scholarly journals Detection of Listeria Species and Staphylococcus aureus in Smoked Fish Sold Within Ahmadu Bello University Main Campus Samaru, Zaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Musa B. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Listeria Ivanovii ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Hygiene practices in food processing plants are important determinants of food quality and safety. Poor hygiene practices may result in the contamination of foods and food products with pathogens, which means a serious risk to public health. This study was aimed at isolating and determining the antibacterial susceptibility profile of Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus from smoked fish sold within Ahmadu Bello University Main Campus. A total of twenty-five (25) smoked fish samples were collected. Fifteen (15) samples, five each from Community market, Akenzua market and ICSA Ramat market were processed and inoculated on Mannitol Salt Agar for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. The remaining ten (10) samples were processed using stomacher and on Listeria Selective Agar (Oxford formulation) for the isolation of Listeria spp. The isolates were characterized based on their colonial morphology, Gram’s and biochemical reactions. In addition, agglutination test was carried out to further identify Listeria spp. Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from all the 15 samples analyzed, giving an occurrence of 100%. However, only one Listeria spp. (Listeria ivanovii) was isolated from the 10 samples analyzed, with a 10% occurrence. All the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics, but four were resistant to rocephin and eight to ampiclox. The Listeria ivanovii isolate was also resistant to most of the antibiotics and susceptible to only two. The Multiple Antibiotics Resistance Index (MARI) of S. aureus isolates ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 while it was 0.75 for the Listeria ivanovii isolate. The study demonstrated that smoked fish sold in Ahmadu Bello University Main Campus were found to be contaminated and its consumption is potentially regarded as a health hazard, as such measures should be adopted to control it. Keywords: Smoked fish, Isolation, Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Antibacterial susceptibility pattern

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Products and Anterior Nares of Dairy Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Ranjana K.C. ◽  
Ganga Timilsina ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Supriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Dairy Workers

Objectives: To isolate methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy products and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods: Swab samples collected from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy product (butter) were inoculated into mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification was done based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining, catalase, oxidase and coagulase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed by using cefoxitin disc. Results: A total of 109 S. aureus (98 from dairy workers and 11 from butter samples) were isolated. Out of them 32 MRSA were isolated from dairy workers and 4 from butter samples. The association between age group and MRSA was found insignificant (p = 0.115). The association of MRSA between male and female workers was found significant (>0.05). About 86% of the MRSA isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin (86.11%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (77.78%). Conclusion: Detection of MRSA among dairy workers and dairy products warrants proper handling and adequate control measures to prevent transmission of MRSA from dairy industry.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Properties of Bayur Tissues’ Extract (Pterospermum subpeltatum C.B. Rob)

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pince Salempa ◽  
Alfian Noor ◽  
Tjodi Harlim ◽  
Nunuk Hariani ◽  
Muharram Muharram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Pterospermum is of plant genus in the Sterculiaceae family, which has never been studied for its secondary metabolite compound. The others species from this genus have long been used in generations of traditional medicine. For example, P. Javanicum has been used to treat dysentery, toothaches and ulcers. From the antibacterial testing carried out on some tissues of Pterospermum subpeltatum by GNA diffusion method,  this plant showed antibacterial potential, especially toward Shigella boydii and Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of different extract of medicinal plant Antirrihnum Orontium.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himayat Ullah ◽  
Shehzad Saleem ◽  
Wisal Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
Zahid Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Quaternary Base ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Antirrhinum Orontium is belonging to the family Plantaginacea commonly known as lesser snapdragon which is a flowering plant belong to genus Antirrhinum. It was traditionally used in treatment of Tumor, Eye inflammation and Ulcer. Antirrhinum Orontium is contain mostly tertiary alkaloids bases one of them is identified as 4-methyl-2, 6-naphthyridine and Choline is identified as quaternary base. The recent study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of Ethyl acetate, Dichloromethane, Hexane and Water extracts of Antirrhinum Orontium, against the pathogen like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both the Soxhlet and Maceration water extract were found most active from the other extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using agar well diffusion method. The measured zone of inhibition for Soxhlet water extract is 21±0.05mm and Maceration water extract is 20±0.05mm against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, while for gram negative Escherichia coli 23±0.05mm is measured for Soxlet and 21±0.05mm measured for Maceration water extracts

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMANASAN, TINGKAT KEASAMAN (pH) DAN KONSENTRASI GARAM TERHADAP STABILITAS ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT KAYU AKWAY (Drimys piperita Hook f.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Nemesio Cepeda ◽  
Meike Meilan Lisangan ◽  
Isak Silamba ◽  
Nitia Nilawati ◽  
Eka Syartika
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT  Akway (Drimys piperita) is a woody, evergreen and aromatic plant that belongs to family winteraceae. This plant is used by Sougb tribe lived in Sururey village, District of Anggi, to enhance the vitality of body. The objectives of the research were to determine antimicrobial stability of akway bark extracts influenced by heating time of 100OC, levels of acidity (pH) and salt contents.. Antimicrobial assays were done by using agar well diffusion method against four species of bacteria, i.e.  Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Bacillus cereus ATCC10876, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. The results showed that ethanolic extracts of akway bark only inhibited growth of B. cereus and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration 0,99% and 0,89% . The levels of concentration and acidity of ethanol extracts  influenced the antimicrobial capacity of extracts.. Whereas heating time on 100OC during 25 minutes and salt contents  up to 5% of extract solution did not influence the antimicrobial stability of  akway bark extracts. Key words : akway, extracts, antimicrobe, pH, Heating, salt ABSTRAK Akway (Drimys piperita) adalah tumbuhan berkayu, aromatik dan hijau sepanjang tahun dan tergolong dalam suku winteraceae. Tumbuhan ini digunakan oleh Suku Sougb yang bermukim di desa Sururey Distrik Anggi, untuk mengobati malaria dan meningkatkan vitalitas tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan stabilitas antimikroba ekstrak kulit kayu akway pada waktu pemanasan ekstrak pada 100OC, tingkat keasaman (pH) dan kandungan garam. Pengujian antimikroba dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar terhadap empat spesies bakteri yaitu Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Bacillus cereus ATCC10876, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit kayu akway hanya dapat menghambat bakteri Bacillus cereus dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum masing-masing adalah 0,99% dan 0,89%. Tingkat konsentrasi dan keasaman (pH) mempengaruhi kapasitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol kulit kayu akway. Sedangkan perlakuan pemanasan pada suhu 100OC dengan lama pemanasan sampai dengan 25 menit dan penambahan garam NaCl sampai konsentrasi 5%  tidak berpengaruh pada stabilitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol kulit kayu akway.  

scholarly journals Combination Gel Formulation Extracts of Moringa Leaf and Red Betel Leaf as an Inhibitor of Acne-Causing Bacteria (Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus aureus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Eko Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Wahono Sumaryono ◽  
Chaidir Chaidir
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Storage ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The most common skin disorder is acne (Acne vulgaris) which is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the pilosebaceous unit. Infection can be caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Moringa leaves are known to inhibit acne growth. Piper crocatum leaves are also thought to have antibacterial activity. The study aims to determine the effect of the combination of the two extracts in inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria, also tested the gel formula to meet physical and chemical parameters as well as stability to temperature and storage, also to test the acute dermal irritation against rabbit. Each extract with a concentration of 0.3%; 0.6%; 1.25%; 2.5%; 5%; 10%; 20%, incubated then measured the inhibition zone, then determined the minimum inhibition zone concentration of the two extracts to determine the lowest levels of the extracts which still gave antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria by the well diffusion method. The extract combination was formulated in a gel preparation with the excipients Carbopol 940, PG, Phenoxyethanol, TEA, CMC, and Aquadest. Antibacterial activity test for gel preparations used the well method with positive control Medi-Klin® gel. Then the formula evaluation includes physical, chemical, and microbiological evaluations. The results showed that the combination gel form had activity against P. acne and S. aureus at concentrations of 2.5% : 2.5%. The combination gel preparation of the two extracts also has synergistic effect in inhibiting acne bacteria. The formula can meet physical and chemical parameters and is stable to temperature and storage.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Shrines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Arjyal ◽  
Jyoti KC ◽  
Shreya Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in human beings and animals is concerning; it stands out as one of the leading agents causing nosocomial and community infections. Also, marginally increasing drug resistance in MRSA has limited therapeutic options. This study focuses on estimating the prevalence of MRSA in shrines, a place where human and animal interaction is frequent, sharing antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic-resistant genes, and diseases. A total of 120 environmental swabs were collected from targeted areas during the study period, March 2018 to May 2018. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by growth on mannitol salt agar (MSA), and MRSA by growth on mannitol salt agar containing 4 μg Oxacillin, Gram staining, and conventional biochemical test. Isolates of S. aureus were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method. MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) proportion were 19% and 81%, respectively; a high rate of MRSA was observed in isolates from Thapathali (28.6%). MSSA isolates showed a high rate of resistance to erythromycin (64.7%). MRSA isolates were resistant to gentamicin (50%), cotrimoxazole (25%), erythromycin (50%), and ciprofloxacin (25%). The isolates were susceptible to linezolid (100%), clindamycin (100%), ciprofloxacin (75%), erythromycin (50%), tetracycline (100%), and cotrimoxazole (75%). Intermediate resistance was also found in gentamicin (50%). Of the 11 MSSA isolates that were erythromycin resistant and clindamycin sensitive, 6 (54.5%) showed the inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) pattern and 2 MRSA isolates that were erythromycin resistant and clindamycin sensitive showed ICR pattern. Fifteen MSSA isolates were β-lactamase positive, whereas only two MRSA isolates showed β-lactamase production. There exists a minimal research work on infectious diseases that are shared between primates and animals. This study suggests the pervasiveness of MRSA/MSSA in the shrines, which may be a primary place for pathogen exchange between humans and primates.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Samanea saman LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus AND ITS TOTAL FLAVONOID AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
W. S. Rita ◽  
I M. D. Swantara ◽  
I. A. R. Astiti Asih ◽  
N.K. Sinarsih
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Samanea Saman ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Antibacterial activity of Samanea saman usually shows a positif correlation to the flavonoid and phenolic contents.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Samanea saman against Escherechia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and determine the total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the extract. The extraction was done by ethanol 96% at room temperature. The antibacterial assay was conducted by agar disc diffusion method. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined by UV-Vis Spectrofotometer with the standard of quersetin and galic acid, respectively. The extraction of 250 g of Samanea saman leaves resulted in 24.5 g of ethanol extracts. The ethanol extract showed a moderate inhibition of 8.33 mm towards E. coli and a strong inhibition of 13.6 mm towards S. aureus at the concentration of 4%. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract against E. coli and S.aureus were of 3% and 0.3%”, respectively. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents were successively 1233.2991 mg QE/100g and 2544.6154 mg GAE/100g. Keywords: Escherechia coli, flavonoid and phenolic content,  Samanea saman, Staphylococcus aureus

Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole Derivatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 5293-5296
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi P M ◽  
Sheeba Jasmin TS ◽  
Manu Jose
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Ir And Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Heterocyclic Moiety

1,3,4-Thiadiazole is an important heterocyclic moiety, forms an integral core structural component of different categories of drugs such as antimicrobial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, antiviral, antineoplastics, and analgesic agents. It is a key moiety in current discovery and designing of new drugs. The compounds were synthesised by both conventional method and microwave method. The targeted derivatives can be synthesised in a shorter time under microwave condition than under conventional reaction condition. Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR and NMR Spectroscopy. Antibacterial property of two synthesised analogs were evaluated by Agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of antibacterial activity showed that both the compounds were active against Staphylococcus aureus and inactive against Escherichia coli. Results of invitro studies showed that modifications in SB-2-PHB and SB-8-PHB will make it as a promising lead molecule for further research.

scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wound Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Jyoti Shrestha ◽  
Krishan Govinda Prajapati ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Pramod Poudel ◽  
Santosh Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates from wound infections. Methods: A total of 706 wound specimens including pus and wound swab were analyzed in the laboratory of B and B Hospital, Lalitpur from May to October 2014. The specimens were cultured on Blood Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Strains resistant to cefoxitin (30mcg) with inhibition zone ≤ 21mm were identified as MRSA. Results: Out of 366 bacterial isolates, 90 (24.6%) were S. aureus and among them 16.7% were MRSA and 54.4% multi-drug resistant (MDR). All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and most of the isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin (83.3%). High rate of resistance was observed towards penicillin (98.9%) and ampicillin (86.7%). All MRSA isolates and 52.9% of methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were MDR. Conclusion: MRSA incidence is increasing in the population, and therapeutic measures are few and accompanied by diverse side effects. It is noteworthy to state that vancomycin is still the first line drug although vancomycin-resistant strains have been reported.

Hemolysis, Platelet Aggregation and Antibacterial Activities of Human Antiphospholipid Antibody

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Ahmadi Shapoorabadi ◽  
Maryam Sadat Mirbagheri Firoozabad ◽  
Neda Habibi ◽  
Giti Emtiazi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Anti-phospholipid antibodies have the potential to become an alternative to conventional antibiotics for humans. The Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease where the body’s defense system incorrectly reacts against its own phospholipids. APS is distinct through the existence of venous and arterial thromboses, frequently multiple and recurring fetal losses, commonly accompanied by moderate thrombocytopenia. Anti-phospholipid antibodies include lupus anti-coagulant, anti- cardiolipin, anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1, and anti-prothrombin antibodies. Methods: In this study, the mechanism of action of Anti-phospholipid antibodies against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in great detail using a unique combination of imaging and biophysical techniques. Antibacterial activity of antiphospholipid antibodies was detected by a diffusion method and the investigation of the complexity of antibody-antigen was done by spectroscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Results: There was a profound change in the bacteria treated with healthy and patient serum in the optical microscopic study. In all of the studied fields, bacterial treatment with patient serum immediately induced bacterial swelling and cumulative accumulation of the bacteria while no changes were observed in the healthy serum. Anti-bacterial activities of patient serum were detected on the plate. The result of this study showed that after platelet activation by thrombin and incubation with antiphospholipid antibodies, the platelet was aggregated. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showed that the cell wall of Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus incubated with antiphospholipid had a bizarre shape and antiphospholipid antibodies bound to bacterial membranes. Conclusion: The data indicated that antiphospholipid antibodies with hemolysis activities have an effect on Gram-positive and negative bacteria and these antibodies have the potential to become antibiotic for human.

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