scholarly journals Inflexive Marker and Morphophonological Processes in the Lamalera Dialect of Lamaholot Language (LDLL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Yosef Demon ◽  
Veronika Genua
Keyword(s):  
Sound System ◽  
Language System ◽  
Cross Reference ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Inflection is a universal linguistic phenomenon. The phenomenon of inflection occurs in every language according to each language system. The language system of each language greatly determines the peculiarities of the language inflection. Inflection in a language that is agglutinative is different from that in a language that has a synthetic, tonal and isolating system. The treatment of each language is different for this case of inflection. Lamalera Dialect of Lamaholot Language (LDLL) also shows inflection. Inflection in LDLL is different from inflection in other languages ​​because of the language system, especially the LDLL sound system. LDLL is not characterized by agglutinative, nor synthetic, tonal nor isolating morphology. What is the strategy for inflection in LDLL? The result of the study shows that in LDLL, inflection is expressed clitically on the verb. These clitics are cross-referenced by the verbs. There are two types of cross-reference clitics, namely cross-referencing proclitics and enclitics. Proclitic cross-referencing applies to both transitive and intransitive root verbs. This form of cross-referencing pronouns is both proclitic and enclitic, and morphophonological changes actually occur. This process cannot be avoided because morphophonological processes actually occur due to merging of the morpheme with another morpheme. In this case the clitic is considered as bound morpheme.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE BORROWING: THEORY AND REALITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Hung Viet ◽  
Ly Toan Thang
Keyword(s):  
Language System ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The paper discusses the concept of language borrowing from different viewpoints and considers approaches to that linguistic phenomenon, from traditional to modern ones concerning borrowings at different levels in a language system, including phonetic, lexical and syntactic levels. These offer practical implications to research on the issue of borrowing in the Vietnamese language at present.

PHONETIC INFORMATION IN MATERIALS FOR LEARNING UKRAINIAN BY FOREIGNERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
N. O. Haidysh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Constituent Part ◽  
Language System ◽  
Phonetic Information ◽  
The Difference

In the article, phonetic material is analyzed in terms of its interpretation in textbooks and in- teractive means for learning Ukrainian as a foreign language. Language learning begins with the acquaintance with its phonetic system. So properly presented phonetics makes the process of language understanding not only possible but more available during studies. While considered from this point, phonetics is described a constituent part of a language system. For this system to take in use easier, language materials aimed at foreigners have to describe phonetics with the help of audio records and visual schemes. Visualization of a language apparatus work along with voice records helps to de- velop typical Ukrainian pronunciation. The point is that quite a few of sources give the opportunity to understand the phonetics through these methods. The language learning sources mostly do not provide a foreigner with audio-visual explanations. If the materials contain physiological pictures of language organs’ positions and voice records, a learner becomes able to understand the difference between their native phonetic system and the foreign (Ukrainian) one. The author of the article proves that for completing representative schemes, findings from the experimental phonetics have to be included. So using audio-visual additions is made possible due to researches in this branch. Moreover, it is proven that incompletely presented sound system causes accent development. Argumentatively the necessity of forming new materials is described as well as a renovation of those that already exist. Conclusions are made on the basis of comparative analysis of available sources for language learning.

scholarly journals What is yopará? (Observations on paraguayan Spanish)

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
A. Sadikov
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Language System ◽  
Full Sense ◽  
Mixed Origin ◽  
Number Facts ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The article purports to summarize and rethink a considerable amount of facts collected by various researchers who studied the linguistic situation and the interplay of two languages, Spanish and Guarani, in modern Paraguay. Having revised a number facts pertaining to different levels of the language system, the author arrives at the conclusion that the linguistic phenomenon called yopará is emerging as a new language in the full sense of this word, its mixed origin notwithstanding, a real future national language now taking shape.

scholarly journals The Production and Perception of the Affricate /tʃ/ and the Fricative /ʃ/ by Igala ELS Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Goodluck C. Kadiri ◽  
Victoria Adeyi ◽  
Joekin Ekwueme ◽  
Zubairu Bitrus Samaila
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Language System ◽  
Task Learning ◽  
Correct Usage ◽  
Language User ◽  
Production Problems

A second language user is one who has his own language (L1) and probably mastered all there is to the sound system of his L1. The already existing language system makes second language learning difficult thereby resulting in what is called ‘errors’ as an effect of interference. Phonologically, it is a hard task learning a second language because each language has its unique phonology. This paper x-rayed the difficulties encountered by Igala L2 users with reference to the production and perception of the affricate /tʃ/ and the fricative /ʃ/. The study used carefully prepared sentences containing the two sounds under study to elicit data from the target population. The data were analyzed using frequency and percentage counts. From the analysis it was discovered that there exist production problems in the use of the affricate /tʃ/ and the fricative /ʃ/ by Igala users of English as a Second Language where /tʃ/ is substituted for /ʃ/ and vice versa.  Conclusion drawn from the result was the need for Igala users to aspire for competence in their use of English as a second language particularly the phonological aspects because being proficient in any language begins with good understanding and correct usage of the sound systems thereby bringing about intelligibility.

GRADUAL RELATIONS IN DEM TIONS IN DEMARCATION OF SUBST TION OF SUBSTANCE AND ANCE AND ATTRIBUTIVE MEANINGS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Nilufar Shirinova ◽  
◽  
Nargiza Shirinova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Language System ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Given ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Introduction. The issue of gradual relations in differentiation of the meanings of substance and attributiveness in the English and Uzbek languages in a gradual way is studied in the article. Graduonymy, as a type of linguistic phenomenon, serves as the main demarcation method for the manifestation of substantive and attributive meanings in different aspects of the systems of English and Uzbek languages. Research methods. Logical analizing and synthesizing, linguistic analyzing, graduonymy, comparative method, constructive method, synchronic classification method and others are used to make a linguistic research on the given issue. Graduonymic approach is chosen as the main way of the linguistic analysis of the substance and attributive meanings in the lexical and grammatical aspects of the language system in general. Results and discussion. Demarcation of substance and attributive meanings in the English and Uzbek languages occurs in a gradual way as a form of language consciousness. However, substance and attributiveness, being sincrete (diffuisive) in reality, semi-discrete (as concepts of substance and attributiveness) in human consciousness, and discrete (analytical) in language system, are realised in both English and Uzbek languages in the forms of gradual lines (rows).

scholarly journals TURKIC LEXICOGRAPHY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND UPCOMING TASKS

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
G. Sagidolda ◽  
◽  
G. Zhylkybay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Language System ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Single Branch ◽  
The Middle Ages

Since the 50s of the XX century, fundamental research has been published to study the vocabulary, grammatical structure and sound system of modern languages, which are the heirs of the ancient Kipchak language - Kazakh, Karakalpak, Nogai, Bashkir, Tatar, Karaim, Kumuk, Karachay, Balkar, etc. The science of linguistics was formed in each of them. The sound, lexical and grammatical structure of the language system has become an independent form of phonetics, morphology, syntax, lexicology, phraseology, lexicography and other branches, which are subdivided into phonology, morphology, text syntax, terminology, onomastics, historical lexicology, lexicography, etc.). Thus, in the linguistics of a single branch of language, the language of medieval Turkic monuments was studied in terms of its relation to that language. Faced with the problems of linguistic Kipchak studies, the language of works written in the ancient Kipchak literary language in the Middle Ages is divided into today's Kazakh, Karakalpak, Bashkir, Tatar, Nogai, Kumuk, Karachay, Balkar, Kyrgyz and others, obliges to form the basis of comparative-historical lexicology of Kipchak languages, studied at the intersection of "history: language: culture" with each of the dozens of Kipchak languages.

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

Multilinguistic Components of Spelling: An Overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Barber
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Model ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Language System ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Intervention Plan ◽  
Semantic Awareness

Spelling is a window into a student's individual language system and, therefore, canprovide clues into the student's understanding, use, and integration of underlyinglinguistic skills. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) should be involved in improvingstudents' literacy skills, including spelling, though frequently available measures ofspelling do not provide adequate information regarding critical underlying linguistic skillsthat contribute to spelling. This paper outlines a multilinguistic, integrated model of wordstudy (Masterson & Apel, 2007) that highlights the important influences of phonemicawareness, orthographic pattern awareness, semantic awareness, morphologicalawareness and mental graphemic representations on spelling. An SLP can analyze anindividual's misspellings to identify impairments in specific linguistic components andthen develop an individualized, appropriate intervention plan tailored to a child's uniquelinguistic profile, thus maximizing intervention success.

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