scholarly journals Becoming a gay caretaker of a religious image (Camarero): Catholic devotion in the Philippines as a gendered social practice

Simulacra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Peter Romerosa ◽  
John Francis Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Gender Performativity ◽  
Religious Images ◽  
Catholic Tradition

Pagsasanto or the beliefs and practices associated with the caretaking of religious images is a Catholic devotion brought by the Spanish colonization in the Philippines. The history of pagsasanto illuminates a religious tradition exclusively performed by old-rich women (camareras) and prominent political families. At present, the changing gender roles in pagsasanto through the growing participation of gay caretakers of religious images (camareros) has redefined the practice. This shift prompted the researchers to investigate how gender mediates a devotional practice and how gender is constructed, negotiated, and performed through pagsasanto. Using ethnography, the researchers did participant observation to examine the meanings and practices associated with pagsasanto activities such as decorating the image and its carriage as well as joining the procession. To facilitate further analysis, interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken among four gay informants, highlighting their life histories as image caretakers. Data were categorized through themes and analysed from a critical cultural perspective. The research found that gender mediates pagsasanto and vice versa. The becoming of a gay camarero is rooted in cultural practice and familial Catholic tradition. The changing meanings of pagsasanto arecontingent on gender performativity, market, social media and the growingcommunity networks.

Rain or Shine Shield: Language and Ropes of Sadok Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyalda T. Bolivar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Materials Used

A sadok or salakot is a farmer’s cherished possession, protecting him from the sun or rain. The Sadok, persisting up to the present, has many uses. The study of Sadok making was pursued to highlight an important product, as a cultural tradition in the community as craft, art, and part of indigenous knowledge in central Antique in the Philippines. Despite that this valuable economic activity needs sustainability, it is given little importance if not neglected, and seems to be a dying economic activity. The qualitative study uses ethnophenomenological approaches to gather data using interviews and participant observation, which aims to describe the importance of Sadok making. It describes how the makers learned the language of Sadok making, especially terms related to materials and processes. The study revealed that the makers of Sadok learned the language from their ancestors. They have lived with them and interacted with them since they were young. Sadok making is a way of life and the people observe their parents work and assist in the work which allows them to learn Sadok making. They were exposed to this process through observations and hands-on activities or ‘on-the-job’ informal training. They were adept with the terms related to the materials and processes involved in the making of Sadok as they heard these terms from them. They learned the terms bamboo, rattan, tabun-ak (leaves used) and nito (those creeping vines) as materials used in Sadok making. The informants revealed that the processes involved in the making of Sadok are long and tedious, starting from the soaking, curing and drying of the bamboo, cleaning and cutting these bamboo into desired pieces, then with the intricacies in arranging the tabun-ak or the leaves, and the weaving part, until the leaves are arranged, up to the last phase of decorating the already made Sadok. In summary, socialization is one important factor in learning the language and a cultural practice such as Sadok making. It is an important aspect of indigenous knowledge that must be communicated to the young for it to become a sustainable economic activity, which could impact on the economy of the locality. Local government units should give attention to this indigenous livelihood. Studies that would help in the enhancement of the products can likewise be given emphasis.

Intersex Genital Mutilation – A Western Version of fgm

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The West ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The World ◽  
Vast Range ◽  
Female Genital

Children around the world are subjected to genital mutilation, which constitutes a serious breach of the rights of the child. When procedures are carried out on girl children in countries such as Africa, the Middle East and the Philippines, the practice is called Female Genital Mutilation or fgm. Although the term fgm involves a vast range of rituals from extremely invasive to quite minor, it is universally decried as an abhorrent social practice for which there should be zero tolerance. Yet intersex children in the West are subjected to equivalent treatment, and their plight has been ignored or endorsed. In the last few years, the practice has begun to be seen as a form of cruel and unusual treatment, possibly constituting torture. Now referred to as Intersex Genital Mutilation or igm, it is argued that this is a cultural practice equivalent to fgm and that advocates of children’s rights should work to prevent the abuse of intersex children.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trude Fonneland
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
Rare Opportunity

In the introduction, the outline of the chapters is presented, and the context for the study of contemporary shamanisms in Norway is drawn. The chapter provides an outline for why I have chosen to examine the field of shamanism in Norway through interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. I argue that the project, although obviously not exhaustive, nor even representative of the contemporary setting, represents a rare opportunity to study a late modern religious tradition in the process of evolution.

Country Music as Cultural Practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Country Music ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Folk Revival ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Community Expression ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

This chapter argues that country music should be examined first and foremost as social practice—as a driver of community expression and social capital through music, words, and dance. While country music functions in a multitude of ways, from narrative storytelling to commercial product and points in between, the commercial sphere of country music has been exhaustively examined. Scholarly inquiry into country music, rooted in the folk revival of the mid-twentieth century and significantly influenced by collectors (and collections) of commercial country music, has maintained a southern, commercial focus for much of the past half-century. As such, scholarly and popular understanding of what, where, and who country music springs from has ignored significant regional vernacular forms and uses of country music. Ethnographic inquiry has made it possible to tell the story country music culture and traditions. Murphy illustrates his argument with examples from New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and Atlantic Canada.

scholarly journals Intersection of the Religious and the Secular: The Cemetery Festival in Latvia

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Anita Stasulane
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Ritual Practices ◽  
Research Tools

This article addresses the commemoration of the deceased by examining a peculiar Latvian religious tradition—the cemetery festival. Latvian society is moving down the path to secularization. Participation in religious ritual practices could be expected to decrease in a predominately secular society. Nevertheless, the tradition of the cemetery festival practiced in Latvia shows that the relationship between the religious and the secular is much more complex than simply being in opposition to each other. The analysis is based on data obtained by undertaking fieldwork at cemeteries in Latvia. Participant observation and qualitative in-depth interviews were the main research tools used in the fieldwork. Through an analysis of the fieldwork data, this article explains, first, how honoring of the deceased currently takes place in Latvia; second, the factors which have determined the preservation of the cemetery festival tradition despite the forced secularization of the Soviet period and the general secularization encountered today; third, the relationship between religious and secular activities and their transformation at the cemetery festival.

Reconsidering Taíno Social Dynamics after Spanish Conquest: Gender and Class in Culture Contact Studies

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Deagan
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Culture Contact ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Before And After

Despite the fact that the Taíno people of the Caribbean were the first Native Americans to encounter and coexist with Europeans after 1492, there has been almost no archaeology of Taíno response to that encounter. This study explores the reasons for (and consequences of) this neglect, and their larger implications for American contact-period archaeology. It also challenges prevailing historical models of Taíno social disintegration, drawing upon six years of archaeological work at the En Bas Saline site in Haiti, the only extensively excavated Taíno townsite occupied both before and after contact. Our results, organized by a household-scale analytical framework emphasizing Taíno constructions of gender and class, suggest that there were few major alterations to traditional Taíno social practice during the post-contact period, and most of these were related to activities thought to have been the domain of non-elite Taíno men. It is suggested that the relatively nonspecialized gender roles among the Taíno, as well as the clearly differentiated nature of their social classes, may have served as mitigating factors in the disruption of Taíno cultural practice under Spanish domination. This work also reveals a marked Taíno resistance to the incorporation of European cultural elements, which provides a striking contrast to the Spanish patterns documented in contact-era European towns, and underscores the critical importance of incorporating gender relations into studies of culture contact.

Women who frequent soup kitchens: A cultural, gender-mainstreaming perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-414
Author(s):  
Chaya Possick
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
User Friendly

Summary The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the meanings Israeli women who frequent soup assign to this experience. The study is based on participant observation and 16 recorded interviews with women in eight soup kitchens in Israel. The study adopts a gender-mainstreaming approach to food security that privileges the life knowledge of women living in poverty. The grounded theory method was employed in the collection and analysis of the data-field notes and interviews. Findings Four main categories regarding women’s constructions of motivations for frequenting soup kitchens emerged: (1) nutritional needs, (2) feeding others, (3) overall economic strategy, and (4) social needs. The issue of dealing with shame is also explored from a humanist and cultural perspective. Applications The findings indicate the need for social workers to consider food security, and eating arrangements when making assessments, evaluating interventions and developing programs and policies in all practice settings. Social workers need to provide information about community food services that are accessible and user-friendly for their women clients who deal with food insecurity and social isolation. Soup kitchens should be structured to allow for active participation of the service users in the administration and operation of food security programs. Finally, social workers should adopt a critical, feminist position regarding women’s use of soup kitchens as an oppressive survival strategy that stems from inequality in gender and class power relations.

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI SUFISME DALAM JAMAAH SHALAWAT WAHIDIYYAH DI KEDIRI DAN MALANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Fatkhul Wahab ◽  
Ahmad Bukhori ◽  
Athiyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depth Interviews

Among Muslim communities, love of the Prophet Muhammad embodied in a religious tradition known as shalawāh tradition. Shalawāh is an expression of deep gratitude for the guidance to Muslims on the right path. Sufism that emphasizes reading Shalawāh of the Prophet Muhammad as dhikr primarily is Shalawāh Wāhidiyah. The main purpose of Shalawāh Wāhidiyah is to alleviate people from the shirk and return to the straight and true that by pleasing Allah. The focuses of this study are: (1) how do the precepts and values of Sufism in the Jamaat Shalawāh Wāhidiyah? (2)  How do the precepts and values are promoted and practiced by Jamaat Shalawāh Wāhidiyah? (3)  How does the experience of spirituality Jamaat Shalawāh Wāhidiyah? This study is a qualitative study by using a naturalistic paradigm and phenomenology approach. The data were collected by in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentary in the form of journals, magazines and so on. While the data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation of data, the validity of the data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Shalawāh Wāhidiyah precepts include: a. li Allāh, bi Allāh; b. li al-RasÅ«l, bi al-RasÅ«l; c. li al-ghauts bi al-ghauts; d. yu'thÄ« kull dzÄ« ḥaqq; e. taqdÄ«m al-hamm tsumm al-hamm, fa al-fa’ tsumm al-fa'. The values contained in Shalawāh Wāhidiyah Sufism, among others: taubah, ikhlāsh, syukr, mahabbah. (2) Socialization Shalawāh Wāhidiyah precepts are done by 1. individual, 2. packaged in a formal form as mujāhadah nishf al-sanah and mujāhadah kubrā, 3. through dreams, 4. implemented in the form of books, magazines, newsletters, and CDs. While this practice Shalawāh Wāhidiyah carried out in different ways mujāhadah usbÅ«'iyyah, mujāhadah syahriyyah, mujāhadah rub’ al-sanah, mujāhadah nishf al-sanah, and so forth. Keywords: The values of Sufism, Shalawāh Wāhidiyah

scholarly journals Os “aulões” nos espaços de privação de liberdade como ato de esperança

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Luciana Ferreira da Silva Moraes ◽  
Elenice Maria Cammarosano Onofre
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Investigación Cualitativa ◽  
Liberating Education

ResumoO objetivo deste estudo é analisar a atividade de preparo e desenvolvimento de aulas baseadas em um tema gerador e que acontecem em espaços de privação de liberdade nos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, estado de Mato Grosso. A questão que suleou o estudo é: Como se desenvolvem os “aulões” como prática social libertadora em espaços restritivos de liberdade? Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, de observação participante, que ocorreu em reuniões do Pró-Escolas Formação na Escola - MT. Os dados coletados foram registrados em Diários de Campo e analisados à luz da Análise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Os resultados evidenciaram que os “aulões” se apresentam como possibilidade de educação libertadora mesmo em um espaço com normas rígidas e opressoras como a prisão.Palavras-chave: Processos Educativos. Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Espaços de Privação de Liberdade.The “aulões” in the spaces of deprivation of liberty as an act of hopeAbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the preparation and development of classes based on a generating theme that take place in spaces of deprivation of liberty in the municipalities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, state of Mato Grosso. The question that guide the study is: How do the “aulões” develop as a liberating social practice in spaces that restrict freedom? This is a qualitative research, of participant observation, which took place in meetings of the Pro-Schools Training at School – MT. The data collected were recorded in Field Diaries and analyzed in light of the Content Analysis of Laurence Bardin. The results showed that the “aulões” present themselves as a possibility of liberating education even in a space with rigid and oppressive norms like prison.Keywords: Educative Processes. Youth and Adult Education. Spaces of Deprivation of Liberty.“Aulões” en los espacios de privación de libertad como acto de esperanzaResumenEl propósito de este estudio es analizar la preparación y desarrollo de clases basadas en un tema generativo que se desarrollan en lugares de privación de libertad en los municipios de Cuiabá y Várzea Grande, estado de Mato Grosso. La pregunta que guio el estudio es: ¿Cómo se desarrollan los “aulões” como práctica social liberadora en espacios que restringen la libertad? Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de observación participante, que se llevó a cabo en los encuentros de Formación Pro-Escuelas en la Escuela – MT. Los datos recopilados se registraron en Diarios de Campo y se analizaron a la luz del Análisis de Contenido de Laurence Bardin. Los resultados mostraron que los “aulões” son una posibilidad de educación liberadora incluso en un espacio con normas rígidas y opresivas como la prisión.Palabras clave: Procesos Educativos. Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos. Espacios de Privación de Libertad.

scholarly journals Cultural Access to the Educational system in Iraq and its Impact on Human Development: Cultural Anthropology Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (126) ◽  
pp. 232-263
Author(s):  
Thakra Abd Manaam Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Method

This paper concern with the cultural access to the educational system as a base for human development within Iraqi society. Students of Anthropology understand that culture would always shape the components of the society according to the cultural perspective, including educational system who reflects the cultural heritage in some way. This study is an attempt to study the impact of Iraqi culture as a base to rehabilitate and rebuild educational system to bring about and contribute to the continues development in relation to human resources recruitment in order to run the socio-economic aspects of the comprehensive development in the country depending on the educational system who play essential role in every society’s development; technically, scientifically and socially. The researcher adopted the descriptive method of data collection, including participant observation, semi-structured and structured interviews on a random sample of 160 respondents on Alsuha District of Alshaab City in Baghdad and Alshammasia district in Aladhamyah city. This is the only available way to collect data.

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