scholarly journals ACTIVITIES OF THE RSFSR NARKOMNATS (PEOPLE’S COMMISSARIAT OF NATIONALITIES) ON CREATION OF NATIONAL AUTONOMIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Elena K. Mineeva ◽  
Alevtina P. Zykina
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
National State ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Short Period ◽  
National Question ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

The national question was one of the most painful in the multi-ethnic Russian Empire, it sounded especially acute at the beginning of the XX century. In order to attract representatives of different ethnic groups to its side, the new Soviet state pursued a purposeful policy of implementing national-state construction. It should be emphasized that in the historical realities of 1918-1920s such a solution to the national question, which was implemented by the Soviet government, was unique. In no other country in the world at such a level (granting nations the right for self-determination up to separation and formation of their own state), the issue has not been raised or resolved. That is why the Bolsheviks did not have the opportunity to adopt anyone’s experience in this area, which should be attributed to one of the objective reasons for the mistakes made by Moscow in implementing this process. The article is devoted to the study of the experience in national-state building in the RSFSR, which was conducted under the leadership of the People’s Commissariat for Nationalities. The current work on preparing conditions to form autonomies in specific regions of the country (strengthening the Soviet authorities, conducting the policy of education and indigenization, publishing textbooks and organizing education in schools in national languages, etc.) was implemented by special not only functional, but also territorial Narkomnats departments such as, for example, Chuvash, Mari, Votsky ones, etc. Based on the analysis of materials from archival funds and generalization of research literature, the article shows the role of Narkomnats and its national departments in creating national-territorial autonomies in the RSFSR. In the opinion of the authors, it is necessary to continue the work on further studying the history of establishing individual autonomous associations that have not received proper coverage in the historiography of the problem to date. These, for example, include the autonomy of the Crimea and the Volga Germans. In this article, the authors dwell in more detail upon the activities of the Chuvash Department of Narkomnats, the choice of which is due to several reasons. Firstly, the work experience of this department turned out to be quite successful (it was established in May 1918, abolished after autonomy proclamation in June 1920), since in a relatively short period of time it was able to prepare the necessary prerequisites for autonomy establishment. Secondly, in 2020, the Chuvash people celebrated the 100th anniversary of statehood, in connection with which the interest in this page of the history of Chuvashia began to attract the attention of modern scientists again. The study makes no claims to be exhaustive, but makes a certain contribution to the coverage of the issue.

“The last chord of the Silver Age”: science and culture in Crimea in 1920

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kalinovsky ◽  
Alexander Puchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The South ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia

This article is devoted to the development of science and culture in the short period of the Wrangel Crimea - 1920. At this time, the brightest figures of Russian culture of that time worked on the territory of the small Peninsula: O. E. Mandelstam, M. A. Voloshin, B.D. Grekov, G.V. Vernadsky, V.I. Vernadsky and others. The article provides an overview of the life and activities of the Russian intelligentsia in 1920 in the Crimea, based on materials of periodicals as the most important source for studying the history of the Civil war in the South of Russia whose value is to be fully evaluated.

scholarly journals Ethnological aspects of the history of the legislation of the Russian Empire regarding Jews (1762–1818)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Irina Shikhova ◽  
◽  
Iulii Palihovici ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Taxes ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right

The article for the first time in Romanian examines the Jewish ethnological aspect of the history of law in the Russian Empire. The authors, using specific primary material of legislative acts, as well as other historical sources, investigate the history of the appearance of Jews within the borders of the Russian Empire, the history of the creation and functioning of the Jewish Pale of Settlement and the evolution of the official attitude towards them. The authors reveal three fundamental positions on which the entire policy of the Russian Empire regarding the Jews was built: Jews within the Russian Empire have the right to settle only in certain regions; they are attached to the kahals (later – Jewish societies), which are collectively responsible to the state; taxes from Jews are higher than from other citizens of the empire, regardless of their economic status. The particular study is devoted to the short period of liberalization in the first years of the reign of Alexander I, whose "Polojenie o evreiah" at the declarative level gave Jews almost equal rights with the rest of the citizens of the Empire and encouraged them to cultural and economic integration.. The research focuses as well on the regional aspect: history, population, territories of the modern Republic of Moldova and Romania. The chronological framework of this article is from the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great (1762) to the creation of the Bessarabian region (1818). In the future the study will continue historically, until the collapse of the Russian Empire and the abolition of the Pale of Settlement

scholarly journals Sidney J. Levy: an autobiography

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Jay Levy
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Developments

Purpose This autobiography sums up the life story of one of the contributors to the history of inquiry and instruction in the field of marketing, with special attention to the historical developments that have influenced the study of consumer behavior and the concept of branding. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an autobiographical essay, a personal history. Findings The reminiscence illustrates the way life experiences evolve, showing the interaction among personal growth, education, career choices and work experience that led to Professor Levy’s contributions to the field of marketing education and its research literature. Originality/value The paper describes a unique life, and an unusual explication of the personal life sources of influential ideas. It is novel in its large perspective and integrative narrative, and the unusual exposure of its various conceptual issues and links. It should be of interest to marketing historians, managers and scholars of marketing education.

scholarly journals Peremyshl center of the ukrainian national revival in the early ХІХ-th century in reference publications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Dudnik
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Catholic Priests ◽  
National State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church ◽  
Research Analysis

The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of illuminate in reference and bibliographic publicationsof the first educational associations of the Ukrainian national revival in Przemyśl at the beginning of the XIXcentury. Methodology: during the writing of the work the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematics,and comprehensiveness were applied, as well as – general methods of scientific research – analysis, synthesis,comparison. Scientific novelty: for the first time the coverage in the reference literature of church andsecular cultural and educational associations in Przemyśl at the beginning of the XIX century is considered.Conclusions. There are no articles in scientific reference books directly devoted to the Society of GalicianGreek Catholic Priests and the Peremyshl Cultural and Educational Circle. They are mentioned in the articlesof reference publications on the history of western Ukrainian lands, in articles devoted to famous figures ofthe Ukrainian cultural and national-state revival, sometimes – from the history of Przemyśl. Information aboutthem is incomplete, short, vague, even contradictory, in particular, regarding their names and participants. Thereference publications mention either only the society or the club, sometimes – both organizations. There is noinformation that their activities were identical, and that many of their figures were among the main members ofboth organizations. It is not reported that the church society was founded by the Peremyshl Council of Rusianpriests in 1816, which was actively opposed by both the Catholic Church and the Polish administration inGalicia. It is not reported that after losing the right to act in accordance with its statute, church society wastransformed into a cultural and educational club – a public association. The club also included church andsecular figures who not only contributed to the introduction of teaching in the Ukrainian language but werealso participants in the so-called «alphabet war».Keywords: national revival, Przemyśl, society of Galician priests, Przemyśl cultural and educationalclub, alphabetical war.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SIMBIRSK BOLSHEVIKS’ WORK AMONG THE CHUVASH POPULATION (1918–1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Anna V. Titko
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Masses ◽  
High Level ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
The Town

The article deals with the problems of creation and activity of the Chuvash national section in 1918–1920 in Simbirsk. The analysis of document kept at the State Archives of Modern History of Ulyanovsk region is indicative of the national rise of the Chuvash people after the February Revolution of 1917; it shows a high level of education among the Chuvash communists. The work experience of Chuvash Bolsheviks among the population is analyzed. Errors and achievements of propaganda work among the Chuvash population of the province are shown. In Simbirsk province 250 thousand Chuvash lived, and Simbirsk was a recognized Chuvash cultural and educational center. From 1868 the Chuvash Teacher Seminary worked in the town, which launched the beginning of national intelligentsia formation. Graduates and students of the seminary (27 persons) became members of the Chuvash section of the RCP(b), setting the task of conducting propaganda and campaigning among the Chuvash population in their native language. The members of the section were young, energetic and fairly well educated. They were able to deploy the work on the scale of the whole province but they made mistakes: they put emphasis on the printed word. Most of the peasants were illiterate. Neither the calls of the Chuvash communists to create collective farms caused their sympathy. The members of the section found the right path to the masses. They noticed a passionate interest of the Chuvash population in art. Since the autumn 1919 all the public speakings of activists were accompanied by performances and singing of national choirs. Success was not long in coming.

scholarly journals PERIODICALS OF THE UKRAINIAN COMMUNIST PARTY (BOROTBYSTY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9.1 (85.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Georgiievska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
Permanent Employees

The article considers the history of establishing and functioning of the party periodicals in Ukraine in 1919–1920. The aim of the research is to find out the main conditions of formation of the press system of the Ukrainian Communist Party (borotbysty), to trace the thematic spectrum of publications of the leading figures of the Party. The object of the study are organs and newspapers of the Ukrainian Communist Party (borotbysty), that were published in Kharkiv, Kyiv, Poltava, Vinnytsia (such as «Borotba / Struggle», «Borotbyst / Fighter», «Chervona borotba / Red struggle», «Chervonyy stiah / Red flag», «Chervonyy prapor / Red banner», and others). During the short period of Party existence, the leaders of the Ukrainian Communist Party (borotbysty) managed to form a network of party periodicals in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Poltava, Kherson, Odesa, Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Pryluky, etc. Most of the titles of party newspapers contained the word struggle or its derivatives in the logo. The main topics of publications are party documents (acts, memoranda, appeals, resolutions of party congresses and conferences), current party activities, chronicles of political affairs, letters from workers and peasants, debunking of political enemies and the opposition. Poems, short stories, and feuilletons were also published. Among the editorial boards and permanent employees of this press were party figures, writers, and publicists (V.Ellansky (V. Ellan-Blakytny), H. Mykhailychenko, V. Chumak, M. Lebedynets, M.Avdienko, O. Shumsky, A. Richytsky (A. Pisotsky), M. Pankiv, and others). Most of them were People’s commissars of education, ministers in the Soviet government, as well as members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine, but the regime of Stalin annihilated them. Their creative biographies and activities in editorial and publishing fields need to be studied and rehabilitated. In prospect, it is important to research thoroughly the heritage of the political leaders, to decipher cryptonyms and pseudonyms, which often occur on the pages of periodicals of the Ukrainian Communist Party (borotbysty).

scholarly journals ‘The right to (decent) work. The right to everyone or “chosen” ones?’ The situation in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Agata Ludera-Ruszel
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Full Circle ◽  
Market Product ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Work represents a particular economical, social and psychological relevance to the worker. Because of a personal dimension of work, that involves human beings, it cannot be separated from workers. The approach to human labour as not a market product, but as a human being, is contained in the statement that ‘labour is not a commodity’, firstly expressed in the International Labour Organization’s 1944 Declaration of Philadelphia. The reference to this assumption more recently on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of ILO activities clearly evidence that the history of labour has come full circle and the idea of decent work for workers has returned to being the centre of labour law regulations. The concerns relating to the inadequate protection of workers coincided in time with the transformative change in the world of work. With this in mind, it is then worth considering more deeply whether a decent job is an ‘exclusive’ and ‘luxurious’ ideal, and leave outside its scope a number of workers who are in need of protection because of their unique situation. The position of Poland in this picture will be analysed.

scholarly journals Dysgerminoma and pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Popovic ◽  
Sonja Pop-Trajkovic ◽  
Milan Stefanovic ◽  
Milan Trenkic ◽  
Aleksandra Aracki-Trenkic
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Primary Care Unit ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Dysgerminomas are germ cell ovarian tumors. They affect young females, prevalently during childhood. The problem arises when dysgerminoma is diagnosed in women of reproductive age who have never given birth and require a surgical procedure. Case outline. A 28-year-old patient was admitted to hospital in week 26 of her first pregnancy. The reason for patient hospitalization was the growth of the isthmic myoma diagnosed by her obstetriciangynecologist in the primary care unit. By examining the medical history of the patient, the following was revealed: A year and a half before pregnancy she was diagnosed with left ovary dysgerminoma. The patient?s medical history led us to conclude that uterine myoma was a misdiagnosis and that the actual diagnosis was dysgerminoma of the right ovary. The surgery was performed after the fetal viability had been achieved. Conclusion. Malignant ovarian tumours may occur in young women during pregnancy and increase in size significantly in a short period of time, although their recurrence is not expected in such a short period of time after surgical treatment. This poses a great challenge for obstetricians.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF "CELEBRITY" IN RUSSIAN PUBLIC SPACE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
K. I. Shneyder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Space ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

In modern historiography, the phenomenon of "celebrity" attracts close attention of specialists and experts. The study of this phenomenon is closely related to the history of the emergence and development of the public sphere, publicity, public and public opinion. The article examines the historical context of the formation of the public sphere in Russia in the second half of the 18th – the first half of the 19th centuries; the conceptual points of Jürgen Haber-mas’s model and Antoine Lilti’s theory, which are the main methodological guidelines for investigating the construc-tion of "celebrity" in public space; and the opinions of modern researchers on the issue. The author draws attention to the temporal features of the genesis of the public sphere in the conditions of the existence of an autocratic regime in Russia. The article presents a version of the multifactorial and multi-temporal history of the Europeanization of Rus-sia in the 18th century, which in short period helped integrate Russia into the context of modern European processes. In accordance with it, the society first experienced “Peter's Europeanization”, a purely foreign policy wave, thanks to which an imperial state emerged with the right to participate in European international affairs. The natural conse-quence of the previous period was “Catherine’s Europeanization”, an internal political wave that imported Western axiology, norms and practices of European governance, changes in the everyday life of the nobility, etc. into the country. The article contains an analysis of the concrete historical situation in Russia in the first half of the 19th centu-ry, which determined the time route of movement towards the establishment of a full-fledged public space in the society. In conclusion, the main factors contributed to the formation of the phenomenon of "celebrity" in the domes-tic public sphere are determined.

Z-line degradation and phagocytosis of sarcomeric fragments in myonecrosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 790-791
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Estes ◽  
Samuel M. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
White Female ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Muscle Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mononuclear Inflammatory Cell

Many muscle diseases show common pathological features although their etiology is different. In primary muscle diseases a characteristic finding is myofiber necrosis. The mechanism of myonecrosis is unknown. Polymyositis is a primary muscle disease characterized by acute and subacute degeneration as well as regeneration of muscle fibers coupled with an inflammatory infiltrate. We present a case of polymyositis with unusual ultrastructural features indicative of the basic pathogenetic process involved in myonecrosis.The patient is a 63-year-old white female with a one history of proximal limb weakness, weight loss and fatigue. Examination revealed mild proximal weakness and diminished deep tendon reflexes. Her creatine kinase was 1800 mU/ml (normal < 140 mU/ml) and electromyography was consistent with an inflammatory myopathy which was verified by light microscopy on biopsy muscle. Ultrastructural study of necrotizing myofiber, from the right vastus lateralis, showed: (1) degradation of the Z-lines with preservation of the adjacent Abands including M-lines and H-bands, (Fig. 1), (2) fracture of the sarcomeres at the I-bands with disappearance of the Z-lines, (Fig. 2), (3) fragmented sarcomeres without I-bands, engulfed by invading phagocytes, (Fig. 3, a & b ), and (4) mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the endomysium.

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