Association of Low Visual Acuity and Head Injury among the Undergraduate Students of Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria

A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Bingham University undergraduate students, Karu, to investigate the proportion of visual acuity (VA) among the students. The study aimed at investigating an association between head injury with low VA of students whose parent’s use medicated eye glasses. A total of 262 undergraduate students participated in the study. A predesigned, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was filled by the students. Eye examination using the optotype Snellen E Chart followed and the VA of the right (VARE) and left eyes (VALE) were tested separately. A regression and correlation model was used to assess the relationship between head injury and low VA. Head injury at one point of time in their life was strongly associated with low VA for both eyes (VARE, r = 0.524, R2 = 0.274, p = 0.040; VALE, r = 0.0.531, R2 = 0.282 p = 0.010). Parents’ use of medicated eye glasses was also associated with low VA of students (VARE p = 0.009; VALE p < 0.001). Our results showed that students that had any form of head injury at any point in their life either as a child, teenager or an adult, were more likely to have low VA. However, the educational status of parents, anthropometric parameters and ethnicity had no association with low VA. We conclude that any form of head injury, at any point in one’s life, and parent’s use of eye glasses are risk factors for low VA.

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Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000083 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 272-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Allison S. Christian ◽

Kristen M. McCabe

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deliberate Self Harm ◽

Self Blame ◽

Self Harm ◽

The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

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Demonstration of the relationship between MSD and online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education ◽

10.1108/jarhe-08-2020-0269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Kochu Therisa Karingada ◽

Michael Sony

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

The Right ◽

Almost All

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has caught many educational institutions by surprise and warranted an abrupt migration from offline to online learning. This has resulted in an education change, without any time for due consideration, as regards its impact on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) on students. The purpose of this study is to investigate MSD related to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate students in India. In total, 261 students participated in this online survey.FindingsThe study finds that around 80% of students have reported some symptom in the head, neck and eyes since they started online learning. In total, 58% have reported MSD symptom in the right shoulder and 56% in the right hand fingers. Besides, more than 40 % of students experienced some MSD symptoms, in almost all the body parts studied, due to online learning. Correlation analysis is conducted between time spent on online learning per day and MSD symptoms.Originality/valueThis is the first study conducted on MSD and online learning during COVID-19 pandemic.

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The Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Hospitalized Patients' Families in the Effort to Prevent COVID-19

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1736271 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anies Dewi Wirati Indraswari ◽

Abdul Aziz ◽

Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo

Keyword(s):

Strong Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

The Right ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has also hit Indonesia. Until September 2020, cases continued to increase with the highest number in Jakarta. The right behavior needs to be followed to prevent COVID-19; this aspect has a strong relationship with knowledge and attitude. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of hospitalized patients' families in Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, in an effort to prevent COVID-19. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 respondents using a self-administered questionnaire to assess their knowledge, attitude, and behavior about COVID-19. The relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior was analyzed using the chi-square test with p < 0.05. Results Most of the participants responded to the questionnaire showing a good knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to the efforts to prevent COVID-19. No relationship was present between knowledge, attitude, and behavior in an effort to prevent COVID-19 (p = 0.414 and p = 0.165). Conclusion The hospitalized patients' families exhibited an adequate level of knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors toward COVID-19.

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Low Birthweight Is Associated with Higher Risk of High Blood Pressure in Chinese Girls: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Study in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16162898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (16) ◽

pp. 2898

Author(s):

Xijie Wang ◽

Yanhui Dong ◽

Zhiyong Zou ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Zhaogeng Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Chinese Girls ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To investigate the relationship between low birthweight (LBW) and blood pressure and to assess whether LBW leads to a higher risk of high blood pressure (HBP) by gender in Chinese students aged 6–18 years. Also, to investigate whether the association was affected by childhood obesity. Methods: Data was obtained from a baseline dataset of a national school-based program. Anthropometric parameters, including height, weight, and blood pressure, were measured, while birthweight and other characteristics were obtained from questionnaires. Stratified chi-squared tests were used to compare the prevalence of HBP between LBW and normal birthweight (NBW) groups in each age and sex category. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the HBP risks in each birthweight group. Results: Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a U-shaped relationship with increased birthweight. Compared to NBW groups, LBW girls showed a higher HBP risk, with an odds ratio of 1.29 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.64, p = 0.033), regardless of their current body mass index status, while no significant association in boys was found. Conclusions: Low birthweight is associated with higher HBP risk in adolescent girls, regardless of their childhood BMI status.

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Head injury from falls in children younger than 6 years of age

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2014-307119 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (11) ◽

pp. 1032-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P Burrows ◽

L Trefan ◽

R Houston ◽

J Hughes ◽

G Pearson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Skull Fracture ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Skull Fractures ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Intracranial Injury ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serious Injury ◽

The Relationship

The risk of serious head injury (HI) from a fall in a young child is ill defined. The relationship between the object fallen from and prevalence of intracranial injury (ICI) or skull fracture is described.MethodCross-sectional study of HIs from falls in children (<6 years) admitted to UK hospitals, analysed according to the object fallen from and associated Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) or alert, voice, pain, unresponsive (AVPU) and CT scan results.ResultsOf 1775 cases ascertained (median age 18 months, 54.7% boys), 87% (1552) had a GCS=15/AVPU=alert. 19.3% (342) had a CT scan: 32% (110/342) were abnormal; equivalent to 5.9% of the overall population, 16.9% (58) had isolated skull fractures and 13.7% (47) had ICI (49% (23/47) had an associated skull fracture). The prevalence of ICI increased with neurological compromise; however, 12% of children with a GCS=15/AVPU=alert had ICI. When compared to falls from standing, falls from a person's arms (233 children (mean age 1 year)) had a significant relative OR for a skull fracture/ICI of 6.94 (95% CI 3.54 to 13.6), falls from a building (eg, window or attic) (mean age 3 years) OR 6.84 (95% CI 2.65 to 17.6) and from an infant or child product (mean age 21 months) OR 2.75 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.65).ConclusionsMost HIs from a fall in these children admitted to hospital were minor. Infants, dropped from a carer's arms, those who fell from infant products, a window, wall or from an attic had the greatest chance of ICI or skull fracture. These data inform prevention and the assessment of the likelihood of serious injury when the object fallen from is known.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Foot Growth and Its Correlation with Anthropometric Parameters in a Representative Cohort of Schoolchildren from Southern Spain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4031

Author(s):

María Luisa González-Elena ◽

Emilio Fernández-Espejo ◽

Aurora Castro-Méndez ◽

María Dolores Guerra-Martín ◽

Antonio Córdoba-Fernández

Keyword(s):

Strong Correlation ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Tanner Stage ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Foot Length ◽

The Relationship

Background: The relationship between growth of the foot and other anthropometric parameters during body development until puberty has been scarcely studied. Some studies propose that growth of the foot in length may be an early index of puberty. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between the growth of the foot in length and width with other anthropometric parameters, in prepubertal and early pubertal schoolchildren (Tanner stage II). Methods: Using an instrument that was designed and calibrated for this purpose, maximum foot length, width and height were obtained in 1005 schoolchildren. Results: The findings indicate that the age of onset of pubertal foot growth spur was 7–8 years in girls, and 8–9 years in boys. Growth in foot length stabilized in both sexes after 12 years of age. In boys, a strong correlation was found between height and foot length (r = 0.884; p < 0.047), and between body mass index (BMI) and forefoot width at 12 years of age (r = 0.935; p < 0.020). A strong correlation was found between height and forefoot width at 6 years in girls (r = 0.719; p < 0.001), as well as between BMI and metatarsal width in 10 years-old girls (r = 0.812; p <0.001). Conclusions: The average increase in foot length and width that precedes the onset of Tanner’s stage II in both girls and boys can be considered as a useful biological indicator of the onset of puberty.

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The Association of PTSD Symptom Severity With Localized Hippocampus and Amygdala Abnormalities

Chronic Stress ◽

10.1177/2470547017724069 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 247054701772406 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Teddy J. Akiki ◽

Christopher L. Averill ◽

Kristen M. Wrocklage ◽

Brian Schweinsburg ◽

J. Cobb Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ptsd Symptom ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Structural Shape ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fine Grained ◽

The Right ◽

Post Hoc ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shape Analyses

Background The hippocampus and amygdala have been repeatedly implicated in the psychopathology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While numerous structural neuroimaging studies examined these two structures in PTSD, these analyses have largely been limited to volumetric measures. Recent advances in vertex-based neuroimaging methods have made it possible to identify specific locations of subtle morphometric changes within a structure of interest. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to examine the relationship between PTSD symptomatology, as measured using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for the DSM-IV, and structural shape of the hippocampus and amygdala using vertex-wise shape analyses in a group of combat-exposed U.S. Veterans (N = 69). Results Following correction for multiple comparisons and controlling for age and cranial volume, we found that participants with more severe PTSD symptoms showed an indentation in the anterior half of the right hippocampus and an indentation in the dorsal region of the right amygdala (corresponding to the centromedial amygdala). Post hoc analysis using stepwise regression suggest that among PTSD symptom clusters, arousal symptoms explain most of the variance in the hippocampal abnormality, whereas reexperiencing symptoms explain most of the variance in the amygdala abnormality. Conclusion The results provide evidence of localized abnormalities in the anterior hippocampus and centromedial amygdala in combat-exposed U.S. Veterans suffering from PTSD symptoms. This novel finding provides a more fine-grained analysis of structural abnormalities in PTSD and may be informative for understanding the neurobiology of the disorder.

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Smoking among undergraduate students in the area of health

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/s1413-81232012000200013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 389-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia ◽

Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento ◽

Jalber Almeida Santos ◽

Tássia Almeida Pinto ◽

Raulison Vieira de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

State University ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and socio-demographic and behavioral factors among undergraduate students in the area of health at the State University of Paraíba, Brazil. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample from each of the following courses: Dentistry, Nursing, Psychology, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy and Physical Education. A total of 492 students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. Smoking prevalence was 5.7% and stress was the main reason for starting the habit (36.8%). In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, the variables of gender, religious persuasion, semester attended in the course, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with smoking (p<0.05). Although other studies reported a strong relationship between university students and smoking, the prevalence of smokers was low. Most of the variables studied revealed a correlation with smoking. Since smoking and alcohol consumption are the two major human addictions, this study suggests a bidirectional relationship between these variables.

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Comparison of contrast sensitivity in myopic patients using spectacle and contact lens correction

10.53350/pjmhs21155951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 951-953

Author(s):

Sadaf Qayyum ◽

Zubair Wahab ◽

Rabia Saeed ◽

Anbar Zulfiqar ◽

Ayisha Shakeel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Contact Lens ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spectacle Lens ◽

Optical Correction ◽

Eye Examination ◽

Optical Defocus

Aim: To compare the contrast sensitivity in different categories of myopia using two different optical correction spectacles and contact lens correction. Methods: This cross-sectional study in design was conducted from August 2018 to May 2019 at the Ophthalmology Department of Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad.45 subjects corrected with spectacles lenses and contact lenses all had corrected visual acuity of 6/9 or better were studied.The extent of myopia determined the three groups. All individuals were subjected to spectacles and Contact lens correction using slitlamp for anterior eye examination and for the fundus examination. The assessment of visual acuity was carried out by the Snellen vision Chart at 6m distance and contrastssensitivity was tested by Pelli- Robson chart. Results: Results showed a significant relationship between contrast sensitivity and type of optical correction. There were significant results of the independent t-test for spectacle and contact lenses 0.00 (p<0.005). However, the mean contrast sensitivity was better for all the three groupswith contact lens correction as compared to spectacle lens correction.Contact lenses provide better contrast sensitivity than spectacle lenses. Conclusion: Comparison between contact lens and spectacle correction was done and better quality contact lenses reduce optical defocus and give better results of contrast sensitivity. Results also concluded that loss of contrast sensitivity will be interpreted as early loss of retinal functions in severe myopes. Keywords: Myopia, Contrast sensitivity, Spectacle lens, Contact lens

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The Connection Between Triglycerides and Ectopic Fat Obesity: An Inverted U-Shaped Curve

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18448/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Zou ◽

Meng Yu ◽

Guotai Sheng ◽

Guobo Xie

Keyword(s):

Inflection Point ◽

Additive Model ◽

Smooth Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ectopic Fat ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Study Population ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Ectopic fat obesity and Triglycerides are risk factors for diabetes and multiple cardiovascular diseases, but the data on the relationship between Triglycerides and the risk of ectopic fat obesity are limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the connection between Triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, we retrospectively analyzed 15464 adult participants recruited by Murakami Memorial Hospital from 2004-2015(8430 men and 7034 women, average age 43.71±8.9), to performed the relationship between Triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity, we divided all patients into 4 groups according to the quartile of Triglycerides. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between Triglycerides and the risk of ectopic fat obesity, and the generalized additive model was used to identify the nonlinear relationship.Results: In the study population, the prevalence of ectopic fat obesity was 17.73%, and gradually increased in the quartile of Triglycerides (2.86,7.89,18.25 and 41.22% respectively, P < 0.001).After adjusting other covariables, Triglycerides was positively correlated with the risk of ectopic fat obesity (OR:1.55,95%CI:1.41-1.69, p<0.00001). Then we carried out smooth curve fitting and found that there was an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between Triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity, even if those adjusted covariables were removed from the model, the result remained unchanged, and the inflection point of the curve was 3.98. On the left side of the inflection point, Triglycerides was positively correlated with the risk of ectopic fat obesity(OR:1.784,95%CI:1.611-1.975,p<0.0001), while on the right side of the inflection point, there was a negative correlation (OR:0.519,95%CI:0.333-0.810,p=0.0039).Conclusions: Our research shows that there is a significant correlation between Triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity, this relation is not a simple linear relationship, but it was an inverted U-shaped curve relationship.

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