scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET ARANG BERBASIS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Giyanto Giyanto
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Best Parameters ◽  
Research Show

Briquettes are solid fuels that can be used as alternative energy. This research aims to determine the optimal ratio of raw materials with adhesive content at about 10% constantly. The stages of this research were as follows: 1) Sampling of raw materials, 2) Drying and decomposition of raw materials, 3) Carbonization Process, 4) Milling. 5) Composition Treatment, 6) Pressing and quality analysis of briquettes. The data of this research were obtained by measuring calorific value, moisture content, ash content, density, compressive strength and combustion rate. The ratio between empty bunch : bagasse respectively was depended on 100%: 0%, 75%: 25%, 50%: 50%, 25%: 75%, 0%: 100%. The Parameters of treatments were calorific value, moisture content, ash content, density, compressive strength, and combusition rate to find out the best parameters. The result of this research show that the combination of empty bunch and baggase gave the effect to the qualities. The highest calorific value was showed in the ratio empty bunch : baggase (100% : 0%) with average HHV value; the lowest average of moisture content ; the lowest ash content; density; compressive strength value; and combustion rate respectively 5889 cal/gr; 2,81%; 20%; 0,941 gr/ml; 1,82N/cm2; 0,00223gr/second.

scholarly journals Utilization of Pine Fruit and Peanut Shell Wastes into Briquettes as an Alternative Fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 09002
Author(s):  
Mohamad Mirwa ◽  
Muhammad Abdus Salam Jawwad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Peanut Shells

Fuel or energy sources scarcity is currently a problem in Indonesia. Pine waste and peanut shells are wastes that have potential to be processed into alternative energy as briquettes, using molasses as adhesive. Briquette was made by destroying the material into small pieces that have been carbonized and sieved with a variation of 20 and 30 mesh size, added with molasses, and then molded with a hydraulic press. Briquettes are dried using an oven at 105 °C for 10 hours to remove moisture content. The pine to peanut shell ratio used are of 0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, 2:3, 3:1 and 3:2. The analysis includes analysis of calorific value, moisture content, ash content and compressive strength. The result shows the pine waste to peanut shells ratio of 1:0 has the highest calorific value for 20 mesh is 4674.50 Cal/g and for 30 mesh is 4585.10 Cal/g. The lowest water content for 20 mesh is 1.76% and for 30 mesh is 1.85%. The lowest ash content for 20 mesh is 0.58% and for 30 mesh is 0.59%. And the highest compressive strength for 20 mesh is 35.20 kg/cm2 and for 30 mesh is 28.90 kg/cm2.

Making Charcoal Briquettes from Corncobs Organic Waste Using Variation of Type and Percentage of Adhesives

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilih Sulistyaningkarti ◽  
Budi Utami
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Tapioca Flour

This study aimed to (1) make charcoal briquettes from corncobs organic waste; (2) determine the right type of adhesive to make a corncobs charcoal briquette to produce good quality briquettes; (3) determine the appropriate percentage of adhesive to produce corncobs briquettes to produce good quality briquettes; and (4) know the best characteristics of corncobs charcoal briquettes which include moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and caloric value. The sample used was corncob obtained from a corn farmer in Pasekan Village, Wonogiri regency. This research used experimental method in laboratory with several stages, namely: (1) preparation of materials; (2) carbonization; (3) crushing and sifting of charcoal (4) mixing charcoal with adhesive and water; (5) briquetting; (6) briquette drying; And (7) analysis of briquette quality. This adhesive types used in this research were tapioca flour and wheat flour and the percentage of adhesive material were 5%, 10% and 15% from total weight of charcoal powder. The result of the research were: (1) charcoal briquettes as alternative energy source can be made from biomass waste (corncobs organic waste); (2) charcoal briquettes from organic corncobs wastes using tapioca flour adhesives have better quality than using wheat flour adhesives; (3) the both charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive and 5% wheat flour adhesives have better quality than 10% and 15% in terms of moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and calorific value; and (4) the best characteristics obtained are for the charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive, which have water content of 3,665%; volatile matter amounting of 11.005%; ash content of 4.825%; fixed carbon content of 80.515%; and high heat value of 5661,071%.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PEREKAT TEPUNG PADA BIOBRIKET LIMBAH BAGLOG JAMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widodo Hari Prabowo ◽  
Muhammad Viki Lutfiana ◽  
Rosid Rosid ◽  
Muhammad Burhanuddin Ubaidillah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

ABSTRAK Energi yang berasal dari biomassa misalnya limbah baglog, yang selama ini dibuang atau tidak dimanfaatkan, merupakan limbah yang dapat dikonfersi menjadi sumber energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Limbah baglog  jamur dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar dengan cara, mengubah limbah tersebut menjadi biobriket. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk pengkajian laju pembakaran, nilai kalor, kadar abu, kadar air, kadar zat yang menguap, kadar karbon dan drop test pada biobriket. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan menggunakan perbandingan A (1:1:1) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram limbah baglog 250 gram dan air 250 ml, perbandingan B (1:2:2) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram limbah baglog 500 gram dan air 500 ml, perbandingan C (1:3:3) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram  limbah baglog 1000 gram dan air 1000 ml. Pembutan yang pertama dengan penghancuran limbah baglog dan pengeringan, pencampuran tepung, limbah baglog dan air, pengepresan biobriket kemudian dikeringkan. Hasil penelitian memperoleh nilai kalor, kadar air, kadar karbon dan kadar zat yang menguap terdapat pada biobriket sampel A (1:1:1) sebesar 4065,69 kal/g, 5%, 15,4%, dan 71,4 %  untuk kadar abu terbaik terdapat pada sampel B (1:2:2) sebesar 4,8%. Kata kunci: Limbah baglog, biobriket, bahan bakar fosil, jamur tiram  ABSTRACT Energy derived from biomass such as baglog waste that has been disposed or not utilized, is a waste that can be converted into alternative energy sources of fossil fuel. Wastes baglog mushrooms are used as fuel by the way, turning the waste into bio briquette. The aim of this research is to test the combustion rate, calorific value, ash content, moisture content, volatile substance content, carbon content and drop test on bio briquett. The method used in the preparation uses A (1: 1: 1) comparison with starchy flour composition 250 grams of baglog 250 grams and 250 ml water, B ratio (1: 2: 2) with  starchy flour composition 250 grams baglog 500 grams and water 500 ml, C ratio (1: 3: 3) with starch flour composition 250 grams of baglog waste 1000 grams and water 1000 ml. Making the first with the destruction of baglog waste and drying, mixing flour, baglog waste and water, briquette pressing then dried. The results of the research were obtained values of caloric, water content, carbon content and the content of volatile substances in A (1: 1: 1) biobriket of 4065.69 cal / g, 5%, 15.4%, and 71.4% The best ash content was found in sample B (1: 2: 2) of 4.8%. The results obtained of calorific value, moisture content, carbon content and volatile substances were found in A (1: 1: 1) sample biobriket of 4065, 69 cal / g, 5%, 15.4%, and 71.4% for the best ash content were found in sample B (1: 2: 2) of 4.8%. Keywords : Baglog waste, bio briquette, fossil fuel, oyster mushroom

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Coffee Husk Fuel Briquettes as an Alternative Energy Source

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Assefa Tesfaye ◽  
Fentahun Workie ◽  
Venkatesh S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Alternative Energy Source

Biomass energy accounts for more than 92 percent of overall energy consumption in Ethiopia. As a result, Ethiopia is one of the world’s most biomass-dependent countries. The high reliance on wood fuels and agricultural residues for fuel harms society’s social, economic, and environmental well-being. This study aims to create and test the quality of fuel briquettes made from the coffee husk. Also built and produced are a carboniser/charcoal kiln, a manually operated molder system, and a briquette stove for burning the manufactured briquette. The carboniser converts 15 kg of raw coffee husk into 6 kg of carbonised char in 25 minutes, and the manually operated briquette molder can press 30 kg per hour. The efficiency of converting raw coffee husk into carbonised char content was 40.12%. In the geological survey of Ethiopia, the geochemical laboratory directorate received triplicate samples of the fuel briquette charcoal for analysis. Moisture content, fixed carbon content, ash content, sulfur content, and calorific value were determined using a bomb calorimeter and a ceramic lining furnace. Physical properties of fuel briquettes ranged from 10.03% moisture content, 970 kg/m3 density, 81% fixed carbon, 5.15% ash content, 0% sulfur, and 30.54 Kcal/kg higher heating value, according to laboratory results. The results of the study revealed that the coffee husk fuel briquettes produced have more positive characteristics. Fuel briquettes were cost-effective and environmentally friendly and reduced deforestation compared to firewood. This study clearly shows that briquettes made from coffee husk could be used as an alternative energy source when this kind of waste is well managed.

scholarly journals Hasil Pengujian Proksimasi Dan Gas Buang Pada Briket Campuran Limbah Serutan Kayu, Sekam Padi Dan Bulu Ayam

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rizky Adipratama ◽  
Reza Setiawan ◽  
Najmudin Fauji
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Wood Shavings

Biomass energy is one that can be used as an alternative energy as a substitute for fossil fuels and can also be useful for reducing environmental pollution due to increasing waste or waste. The manufacture of briquettes from chicken feather waste, wood shavings and rice husk waste aims to help deal with the problem of waste and use it as an alternative fuel. The making of briquettes is carried out by the process of drying the ingredients, charcoal, milling, sieving, kneading, printing, drying, proximate testing and measuring emissions on the briquettes. In this study, the composition of a mixture of chicken feathers (30%, 40%, 50%), wood shavings and rice husk (35%, 30%, 25%) was treated as well as particle sizes of 30 mesh and 60 mesh. The results of this study indicate that the lowest moisture content is in sample B2 of 4.5%. The lowest levels of volatile matters were in sample A1 of 37.4%. The lowest ash content was found in sample B3 at 10.8%. The highest fixed carbon was found in sample A3 at 45.1%. The highest calorific value (Gross Calorific Value) is found in the B3 sample of 5594 Kcal / Kg. And it has the highest CO, CO2, and HC emissions produced from the briquettes, namely 0.24%, 0.8%, 46 ppm. The properties of briquettes that have met SNI standards are moisture content, calorific value (except for sample A1), and the resulting emissions. And those that have not met SNI standards are the levels of volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon. The resulting briquette can be used because the calorific value obtained is quiet high, which is above the specified standard of ≥ 5000 Kcal/Kg.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Herlina Anggriani Marbun ◽  
Giyanto . ◽  
Hardiansyah Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

Fluctuations in fuel prices stimulate efforts to find alternative energy that is environmentally friendly. The processing of oil palm plantations produces waste or quite a lot of products ± 23% of the weight of fresh fruit bunches. Utilization of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) as biobriquettes was chosen in this study by mixing other ingredients, namely coconut shell. The treatment in the study was the composition of the mixture of PEFB and shell PEFB-1, PEFB-2, PEFB-3, PEFB-4 and PEFB-5 with a ratio of weight (100% -0%), (75% -25%), (50% -50%), (25% -75%) and     (0% -100%). The research was carried out in Medan STIPAP, ITM Laboratory and PTKI Alboratorium in April - September 2018. Observation parameters were heating value, water content, ash content, density, compressive strength and combustion rate. The results showed that briquettes with dominant PEFB material, PEFB-1 and PEFB-2, produced less quality biobriquettes, especially low calorific value. The best treatment is PEFB-4 (25% EFB and 75% shell) with characters that appropriate to the specifications of the quality standard of charcoal briquettes. 

scholarly journals Effect of Peanut Shell Torrefaction on Qualities of The Produced Bio-pellet

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiyo Wibowo ◽  
Ningseh Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Peanut Shells ◽  
Previously Treated

Peanut shells could be regarded as biomass wastes generated from agricultural products, which are abundantly available.  The current handling of those wastes is merely through direct incineration, without a proper and controlled manner. Consequently, it could arouse environmental concerns, such as air pollution and human respiratory diseases.  One alternative solution is converting those peanut shells to bio-pellet, expectedly applicable for fuels.  Relevantly, research on bio-pellet manufacture from peanut shells, previously treated with the torrefaction, was conducted. It’s aimed mainly to identify the fuel-related characteristics of bio-pellet products.  The tested bio-pellet parameters covered, moisture content, ash content, volatile matters, fixed carbon content, calorific values, and density.  The results revealed that torrefaction temperature and time at raw materials (peanut shells) could improve their qualities in regard to particular calorific value compared to those before such torrefaction; which referred to Indonesia’s Standard (SNI-8021-2014) for wood bio-pellet.  Further, torrefaction could increase bio-pellet quality which satisfied the SNI’s Standard, except for ash content.  Optimal torrefaction treatment was obtained at 300oC temperature for 60 minutes, whereby it achieved remarkable bio-pellet characteristics in terms of moisture content (3.092%), ash content (6.116%), volatile matters (38.387%), fixed carbon (55.447%), calorific value (6174 cal/g), and density (0.703 g/cm3). The torrefaction bio-pellets from peanut shells could achieve remarkable performances, with respect to fuel consumption rate (0.68 kg/hr), heating value (6174 kcal/kg), and thermal efficiency (16.67%).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Temperatur, Komposisi Bahan Cangkang Inti Kelapa Sawit dan Konsentrasi Perekat pada Karakteristik Briket Komersial dari Tempurung Kelapa Sawit

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Guna Bangun Persada ◽  
Putty Yunesti
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Cylindrical Mold

Briquettes are an essential product for metal mineral processing plants in Indonesia. One good alternative raw materials for briquettes that do not pollute the environment is the palm kernel shell. This research was conducted by making briquettes from palm kernel shells to find optimal variations in carbonization temperature, material mixture, and adhesive mixture. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale. The palm kernel shell and coal kernel were carbonized at various temperatures, namely 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C, then crushed and sieved to 35 mesh. The powdered palm kernel shell and coal that have become powdered charcoal are weighted based on a mixture of powder and the adhesive composition ratio of 40 g. After that, the briquettes were formed under a pressure of 100 kg/cm² on a cylindrical mold with 40 mm. The analyzes carried out were moisture content, ash content, volatile substances content, fixed carbon content, calorific value, compressive strength, density, porosity, and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The results showed that the briquette from the kernel of the palm kernel shell was optimal at a temperature of 550 ° C with a starch adhesive mixture of 7.5%, a pressure of 100 kg/cm², moisture content of 5.34%, an ash content of 5.81%, a substance content. Volatile amounted to 18.77%, 71.08% for fixed carbon, heating value 7125.86 cal/g. Density of 0.78, porosity of 0.04 and strength of 72.56 kg / cm².

scholarly journals Variability of Normative Properties of Wood Chips and Implications to Quality Control

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3789
Author(s):  
Dinko Vusić ◽  
Filip Vujanić ◽  
Karlo Pešić ◽  
Branimir Šafran ◽  
Vanja Jurišić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Energy Wood

The research was conducted with the goal to determine the variability of the quality parameters of the wood chips produced from the most favorable raw material (energy roundwood), and in the most controllable operational conditions (pellet factory), as the first step in identifying opportunities to optimize the wood chips’ quality monitoring. Four raw material types were tested: fir/spruce and beech debarked energy roundwood, as well as energy wood with bark of the same species. Sampling was conducted during six consecutive months along with laboratory testing, all according to the HRN EN ISO standards for solid biofuels. Interpretation of the results was done in relation to deviation from the first sampling results (as an indicator of the possibility to retain the quality of wood chips), and repeatability and reproducibility set in the standards (as an indicator of acceptable variability). The influence of the species and debarking process on the wood chips’ quality was analyzed as well. Relative deviation from the first sampling as well as the quality class change pointed moisture content as a normative property with the lowest possibility to retain initial values over the six-month period. Ash content results indicated a strong possibility to maintain the initial ash content class in the majority of the samples. In just three cases, the results of ash content were outside the reproducibility limits with first sampling as a reference. Gross calorific value results pointed only four samples outside the reproducibility limits with the first sampling results are set as a reference. Wood species influenced gross calorific value and the median value of the particle size distribution and debarking showed a significant positive effect on the moisture content reduction as well as on the ash content reduction. Presented findings are indicative for the investigated raw materials, however for the general conclusion on the subject of wood chips normative properties variation, various raw material types will have to be examined in further research.

scholarly journals Moisture Content Impact on Properties of Briquette Produced from Rice Husk Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed ◽  
Noorfidza Yub Harun ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Muhammad T. Afzal ◽  
Ashak Mahmud Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Physical Density

An agricultural waste-based source of energy in the form of briquettes from rice husk has emerged as an alternative energy source. However, rice husk-based briquette has a low bulk density and moisture content, resulting in low durability. This study investigated the effect of initial moisture contents of 12%, 14%, and 16% of rice husk-based briquettes blended with 10 wt% of kraft lignin on their chemical and physical characteristics. The briquetting was done using a hand push manual die compressor. The briquette properties were evaluated by performing chemical (ultimate and proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis), physical (density, durability, compressive strength, and surface morphology) analyses. The durability values of all briquette samples were above 95%, meeting the standard with good compressive strength, surface morphology, and acceptable density range. The briquette made from the blend with 14% moisture content showed the highest calorific value of 17.688 MJ kg−1, thanks to its desirable morphology and good porosity range, which facilitates the transport of air for combustion. Overall, this study proved the approach of enhancing the quality of briquettes from rice husk by controlling the moisture content.

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