scholarly journals Verification of the effect of Raw Materials Mill Dust on soil stabilization: An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Optimum Water Content

Cement plants produce large quantities of dust, which is an important source of pollution. Among these pollutants is raw materials mill dust (RMMD), it is a dust produced during the grinding of raw materials. RMMD differs in chemical composition from cement kiln dust (CKD), where CKD is a by-product that collects in the electrostatic filters of a cement kiln. A lot of studies have been done around the world to find effective ways to recycle CKD and use it again in soil stabilization to avoid the failure of the entire pavement in the future as well as an economical and environmental solution, while there is a dearth of research done on RMMD. In this study, the performance of a weak subgrade for one of the sites in Aleppo city was examined, where its physical and mechanical properties (plasticity index, maximum dry density, optimum water content, and California bearing ratio (CBR)), were determined. Then RMMD was added to the subgrade samples according to five ratios 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the dry weight of the soil. The research concluded that adding the RMMD to the weak subgrade by 20% of its dry weight is the optimal ratio, improved its performance, as the plasticity index decreased by 13%, and the CBR increased up to 63 %. Thus, the bearing capacity increases, it saves costs and reduces future pavement maintenance.

Behavior of Cohesive Soil Reinforced by Polypropylene Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6A) ◽  
pp. 801-812
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Al-Neami ◽  
Falah H. Rahil ◽  
Yaseen H. Al-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Optimum Water

For any land-based structure, the foundation is very important and has to be strong to support the entire structure. In order for the foundation to be strong, the soil underneath it plays a very critical role. Some projects where the soil compacted by modifying energy is insufficient to achieve the required results, so the additives as a kind of installation and reinforcement are used to achieve the required improvement. This study introduces an attempt to improve cohesive soil by using Polypropylene Fiber instead of conventional kinds used in soil stabilization. Three different percentages (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% by dry weight of soil) and lengths (6, 12, and 18) mm of fiber are mixed with cohesive as a trial to enhance some properties of clay. The results of soil samples prepared at a dry density at three different water conditions (optimum water content, dry side, and wet side) showed that the increase of the percentage and length of polypropylene fiber causes a reduction in the maximum dry density of soils. Soil cohesion increases with the increase of PPF up to 0.5% then decreased. The length of Polypropylene fiber has a great effect on the cohesion of soil and adding 0.5% Polypropylene fibers with a length of 18mm to the soils consider the optimum mix for design purposes to improve the soil. Finally, the soil reinforced by PPF exhibits a reduction in the values of the compression ratio (CR) and accelerates the consolidation of the soil.

scholarly journals Compaction and Plasticity Comparative Behaviour of Soft Clay Treated with Coarse and Fine Sizes of Ceramic Tiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Mohammed Al-Bared ◽  
Aminaton Marto ◽  
Indra Sati Hamonangan Harahap ◽  
Fauziah Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stiff Soil

Recycled blended ceramic tiles (RBT) is a waste material produced from ceramic tile factories and construction activities. RBT is found to be cost effective, sustainable, environmental-friendly and has the potential to be used as an additive in soft soil stabilization. Recent reports show that massive amounts of RBT are dumped into legal or illegal landfills every year consuming very large spaces and creating major environmental problems. On the other hand, dredged marine clay obtained from Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia has weak physical and engineering characteristics to be considered as unsuitable soft soil that is usually excavated, dumped into landfills and replaced by stiff soil. Hence, this study investigates the suitability of possible uses of RBT to treat marine clay. Laboratory tests included Standard proctor tests and Atterberg limits tests. The plasticity of marine clay was evaluated by adding 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 0.3 mm RBT. In addition, the compaction behaviour of treated marine clay was compared by adding two different sizes (0.3 mm and 1.18 mm diameter) of RBT. For both coarse and fine sizes of RBT, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the dry weight of the soft clay were added. The mixture of each combination was examined in order to evaluate the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and the optimum moisture content (OMC) for the treated soft clay. MDD and OMC for soft untreated samples were 1.59 Mg/m3 and 22%, respectively. Treated samples with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 0.30 mm size RBT resulted in a significant reduction of OMC ranged from 19 to 15% while MDD resulted in increment ranged from 1.69 to 1.77 Mg/m3. In addition, samples treated with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 1.18 mm size RBT resulted in major reduction of OMC ranged from 15 to 13.5% while MDD increased effectively from 1.75 to 1.82 Mg/m3. For all mix designs of soft clay-RBT, MDD was gradually increasing and OMC was sharply reducing with further increments of both sizes of RBT.

scholarly journals Using Nanomaterials in Stabilization of Soil for Oil Infrastructures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Dr. Zaid Hameed Majeed ◽  
Eng. Kadhim Jawad Aubais ◽  
Dr. Mohd Raihan Taha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Compressible Soil

The design foundations  of storage tanks for oil industry experiences significant problems due to the widespread occurrence of weak and compressible soil which resulted in foundation failure. In this study, soft soils were taken from two locations and mixed with three types of nanoparticles which were nano-alumina (nano Al2O3), nano-copper (nano CuO), and nano-magnesium (nano MgO). Nanomaterials were incorporated in small percentage (less than 1%) by dry weight of soil. The tested geotechnical characteristics included the water content, dry density, and the unconfined compressive strength. The results showed significant enhancements in the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength. The level of enhancement depended on the type of nanomaterials and the contents. Improved strength and hardening properties were shown with the utilization of nano CuO material in comparison to the soil samples with the other nanomaterials additions, with its optimum addition of 0.7% provided an increment rate of 662.7% while the optimum nano CuO which is about 1% showed a 532% increasing rate in the compressive strength of S1 soil. It was noted that the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength enhanced with the increase in the nanoparticles content until reaching a percentage in which the strength decreased. The optimum content of the nano MgO was 0.3% while the optimum nano Al2O3 content was about 0.3% for soil S1 and was about 0.1% for soil S2. The presence of nanomaterials in excessive contents caused agglomeration of particles which had negative influences on mechanical characteristics of the soils. Generally, the incorporation of finer particles like nanoparticles even with low amount would improve the geotechnical characteristics of soils with the consideration of the potential environmental benefits, these combined admixtures are intended to lower the cost and become a more sustainable and environmental alternative for soil stabilization

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence for Prediction of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Stabilized Soil for Affordable Housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7503
Author(s):  
Woubishet Zewdu Taffese ◽  
Kassahun Admassu Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Ensemble Models ◽  
Wide Range

Soil stabilization is the alteration of physicomechanical properties of soils to meet specific engineering requirements of problematic soils. Laboratory examination of soils is well recognized as appropriate for examining the engineering properties of stabilized soils; however, they are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive. In this work, four artificial intelligence based models (OMC-EM, MDD-EM, UCS-EM+, and UCS-EM−) to predict the optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) are developed. Experimental data covering a wide range of stabilized soils were collected from previously published works. The OMC-EM, MDD-EM, and UCS-EM− models employed seven features that describe the proportion and types of stabilized soils, Atterberg limits, and classification groups of soils. The UCS-EM+ model, besides the seven features, employs two more features describing the compaction properties (OMC and MDD). An optimizable ensemble method is used to fit the data. The model evaluation confirms that the developed three models (OMC-EM, MDD-EM, and UCS-EM+) perform reasonably well. The weak performance of UCS-EM− model validates that the features OMC and MDD have substantial significance in predicting the UCS. The performance comparison of all the developed ensemble models with the artificial neural network ones confirmed the prediction superiority of the ensemble models.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KAPUR SEBAGAI STABILIZING AGENT TERHADAP INDEKS PLASTISITAS DAN KUAT GESER LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF MEUNASAH RAYEUK

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Teuku Julis Syamdiofa ◽  
Munirwansyah Munirwansyah ◽  
Renni Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Yellow Clay

Clay soil from Desa Meunasah Rayeuk quarry in Kaway XVI,  West Aceh Regency is a land material frequently used for construction of road infrastructure. In this quarry, there are three types of soil based on the color, yellow, red, and gray. The three types of soil have expansive characteristics, so they are not suitable for subgrade.  This unoptimal characteristic can be improved through soil stabilization. One of them by utilizing the reaction of catinonization between lime Ca(OH)2 with the clay soil. Therefore, a research needs to be conducted to find out the characteristics of physical and mechanical properties of the original soil and the effect of cationization of the soil and lime mixture on the soil plasticity index and soil shear strength parameters. Testing is done through mineralogical test and ASTM standard tests that include physical properties, standard compaction, and direct shear strength test. Variations of lime addition are 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of the soil dry weight. The test results show that the addition of lime can reduce the soil plasticity index and increase the shear strength of the soil on some level. At mixing up to 12% lime, the soil plasticity index dropped to 12.93% in yellow clay, 11.12% in red clay, and 16,76% in gray clay. The plasticity index after the addition of 12% lime has not met the minimum plasticity index requirement, ie 11%. The maximum shear strength for yellow clay is obtained at 3% lime, and 6% lime for red and gray clays.

scholarly journals Stabilization of soft clayey soils with sawdust ashes

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Hussein Karim ◽  
Makki Al-Recaby ◽  
Maha Nsaif
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

The problems of soft clayey soils are taken in considerations by many Iraqi geologists and civil engineers, because about 35% of the Iraqi clay soils (especially southern Iraq) are weak. Thus, it is necessary to improve the properties of such soils for road construction by means of using of various stabilizers such as sawdust ash. The main goal of the present study is to stabilize soft clay models with sawdust ash (SDA) additive using different percentages (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% by dry weight of soil). The results revealed that the additive has adverse effects on the property of soil indices by increasing its liquid limit and plasticity index due to clay content. The mixture of sawdust ashes with soft clay soils improves most other physical and mechanical properties of the soil, as expressed by a general reduction in specific gravity and maximum dry density (MDD), as well as a reduction in the compression coefficients (Cc and Cr) with an increase in SDA content. While increasing the optimum moisture content (OMC) and the undrained shear strength (cu) with the increase in SDA content. The stabilized soils (with 4 and 10% ash content) resulted in low CBR values (1.6-1.2%) which can be used as sub-base. The SDA can be considered as a cheap and acceptable stabilizing agent in road construction for improving most of the geotechnical properties of the soft clayey soil.

scholarly journals Influence of Zeolite on the Compaction Characteristics and Shear Strength Parameters of Cemented Sand

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3181-3191
Author(s):  
Ghasem Norouznejad ◽  
Issa Shooshpasha ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mirhosseini ◽  
Mobin Afzalirad
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Shear Strength Parameters ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Cemented Sand ◽  
Direct Shear Tests ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrates

It is well known that in geotechnical engineering, soil stabilization using cement is one of the appropriate approaches for enhancing soil characteristics. With respect to zeolite, its impact on the characteristics of cemented soil has not been fully evaluated. Thus, in the current research, a set of laboratory tests including standard Proctor compaction and direct shear tests (DSTs) considering four cement contents (2, 4, 6, and 8% of sand dry weight) and four zeolite contents (0%, 30%, 60%, and 90% of cement percentage as a replacement material) was carried out. The results indicated that the zeolite reduced Maximum Dry Density (MDD) while it increased value of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of cemented sand. Through the DSTs, it has been found that the replacement of cement by zeolite up to 30%, leads to the highest values of shear strength parameters due to the occurrence of pozzolanic and chemical reactions, particularly the production of higher amounts of calcium aluminate and calcium silicate hydrates in comparison with zeolite-free samples.

scholarly journals Laboratory experimental study on red mud geopolymer used as road subgrade materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 02043
Author(s):  
Lusheng Qin ◽  
Qingke Nie ◽  
Haiqing Zhang ◽  
Xiangxin Jia ◽  
Chuanchuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Cbr Test

Red mud is a strong alkaline waste discharged from the process of alumina extraction, which is harmful to the environment and its utilization rate is always low. One of the effective ways to utilize red mud is used as road subgrade material. In this paper, the industrial wastes including red mud, fly ash, slag, and desulfurized gypsum are used as basic raw materials to prepare subgrade filling materials. A series of laboratory tests, such as compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test (soaked and non-soaked conditions) and permeability test, are carried out. The physical and mechanical properties, such as maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, CBR value, expansion, permeability coefficient and soaked strength loss rate, of the mixtures with different proportions, were studied. The results can provide reference for the selection of the best proportion scheme and promote the utilization of red mud in subgrade engineering.

Performance Improvement of Soft Rock as Filling Material for Subgrade

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 3444-3448
Author(s):  
Xue Song Mao ◽  
Lei Gang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Zhong Zheng ◽  
Biao Ma ◽  
Jie Liang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Optimum Water

A soft rock is generally prohibited to be used as filling material for highway subgrade. A novel method for improving the performance of subgrade is proposed. Aiming at the large amount of highly weathered soft rock along Shiyan-Tianshui superhighway, the physical and mechanical properties of the natural soft rock is analyzed. Then the cement is mixed into the soft rock as filling material to better the subgrade performance.The field and indoor experiments showed that the maximum dry density and optimum water content increases when the cement content increases. By mixing the cement, the subgrade performance can be significantly improved.

scholarly journals Characterization and Comparison Research on Composite of Alluvial Clayey Soil Modified with Fine Aggregates of Construction Waste and Fly Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Qu Jili ◽  
Wang Junfeng ◽  
Batugin Andrian ◽  
Zhu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Optimum Water Content

Abstract Fine aggregates of construction waste and fly ash were selected as additives to modify the characteristics of Shanghai clayey soil as a composite. The laboratory tests on consistency index, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were carried out mainly for the purpose of comparing the modifying effect on the composite from fine aggregates of construction waste with that from fly ash. It is mainly concluded from test results that the liquid and plastic limit of the composites increase with the content of two additives. But their maximum dry density all decreases with the additive content. However, fine aggregates of construction waste can increase the optimum water content of the composites, while fly ash on the contrary. Finally, although the two additive all can increase the unconfined compressive strength of composites, fly ash has better effect. The current conclusions are also compared with previous studies, which indicates that the current research results are not completely the same as those from other researchers.

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