scholarly journals Issues of pathogenetic relationships between neurochemical indices under the chronic mercury exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kudaeva ◽  
Olga V. Naumova ◽  
Olga A. Dyakovich ◽  
Liudmila B. Masnavieva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
General System ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Mercury Intoxication

Introduction. Currently, the role of neurochemical factors in the pathogenesis of disorders caused by mercury exposure remains unclear. Material and methods. A survey was conducted of 77 male patients (average age: 45.4+1.1 years, average experience - 17.1+1.1 years) exposed to mercury vapor (46 persons without pathology, 31 - with signs of disorders in the nervous system), 36 patients were diagnosed with chronic mercury intoxication (CMI) in the long-term period. We determined dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), epinephrine (AD), normetanephrine (NMN), metanephrine (MN), serotonin (SER), histamine (HIST), brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophic factor 3 (NT-3), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and neuron-specific enolase. The analysis of features correlations was calculated by the sum of the square of correlation relations (∑ŋ) between indices and the determination of the influence and dependence ranks for each component. Results. In workers without signs of pathology, the leading role among catecholamines was occupied by NA (∑ŋЗ/NA = 1.65), in the general system the top position belonged to HIST (∑ŋЗ/HIST = 2.10), SER had a minimum value (∑ŋЗ/SER = 0). In individuals with signs of disorders in the nervous system, AD and DA were regulated via NMN (ŋAD/NMN = 0.29) and MN (ŋAD/MN = 0.59 and ηDA/MN = 0.46), which had an upper position in the system (∑ŋЗ/NMN = 1.62 and ∑ηЗ/MN = 1.92). CNTF belonged to the determining position among neurotrophic factors (∑ŋЗ/CNTF = 0.75). In patients with CMI, NA (∑ŋЗ/NA = 1.48) was the leading position. SER and HIST occupied the lowest ranking position (∑ŋЗ/SER = 0.59 and ∑ŋЗ/HIST = 0.25). The presence of three closed subsystems is established. In one of them (NT-3, CNTF, and BDNF), BDNF was influenced by other factors. Discussion. The interdependence between neurochemical indices specifyie their involvement in the pathological process of disorders in the central nervous system under chronic mercury exposure. Conclusion. Changes in the interdependencies in the system of neurochemical indices under the influence of mercury have a labile character, which determines the development of clinical manifestations of the disorders of the nervous system.

scholarly journals The clinical manifestations of nervous system mesenchyme syphilis

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
T. A. Valikova ◽  
V. M. Alifirova ◽  
I. M. Fyodorova ◽  
N. Yu. Paimursina
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Pathologic Process ◽  
First Case ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
The Brain

Nervous system syphilis — neurosyphilis (NS) belongs to rather rare diseases. According to the different authors data available it comes to about 1% of the nervous system organic disturbances and develops by 5—10% syphilous patients not having been treated in the acute stage of the pathological process. The syphilitic disturbance of the nervous system is a chronic progressive disease caused by the pale spirochaeta. The nervous system disturbance occurs basically in two ways: secondary one, because of brain shells, vessels, gummatous manifestations involving in the pathologic process; or primary one, when the causative agent affects directly the brain substance. In the first case syphilis is called rnesodermic or early one; in the second case — parenchymatous or late, primary one. In the article the analysis of two clinical cases of mesenchyme neurosyphilis is carried out: latent neurosyphilis and syphilitic meningomyelitis. Neurosyphilis classification is applied to clinical manifestatons of syphilitic arachnoiditis and vasculitis are described. The methods of specific and nonspecific therapy of mesenchyme syphilis are stated in detail.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN PERSONS EXPOSED TO MERCURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 990-994
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kudaeva ◽  
L. B. Masnavieva ◽  
O. V. Naumova ◽  
O. A. Dyakovich
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Mercury Intoxication ◽  
Chronic Mercury Intoxication ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Changes in biochemical indices characterizing the state of lipid peroxidation processes - antioxidant protection and lipid metabolism are observed during the occupational contact with mercury. These changes play a certain pathogenic role in the formation of disorders in the nervous system during mercury intoxication. In this regard, the aim was to study the relationship between biochemical indices at different stages of the development of mercury intoxication to justify approaches to therapeutic and preventive measures. Material and methods. A prospective cohort examination of persons exposed to the mercury vapor with signs of disorders in the nervous system, patients with chronic mercury intoxication and working in contact with mercury more than 5 years without signs of pathology was carried out. To study the relationship of features between biochemical indices, the sum of the square of correlation relations between the indices was calculated, the ranks of the influence of the system components on other factors and their dependencies were determined. Results. The decline in the level of nitric oxide metabolites was found to be one of the initial, long-term persisting in the pathogenesis of biochemical abnormalities, formed due to the contact with mercury. The development of the nervous system pathology under the mercury influence is accompanied by a change in the ratio of pro- and anti- oxidative processes, lipid metabolism disorders have an independent pathogenic significance. The long-term period of the chronic mercury intoxication is characterized by the formation of complex relationships in the biochemical system, the presence of several closed subsystems, which include nitrogen oxide metabolites. Conclusion. Given peculiarities of systemic interactions between biochemical indices, determining the role of certain factors in the overall system, as well as the presence/absence and composition of subsystems, pathogenic approaches to the correction of metabolic disorders at various stages of the mercury intoxication formation should be different.

scholarly journals COVID-19 as a systemic disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
V.N. Khirmanov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Severe Systemic Disease

COVID-19 usually manifests by respiratory symptoms. However, it would be an erroneous simplification to consider it as a local respiratory disease. The nervous system and intestines are often involved even in patients with mild infection, although the risk of dissemination of the infectious process and the development of severe systemic disease is mainly associated with lung damage. The addition of infectious thrombotic microvasculitis (endothelitis) to bronchopneumonia-alveolitis not only forms a substrate for respiratory failure, but also increases a risk of viruses entry into the bloodstream. Viral sepsis develops, whereas inflammatory thrombosis damages new areas of the vascular bed. These mechanisms or direct viral invasion can result in involvement of many tissues and organs in the pathological process. This review examines the molecular, cellular and clinical manifestations and complications of the new coronavirus disease.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN BRAIN OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROINFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Pavel Dyachenko ◽  
Igor Filchakov ◽  
Anatoly Dyachenko ◽  
Victoria Kurhanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Intrathecal Synthesis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mrz Reaction ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Viral encephalitis accounts for 40-70% of all cases worldwide, central nervous system infections pose a diagnostic challenge because clinical manifestations are not typically pathognomonic for specific pathogens, and a wide range of agents can be causative. The aim: To assess the diagnostic value of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in patients with inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system. Materials and methods: Within the framework of the study, two groups of 90 people in each were formed from the patients with neuroinfections admitted to our Center. Intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of total (unspecific) IgG in members of one of group (group of compare) was determined. Brain synthesis of specific antibodies (Ab) to some neurotropic pathogens (herpes simplex virus 1/2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, rubella virus, Borrelies) was studied in the second group of patients (group of interest). There were no statistically significant differences between groups by gender and age. Encephalitis and encephalomyelitis prevailed among patients of both groups Results: ITS of total IgG was established in 30 (33.3 ± 6.1 %) patients of the first group with IgG index more than 0.6 indicating on inflammatory process in CNS and no marked changes of CSF. ITS of specific Ab was determined in 23 of 90 (25.6 ± 4.6 %) patients included into group of interest. In more than half of cases Ab to several infectious agents were detected simultaneously. ITS of various specificity, in particular, to measles and rubella viruses, and VZV, known as MRZ-reaction, is characteristic of some autoimmune lesions of CNS, multiple sclerosis first of all. In fact, further research of 5 patients with MRZ-reaction confirmed their autoimmune failure of CNS. Detection of ITS in the CSF samples didn’t depend on concentration of specific Ab in serum and CSF and wasn’t followed by HEB dysfunctions which were observed with the same frequency in patients with or without ITS (13.0 % and 13.6 % respectively). Conclusion: Specific Ab synthesis to several neurotropic pathogens in the CSF of significant part of examined patients was established. Thus, diagnostic value of ITS of specific immunoglobulins seems to be limited to cases in which autoimmune damage of the CNS is suspected.

An Investigation of the Effects of Curcumin on the Changes in the Central Nervous System of Rats Exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the Prenatal Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Eray Alcigir ◽  
Halef Okan Dogan ◽  
Begum Yurdakok Dikmen ◽  
Kubra Dogan ◽  
Sevil Atalay Vural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Tunel Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background & Objective: Aroclor 1254 is a widespread toxic compound of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), which can create significant nervous problems. No remedies have been found to date. The aim of this study was to reveal the damage that occurs in the central nervous system of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the prenatal period and to show the inhibiting effect of curcumin, which is a strong anti-oxidant and neuroprotective substance. Method: The study established 3 groups of adult female and male Wistar albino rats. The rats were mated within these groups and the offspring rats were evaluated within the group given Aroclor 1254 only (n=10) and the group was given both Aroclor 1254 and curcumin (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The groups were compared in respect of pathomorphological damage. The immunohistochemical evaluation was made of 8-hydroxdeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxynoneal (4HNE), myelin basic protein (MBP) expressions and TUNEL reaction. The biochemical evaluation was made of the changes in the TAS-TOS and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) levels. Damage was seen to have been reduced with curcumin in the 8OHdG and TUNEL reactions, especially in the forebrain and the midbrain, although the dosage applied did not significantly change TAS and TOS levels. Consequently, it was understood that Aroclor 1254 caused damage in the central nervous system of the pup in the prenatal period, and curcumin reduced these negative effects, particularly in the forebrain and the midbrain. Conclusion: It was concluded that curcumin could be a potential neuroprotective agent and would be more effective at higher doses.

scholarly journals Polyneuropathy following COVID-19 infection: the rehabilitation approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e242330
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saif ◽  
Anton Pick
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Symmetrical Pattern

A range of neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been reported in the literature, but the pathogenesis of these have yet to be fully explained. The majority of cases of peripheral nervous system disease published thus far have shown a symmetrical pattern. In contrast, we describe the case of a patient with asymmetrical predominantly upper-limb sensorimotor polyneuropathy following COVID-19 infection, likely due to a multifactorial pathological process involving critical illness neuropathy, mechanical injury and inflammatory disease. His presentation, management and recovery contribute to the understanding of this complex condition and informs rehabilitation approaches.

Nerve Growth Factor Regulates the Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA in the Peripheral Nervous System

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart C. Apfel ◽  
Douglas E. Wright ◽  
Andrea M. Wiideman ◽  
Christine Dormia ◽  
William D. Snider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Nerve Growth

Developmental programmes of growth and survival in early sensory neurons

1991 ◽  
Vol 331 (1261) ◽  
pp. 259-262
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Target Distance ◽  
Trophic Factor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Target Field ◽  
Developing Nervous System

In the developing vertebrate nervous system the survival of neurons becomes dependent on the supply of a neurotrophic factor from their targets when their axons reach these targets. To determine how the onset of neurotrophic factor dependency is coordinated with the arrival of axons in the target field, we have studied the growth and survival of four populations of cranial sensory neurons whose axons have markedly different distances to grow to reach their targets. Axonal growth rate both in vivo and in vitro is related to target distance; neurons with more distant targets grow faster. The onset trophic factor dependency in culture is also related to target distance; neurons with more distant targets survive longer before becoming trophic factor dependent. These data suggest that programmes of growth and survival in early neurons play an important role in coordinating the timing of trophic interactions in the developing nervous system.

scholarly journals OP0086 GENDER INFLUENCE ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) SERUM LEVELS IN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY FIBROMYALGIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 47.2-47
Author(s):  
C. Gioia ◽  
B. Lucchino ◽  
C. Iannuccelli ◽  
G. Dolcini ◽  
M. DI Franco
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Males And Females

Background:Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common rheumatic disease characterized by chronic widespread pain, sleep and mood disorders. A higher prevalence of FM in women compared with men is well known, although the specific differences in clinical manifestations related to gender are still poorly defined. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is an endogenous growth factor that gained attention for its potential as biomarker of several diseases, including FM and depression.Objectives:The aims of this study were to investigate gender-related difference among males and females affected by FM in clinical manifestations, depressive features and BDNF serum level, evaluating also the diagnostic potential of the latter.Methods:We consecutively enrolled adult patients affected by FM (ACR 2016) referring to our out-patient clinic. Each subject underwent clinical and answered to questionnaires for the severity of FM symptoms (Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, R-FIQ) and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II). We collected blood samples from a subgroup of patients of both sexes, matched for age, for BDNF serum level dosage through ELISA. BDNF levels were assessed also in a control group, matched for sex and age.Results:The cohort was composed by 201 FM patients (172 F, 29 M), mean age 49.13. Females showed higher values of R-FIQ total score (p=0,0005) as well the specific items of the R-FIQ for pain (p=0,013), fatigue (p=0,014), memory problems (p=0,007), tenderness to touch (p<0,0001), balance problems (p<0,0001) and sensitivity to environmental stimuli (p=0,012) when compared with males (fig. 1). There was no difference in BDI-II between males and females, but notably male patients reported a significantly higher frequency of coexisting depressive disorder (p=0,038) (fig. 2). Serum BDNF levels were evaluated in 40 FM patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) (F:M 1:1). BDNF levels were significantly lower in FM patients compared with HC (p<0,0001). Among FM patients, BDNF levels were lower in males compared with females (p<0,0001) (fig.3). BDNF did not correlate with any clinical and clinimetric parameter. BDNF showed a good diagnostic performance (AUC=0,89, CI95%=0,82-0,9630, p<0,0001) (fig. 4). At a cut-off value <6,47 ng/dl, BDNF showed a specificity of 75% and a sensibility of 92,31%,(CI 95%=79,68-97.35) for FM identification (LR=3,692).Conclusion:FM clinical manifestations are strongly dependant from gender. While females present a more severe disease and a higher burden of symptoms, mood disorders tend to be a major characteristic of males with FM. Reduced BDNF serum levels have been reported as typical of depressive disorders. Our findings of lower BDNF levels in male FM patients compared to females support this hypothesis. BDNF have potential as biomarker of the disease and should be validated in larger cohorts.References:[1]Sarzi-Puttini et al. Nature Reviews 2020[2]Colucci-D’Amato et al. Int J Molecular Sciences 2020[3]Nugraha et al. Rheumatol Int 2012[4]Schmitt et al. Ann Med 2016[5]Melchior et al. Neuroscience 2016[6]Stefani et al. Neuroscience Letters 2012Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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