0 million. The number of deaths from TB among HIV-negative patients was 1.0 million while the number of deaths among the HIV-positive TB was about 0.40 million. The higher incident and elevation of MDR cases demand efforts to shift focus to various control strategies against TB. According to WHO, in 2014 magnitude of TB was recorded as 126 positive cases per 0.1 million population in the world. Pakistan ranks fourth in high TB burden countries where each year approximately 297,000 TB cases are reported. Tuberculosis can be comprehensively grouped into two main types; pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis affects the lungs and is most common type of TB. In 15 to 20 % cases of the active TB, the infection spreads from lungs to different parts of the body. This condition is called extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Different treatment regimens are available for tuberculosis.    

scholarly journals Histopathology of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis at pathology lab of Patan Hospital, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Reetu Baral ◽  
Palzum Sherpa ◽  
Dipty Gautam ◽  
Shiva Raj KC
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Tubercular Lymphadenitis ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a common condition in underdeveloped countries, with approximately 100,000 cases in Nepal today. Tuberculosis is the 6th leading cause of death in Nepal. This study aims to find out the Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the specimen received in the pathology lab. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study of the histopathology database of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis at the pathology lab of Patan Hospital, Nepal from 2012 to 2019. Data were analyzed for prevalence, cite, and pathology details. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional review committee of Patan Hospital. Result: There were 300(1%) Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis out of 29629 specimens. The majority 170(57%) were from the lymph nodes, 36(12%) skin, followed by intestine and urogenital each 28 and 26(9%). Male to female ratio was 2:3 (n=116, 39% vs n=184, 61%). The most common age group was 20-39 years comprising 194(64%). Granuloma was present in 288(96%), and 21(7%) tested positive for Acid Fast Bacilli. Conclusion:  Among the Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis, more than half of them had tubercular lymphadenitis with granuloma present in the majority.

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