scholarly journals Covid-19 and Diabetes Mellitus a Serious Concern for the Covid -19 Patients: A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaz Ahmed wani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Present Article ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
High Blood Sugar ◽  
Casual Relationship

Diabetes mellitus a group of metabolic disorders in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancrease does not produce enough insulin or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced. Coronavirus disease (Covid -19) recently emerged with formidable infectivity and high mortality. Emerging data suggest that diabetes is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in patients with covid -19, although casual relationship has not been investigated , where as pre existing diabetes can be considered as a risk factor for the adverse outcome of covid -19 .The present article discussed the literature related to the corelation between diabetes and covid -19.

scholarly journals A MODERN OVERVIEW ON DIABETES MELLITUS: A CHRONIC ENDOCRINE DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Y Mukhtar ◽  
A Galalain ◽  
U Yunusa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Blood Sugar ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders that affect the body’s ability to make or use insulin. Diabetes mellitus (DM), or simply diabetes, is a group of chronic metabolic diseases in which a person experience high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or because the body cells do not effectively use or respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger). Conventionally, diabetes has been divided into three types namely: Type 1 DM or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in which body fails to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin or wear an insulin pump. This is also termed as "juvenile diabetes". Type 2 DM or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, with or without an absolute insulin deficiency. This type was previously referred to as or "adult-onset diabetes". The third main type is gestational diabetes which occurs when women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level during her pregnancy and may metamorphose to type 2 DM after giving birth. Currently available pharmacotherapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus includes insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Thus, the present review underscores the issues surrounding the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment (especially use of anti-diabetic herbal species) of this killer disease with a view to suppressing its global spread and resurgence.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Recurrent Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscess

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Magdelene Amoateng ◽  
Pius Osei-Bagyina ◽  
Reba Varughese ◽  
Achsah Mathew ◽  
Ishan Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
Aggressive Treatment

Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) is an emerging syndrome with the initial cases described in Taiwan in the 1980s. There is high mortality with this condition, and immediate aggressive treatment is necessary. Diabetes mellitus (D.M.) is the single most important risk factor for developing KPLA. Here, we describe a rare case of recurrent cryptogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess (KPLA) in a young man with poorly controlled type 1 D.M.

Role of Antioxidants in the Management Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3763-3767
Author(s):  
Sruthi G ◽  
Haritha H Pillai ◽  
Nisha Ullas ◽  
Jiju V ◽  
Elessy Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
High Blood Sugar ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, or death. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of complications of both types of DM. However, the exact mechanism by which oxidative stress could contribute to and accelerate the development of complications in diabetic mellitus is only partly known and remains to be clarified. On the one hand, hyperglycemia induces free radicals; on the other hand, it impairs the endogenous antioxidant defense system in patients with diabetes. Endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms include both enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. Their functions in human cells are to counter balance toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Common antioxidants include the vitamins A, C, and E, glutathione (GSH), and the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRx). Many natural antioxidants can be used in lowering blood glucose level. This review describes the importance of natural antioxidants to be included in the diet to reduce the hyperglycemic effect.

Endocrinopathies in the era of coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (89) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
O.V. Ushakova ◽  
◽  
E.Yu. Pyankova ◽  
N.N. Masalova ◽  
O.V. Serebryakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Difficulties in the treatment of COVID-19 have determined the need to systematize the factors for the development of complications, critical conditions and death. Endocrine and metabolic disorders associated with obesity, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and lipid and fatty acid metabolism disorders increase immunological dysregulation and make these patients vulnerable to infection. The data from the observations made it possible to single out diabetes mellitus, obesity as a risk factor aggravating the course of COVID-19, and to state the duration of the virus elimination period, potentiation of cardiovascular diseases, an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, coagulopathy - factors in the development of unfavorable outcomes. The article presents generalized data on the organization of medical care for patients with endocrine pathology during the coronavirus pandemic

scholarly journals The Centenary Celebrations-Insulin and Diabetes.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
GH Tomkin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
High Blood Sugar ◽  
Hyperosmolar Coma ◽  
Thirst Mechanism

Most people will know the word diabetes. Few people will not know it has something to do with sugar. Diabetes mellitus is the complete name for the condition, mellitus meaning sweet or honey taste found in the urine. Not to be confused with Diabetes insipidus, a condition of the pituitary gland, the kidney or the Psyche where water cannot be retained by the body and very severe thirst and huge polyuria (passing a huge amount of urine occurs). The condition Diabetes mellitus was known in Egyptian times and in recent times has become so much more prevalent. Alas most people will have a relation with the condition and will be aware that complications can occur such as blindness. Even today with all our new medications and all our new knowledge, still diabetes shortens life span by 10 or so years but this figure is rapidly getting less due to earlier diagnosis and better treatment for high blood sugar, cholesterol and high blood pressure. To go back more than 100 years obese patients who developed diabetes could cure the symptoms which include thirst, passing a lot of urine, tiredness and genital itch by weight reduction and exercise. The reason for this improvement is now known in much more detail than it was then. The hormone insulin which is secreted by the islet cells in the pancreas lowers blood sugar. A deficiency of insulin leads to a rising blood sugar and the high blood sugars are the cause of the thirst. The high blood sugar is no longer able to be contained by the kidney and is secreted in the urine. The high concentration of sugar in the urine pulls out sugar by osmosis, drags with it, water, so the higher the glucose in the blood and urine the more water is pulled through the kidneys which are filters. The increased amount of water thus lost, results in frequency of passing water which is now full of glucose. The loss of water is recognised by the thirst mechanism which gets switched on and being very thirsty the patient with diabetes starts to drink and drink to make up for the loss of water in the urine. Sometimes the patient who might have been keen on lemonade or other sweet drinks just drinks more and more not realising that the drinks are heavily laden with sugar. This results in increasing the blood sugar even higher and even more thirst until the whole system collapses. The patient becomes unconscious very dehydrated and will die unless given intravenous fluids and then insulin. One such lady was a patient of mine. The African lady was so complicated that after she recovered we wrote up her case in one of the medical journals to inform others of the problems we faced and the treatments we gave which resulted in her recovery. Hyperosmolar coma is the name of the condition and thankfully rare. I can of course remember other patients who we were not successful in saving but they are too painful to relate.

scholarly journals CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE EFFECT OF MUSTADI KWATH IN MADHUMEHA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Geetika Arya ◽  
Punita Pandey ◽  
Priyaranjan Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
High Blood Sugar ◽  
Detailed Clinical History ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Sugar Levels

The dissertation is entitled “Clinical study to evaluate the effect of Mustadi kwath in Madhumeha. Diabetes mellitus has become a dreadful disease in the era. It is also described in Ayurvedic text in terms of Madhumeha. Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disease in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period, this high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, improper medication and urbanization precipitates the disease. In the present study, Mustadi kwath (mentioned in Bhaisjya Ratnawali) was selected for clinical trial. The study comprises of 40 patients of Madhumeha. These patients were randomly selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria with detailed clinical history, physical examination and other desired investigation. The duration of study is of 90 days with 15 days follow up. After evaluating therapy it was observed that the ‘Mustadi kwath’ provided better relief to the patients of Madhumeha.

scholarly journals Metabolic Aspects of Migraine: Association With Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rivera-Mancilla ◽  
Linda Al-Hassany ◽  
Carlos M. Villalón ◽  
Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Comorbidities

Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder, characterized by moderate to severe unilateral headaches, nausea, photophobia, and/or phonophobia, with a higher prevalence in women than in men, which can drastically affect the quality of life of migraine patients. In addition, this chronic disorder is related with metabolic comorbidities associated with the patient's lifestyle, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Beyond the personal and socioeconomic impact caused by migraine, obesity and DM, it has been suggested that these metabolic disorders seem to be related to migraine since: (i) they are a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disorders or chronic diseases; (ii) they can be influenced by genetic and environmental risk factors; and (iii) while clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that obesity is a risk factor for migraine, DM (i.e., type 1 and type 2 DM) have been reported to be either a protective or a risk factor in migraine. On this basis, and given the high worldwide prevalence of migraine, obesity, and DM, this article provides a narrative review of the current literature related to the association between the etiology and pathophysiology of migraine and these metabolic disorders, considering lifestyle aspects, as well as the possible involvement of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and/or sex hormones. While a link between migraine and metabolic disorders has been suggested, many studies are contradictory and the mechanisms involved in this association are not yet sufficiently established. Therefore, further research should be focused on understanding the possible mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Drug Interactions of Diclofenac with Commonly Used Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus in Rabbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
S. Yadav ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
M. K. Sharma ◽  
J. N. Puri ◽  
N. A. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sugar Levels

Insulin, Glibenclamide and Tolbutamide are some of the frequently used drugs for the most common metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus. Along with hypoglycaemic drugs diabetic patient is exposed to variety of drugs. NSAIDs are one of the commonly used drugs in this metabolic syndrome. When a patient on hypoglycaemic drugs receives NSAIDs there are chances of drug interactions. This study was undertaken in the department of Pharmacology, GSVM medical college, Kanpur (UP) after approval by the institutional animal ethics committee to find out the interaction if any between Diclofenac and three hypoglycaemic drugs i.e. insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide.<p>Young healthy rabbits were divided into six groups: five rabbits in each group. First group received Insulin 1 u/kg subcutaneously; second Glibenclamide 0.05 mg/kg orally; third Tolbutamide 40 mg/kg orally; fourth Diclofenac 1mg/kg orally and insulin 1mg/kg s.c. simultaneously; fifth glibenclamide 0.05mg/kg orally at 0 hour and diclofenac 1mg/kg orally at 2 hours and sixth tolbutamide 40mg/kg orally at 0 hour and diclofenac 1mg/kg orally at 2 hours. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours for blood sugar estimation. Mean blood sugar levels reduced significantly from their fasting levels when insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide were administered. However blood sugar levels did not showed any significant changes when diclofenac was administered along with insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide in comparison to when insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide were given alone. The results showed that diclofenac does not interact with insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide on blood sugar levels in rabbits.No Abstract.</p>

scholarly journals High blood sugar levels but not diabetes mellitus significantly enhance oxaliplatin chemoresistance in patients with stage III colorectal cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX6 chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175883591986696 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Ping Yang ◽  
Zhi-Feng Miao ◽  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Hsiang-Lin Tsai ◽  
Yung-Sung Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
High Blood Sugar ◽  
Sugar Levels

Background: The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is becoming a serious public health concern worldwide. FOLFOX4 chemotherapy is one of the most widely used adjuvant therapies in patients with stage III colon cancer after surgical resection. However, chemotherapy resistance is associated with a poor prognosis. The prognostic impact of high blood sugar levels on oxaliplatin resistance in CRC patients is an unexplored topic. Methods: In total, 157 patients with stage III CRC were classified according to their fasting blood sugar level (⩾126 or <126 mg/dl). Clinicopathological features and oxaliplatin chemoresistance/survival outcome of the two groups were compared. In vitro cell proliferation assay was performed through d-(+)-glucose administration. Results: Multivariate analysis results revealed that high blood sugar level was a significantly independent prognostic factor of disease-free survival and overall survival (both p < 0.05), but not DM history. After metformin administration, enhanced proliferation of CRC cells (HT-29, HCT-116, SW480, and SW620) with d-(+)-glucose administration could be reversed and oxaliplatin chemosensitivity considerably increased ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, phosphorylation of two glycolysis-related target proteins, SMAD3 and MYC, notably increased under high glucose concentration. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia can affect clinical outcomes in stage III CRC patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, and the mechanism underlying oxaliplatin resistance is possibly associated with increased phosphorylation of SMAD3 and MYC and upregulation of EHMT2 expression.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Begum ◽  
R Afroz ◽  
Q Khanam ◽  
A Khanom ◽  
TS Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Blood Sugar ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetes mellitus (DM), also known as simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Worldwide in 2012 and 2013 diabetes resulted in 1.5 to 5.1 million deaths per year, making it the 8th leading cause of death. Diabetes overall at least doubles the risk of death. This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. The number of people with diabetes is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. The economic costs of diabetes globally were estimated in 2013 at $548 billion and in the United States in 2012 $245 billion. [3]Globally, as of 2013, an estimated 382 million people have diabetes worldwide, with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. This is equal to 8.3% of the adults’ population, with equal rates in both women and men. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: In case of type 1 Diabetes mellitus, results from the body’s failure to produce enough insulin. This form was previously referred to as “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” (IDDM) or “juvenile diabetes”. The cause is unknown. Another type is type 2 diabetes mellitus begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop. This form was previously referred to as “non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” (NIDDM) or “adult-onset diabetes”. The primary cause is excessive body weight and not enough exercise. Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby. It occurs in about 2–10% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. However, after pregnancy approximately 5–10% of women with gestational diabetes are found to have diabetes mellitus, most commonly type 2. Gestational diabetes is fully treatable, but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 5(1): 30-35, 2014 (January)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document