scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARANTINA KESEHATAN DENGAN WABAH PENYAKIT MENURUT PENAFSIRAN ULAMA DALAM Q.S. 2: 243

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Raisa Zuhra Salsabila Awaluddin ◽  
Ahmad Murtaza MZ
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The Relationship

The plague that afflicts humans is terrible and very vicious. Few people who are affected as carriers and who are affected by the outbreak quarantine themselves during the outbreak of the disease. In this regard, Allah has explained in the Qur'an regarding it. The scholars of interpretation in understanding the relationship between quarantine and epidemics can be studied to describe the view of commentators in understanding the relationship between quarantine and disease outbreaks, as well as the relevance of the relationship between quarantine and epidemics in the Qur'an and science to gain a strong understanding in the Qur'an. and science. The relationship between health quarantine and disease outbreaks can be seen in 2 ways: first, through an interpretation which tells about quarantine and epidemics that can become ibrah, and second, through Asbab an-Nuzul Verse in which there is iradah kawniyah which can be understood by Allah commanding us. to self-quarantine. The relevance of the interpretation of the quarantine relationship and the epidemic can be viewed from the purpose of quarantine and quarantine techniques and quarantine history, after observing and spreading the disease, quarantine can be carried out with several types of quarantine.

Fear, history, stigma, and bias in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Kevin Kupietz, PhD ◽  
Lesley Gray, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The greatest enemy of a global pandemic is not the virus itself, but the fear, rumor, and stigma that envelopes people. This article explores the context and history of fear and stigma relating to pandemic, summarizing key actions to mitigate the harms during an active pandemic.Method: Our article draws from accounts in literature and journalist accounts documenting the relationship between infectious diseases and major disease outbreaks that have garnered fear and stigmatization. Results: Fear, stigma, and discrimination are not new concepts for pandemics. These social effects run the risk of diverting attention from the presenting disease and government responses. Reactions to fear, stigma, and discrimination risk sabotaging effective efforts to contain, manage, and eradicate the disease.Conclusion: Emergency managers have an important role in dispelling myths, disseminating appropriate and evidence-based information without exacerbating fears. Knowledge about the roots of fear and bias along with a good understanding of historical plagues and pandemics is vital to ensure those in the field of emergency management can effectively manage irrational fears.

scholarly journals Recent and Future Advances in the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Glycans for Bacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Ayobami Adegbite ◽  
Pumtiwitt C. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Oligosaccharide Chain ◽  
Glycoconjugate Vaccines ◽  
Glycoconjugate Vaccine ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Vaccines are important in preventing disease outbreaks and controlling the spread of disease in a population. A variety of vaccines exist, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been an important tool to fight against diseases caused by a number of bacteria. Glycoconjugate vaccines are often heterogeneous. Vaccines of the future are becoming more rationally designed to have a defined oligosaccharide chain length and position of conjugation. Homogenous vaccines could play an important role in assessing the relationship between vaccine structure and immune response. This review focuses on recent advances in the chemoenzymatic production of defined bacterial oligosaccharides for vaccine development with a focus on Neisseria meningitidis and selected WHO-prioritized antibacterial resistant-pathogens. We also provide some perspective on future advances in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of well-defined oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Flooding and Arboviral Disease: Predicting Ross River Virus Disease Outbreaks Across Inland Regions of South-Eastern Australia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A Tall ◽  
Michelle L Gatton
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Arboviral Disease ◽  
South Eastern Australia

AbstractFlood frequency is expected to increase across the globe with climate change. Understanding the relationship between flooding and arboviral disease can reduce disease risk and associated costs. South-eastern Australia is dominated by the flood-prone Murray-Darling River system where the incidence of Australia’s most common arboviral disease, Ross River virus (RRV), is high. This study aimed to determine the relationship between riverine flooding and RRV disease outbreaks in inland south-eastern Australia, specifically New South Wales (NSW). Each study month from 1991 to 2013, for each of 37 local government areas (LGAs) was assigned ‘outbreak/non-outbreak’ status based on long-term trimmed-average age-standardized RRV notification rates and ‘flood/non-flood’ status based on riverine overflow. LGAs were grouped into eight climate zones with the relationship between flood and RRV outbreak modeled using generalized estimating equations. Modeling adjusted for rainfall in the previous 1–3 mo. Spring–summer flooding increased the odds of summer RRV outbreaks in three climate zones before and after adjusting for rainfall 1, 2, and 3 mo prior to the outbreak. Flooding at any time of the year was not predictive of RRV outbreaks in the remaining five climate zones. Predicting RRV disease outbreaks with flood events can assist with more targeted mosquito spraying programs, thereby reducing disease transmission and mosquito resistance.

scholarly journals Relationship between Flooding and Out Break of Infectious Diseasesin Kenya: A Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick Okoth Okaka ◽  
Beneah D. O. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Relationship

Flooding can potentially increase the spread of infectious diseases. To enhance good understanding of the health consequences of flooding and facilitate planning for mitigation strategies, deeper consideration of the relationship between flooding and out-break of infectious diseases is required. This paper examines the relationship between occurrence of floods in Kenya and outbreak of infectious diseases and possible interventions. This review intended to build up the quality and comprehensiveness of evidence on infectious diseases arising after flooding incidence in Kenya. An extensive literature review was conducted in 2017, and published literature from 2000 to 2017 was retrieved. This review suggests that infectious disease outbreaks such as waterborne, rodent-borne, and vector-borne diseases have been associated with flooding in Kenya. But there is need for more good quality epidemiological data to cement the evidence. Comprehensive surveillance and risk assessment, early warning systems, emergency planning, and well-coordinated collaborations are essential in reducing future vulnerability to infectious diseases following flooding.

scholarly journals A practical generation interval-based approach to inferring the strength of epidemics from their speed

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Woo Park ◽  
David Champredon ◽  
Joshua S. Weitz ◽  
Jonathan Dushoff
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Exact Shape ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interval Distribution

AbstractInfectious-disease outbreaks are often characterized by the reproductive number and 𝓡 exponential rate of growth r. 𝓡 provides information about out-break control and predicted final size. Directly estimating 𝓡 is difficult, while r can often be estimated from incidence data. These quantities are linked by the generation interval – the time between when an individual is infected by an infector, and when that infector was infected. It is often infeasible to ob-tain the exact shape of a generation-interval distribution, and to understand how this shape affects estimates of 𝓡. We show that estimating generation interval mean and variance provides insight into the relationship between and 𝓡 r. We use examples based on Ebola, rabies and measles to explore approximations based on gamma-distributed generation intervals, and find that use of these simple approximations are often sufficient to capture the r–𝓡 relationship and provide robust estimates of 𝓡.

scholarly journals O IMPACTO DAS FAKE NEWS NA VACINAÇÃO E NOS SURTOS DE DOENÇAS ERRADICADAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Único) ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Davi Azevedo Ferreira ◽  
Alison Pontes da Silva ◽  
Camila de Albuquerque Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Final Amount ◽  
Growing Population

Introdução: As fakes News (FN) alcançaram um amplo destaque nas notícias, influenciando intensamente a vida, transformando modos de pensar. Um dos exemplos de mudança é acerca das atitudes perante a vacinação, verificado pelo aumento ou retorno das doenças, algumas já erradicadas em nosso país. Objetivo: Constatar o impacto das FN na vacinação e os surtos de doenças, destacando as erradicadas na população. Método: Foi feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bibliotecas: scielo, pubMed e lilacs, de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2011 a 2020, nos idiomas português e inglês, usando os descritores: doenças, surto de doenças (SD), vacinação e mídias sociais (MS). Após combinação dos descritores, foram incluídos ou excluídos do quantitativo final a partir da leitura dos títulos. Posteriormente, à análise dos resumos que contemplavam a relação das FN com vacinação, diminuição da vacinação na população, surtos de doenças e vacinação, compuseram a amostra final. Resultados e discussão: Dos 514 resultados, foi selecionado 50 estudos, e com a análise dos resumos excluídos 25, sendo selecionados para o estudo, 25 artigos. A maior quantidade de artigos encontrados foi no Pubmed, e com a temática vacinação e doenças erradicadas (8). Evidenciou- se grande variedade das temáticas abordadas pelos descritores escolhidos, como artigos que contemplavam a vacinação, bem como suas doenças erradicadas e como as FN podem interferir para prejudicar a vacinação. Conclusão: Apesar das vacinas protegerem boa parte da sociedade, é preocupante a crescente população que está comprometendo a cobertura vacinal e a saúde coletiva ao depositar incredibilidade em FN. Palavras chave: Antivacinação, Comunicação, Doenças Contagiosas, Mídias Sociais, Vacinas. ABSTRACT: Introduction: Fakes News (FN) reached a wide prominence in the news, influencing life intensely, transforming ways of thinking. One example of change is about attitudes towards vaccination, verified by the increase or return of diseases, some of which have already been eradicated in our country. Objective: To verify the impact of NFs on vaccination and disease outbreaks, highlighting those eradicated in the population. Method: A systematic literature review was carried out in the libraries: scielo, pubMed and lilacs, of articles published between the years 2011 to 2020, in Portuguese and English, using the descriptors: diseases, disease outbreak (DS), vaccination and social media (MS). After combining the descriptors, they were included or excluded in the final amount from the reading of the titles. Subsequently, the analysis of the abstracts that contemplated the relationship between FN and vaccination, decreased vaccination in the population, disease outbreaks and vaccination, comprised the final sample. Results and discussion: Of the 514 results, 50 studies were selected, and with the analysis of the excluded abstracts 25, 25 articles were selected for the study. The largest number of articles found was in Pubmed, and with the theme of vaccination and eradicated diseases (8). A great variety of the themes addressed by the chosen descriptors was evidenced, such as articles that contemplated vaccination, as well as their eradicated diseases and how NFs can interfere to harm vaccination. Conclusion: Although vaccines protect a good part of society, it is worrying the growing population that is compromising vaccination coverage and public health by depositing incredulity in FN. Keywords: Anti-vaccination, Communication, Contagious Diseases, Social Media, Vaccines.

scholarly journals KEBERTAHANAN TARI REJANG SUTRI DI DESA BATUAN KECAMATAN SUKAWATI KABUPATEN GIANYAR (Perspektif Sat Cit Ananda)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
I Made Sukariawan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
The People ◽  
Education Theory ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Religious Theory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rejang Sutri dance is different from other Rejang dances. The Rejang Sutri dance in Batuan Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency has uniqueness that does not exist in other villages, this dance is specially performed at the beginning of the Sasih Kelima to the end of Sasih Kesanga at Pengrupukan and danced by women who live in environment of Batuan Village, Sukawati Gianyar. The dancers have no age limit, have links to Hinduism and are the cultural identity of Batuan Village. In addition, the Rejang Sutri dance is a form of community appreciation of one of the manifestations of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa / God. Traditionally, the Rejang Sutri dance has survived to this day. This research is entitled: Resilience of Rejang Sutri Dance in Batuan Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency (Sat, Cit, Ananda Perspective). The problems studied namely Why is the Rejang Sutri Dance in Batuan Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency still surviving, Who contributed to maintaining Rejang Sutri Dance in Batuan Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency, How do you maintain Rejang Sutri Dance in Batuan Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. The above problems will be examined using several theories. The theories used are religious theory, structural functional theory, and constructive education theory. In addition, in obtaining and analyzing data, several methods are used, namely the method of observation, interviews and document study. This type of research is qualitative and described by descriptive methods, in order to obtain a comprehensive conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion of the results of the research, it can be concluded as follows: (1) The persistence of the Rejang Sutri dance in Batuan Village is inseparable from the beliefs of the people of Batuan Village and making the Rejang Sutri dance 34 Vol. 11 No. 1 Maret 2021 as Sradha Bhakti for the people of Batuan Village where the relationship of belief in God is true truth or Sat or Satyam which is manifested in the form of sacred offerings, namely the Rejang Sutri dance, the people of Batuan Village believe that by making art an offering and its yadnya to get closer to God (Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa). In accordance with the basis of Hindu religious beliefs known as Srada which consists of five parts, namely Panca Srada. One of these srada which is closely related is the first srada, namely believing in the existence of Brahman. The people of Batuan Village believe that the performance of the Rejang Sutri dance is a means of offering that can reject reinforcements or ward off disease outbreaks. So that the Rejang Sutri dance still survives because it embraces Sat or Satyam which means true truth. (2) Contributing to the survival of the Rejang Sutri dance in Batuan Village is Prajuru Desa Adat Batuan as a supporter of the Rejang Sutri dance, which in an effort to preserve the Rejang Sutri dance has been contained in the Awig-awig of Batuan Traditional Village and has become an agreement with all Krama Batuan Traditional Village and its members. the community as supporters of the Rejang Sutri dance in its sustainability. Because the Rejang Sutri dance is a cultural heritage of sacred arts in Batuan Village. So with the performance of the Rejang Sutri dance in Batuan Village, the people of Batuan Village have supported the sustainability of the Rejang Sutri dance as a sacred and sacred offering that places Siwam or Cit which means purity, honesty, honesty as very important things and cannot be separated from Satyam or Sat who meaning true truth as well as related to Sundaram or Ananda which means beauty, happiness which the people of Batuan Village manifest in the Rejang Sutri dance performance. (3) The way to maintain the Rejang Sutri dance in Batuan Village is by means of inheritance from generation to generation because the Rejang Sutri dance contains aspects of repelling reinforcements, aspects of ritual / ceremony, and aspects of beauty related to movement, composition, costumes, arenas and aspects of happiness in survival. Rejang Sutri dance where the people of Batuan Village still maintain the Rejang Sutri dance because it is closely related to aspects of Satyam or Sat (truth), Siwam or Cit (holiness) and Sundaram or Ananda (beauty / happiness). Because in sacred offerings towards the truth a happiness is achieved from the people of Batuan Village, so that they live in safety, prosperity and peace.

scholarly journals Coalescent models for populations with time-varying population sizes and arbitrary offspring distributions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Fraser ◽  
Lucy M Li
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Offspring Distribution ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Original Derivation ◽  
Large Population Limit

AbstractThe coalescent has been used to infer from gene genealogies the population dynamics of biological systems, such as the prevalence of an infectious disease. The offspring distribution affects the relationship between population dynamics and the genealogy, and for infectious diseases, the offspring distribution is often highly overdispersed. Here, we provide a general formula for the coalescent rate for populations with time-varying sizes and any offspring distribution. The formula is valid in the same large population limit as Kingman’s original derivation. By relating our derivation to existing formulations of the coalescent, we show that differences in the coalescent rate derived for many population models may be explained by differences in the offspring distribution. The coalescent derivations presented here could be used to quantify the overdispersion in the offspring distribution of infectious diseases, which is useful for accurate modelling disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Towards Environmental Sustainability in Marine Finfish Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Brais Carballeira Braña ◽  
Kristine Cerbule ◽  
Paula Senff ◽  
Insa Kristina Stolz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Coastal Space ◽  
Ecological Concern ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Finfish Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food production sectors and has great potential for food security and livelihoods. However, it generates concerning consequences for the environment, including chemical and biological pollution, disease outbreaks, unsustainable feeds and competition for coastal space. Recent investigations are focusing on sustainable techniques (e.g., polyculture, offshore facilities) to improve the relationship between the industry, environment and society. This review provides an overview of the main factors of ecological concern within marine finfish aquaculture, their interactions with the environment, and highlights sustainable alternatives that are currently in use or development. Adequate environmental monitoring and location of farms, the reduction and exploitation of wastes and chemicals being used is crucial to ensure the growth and continuity of aquaculture production.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Environmental Characteristics and Risk Management Practices on Produce Farms: A Systematic Literature Review

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Dilhani Nisansala Jayawardhana ◽  
Loan Thi Thanh Cao ◽  
Thomas A. Yeargin ◽  
Kristen E. Gibson ◽  
Angela M. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Environmental Characteristic ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
The Relationship

Produce-associated foodborne disease outbreaks have increased worldwide highlighting the importance of proper implementation of risk management practices (RMP). We determined the relationship between environmental characteristics (i.e., physical resources) of produce farms and implementation of RMP. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses principles, we identified 36 studies to include in our analysis. Most study data were collected through surveys administered to growers in developed countries. Quality assessment results showed that studies on this topic should be more rigorously conducted (e.g., powering sample sizes and training data collectors) to yield better quality evidence. Agricultural waters were the most common environmental characteristic assessed, with many farms using unsafe water sources. Hygiene aids (e.g., accessible handwashing facilities), were lacking across many farms. Animal intrusion RMP were the least commonly assessed environmental characteristic. Only one study tested the relationship between on-farm environmental characteristics and RMP implementation reporting a positive relationship between accessible handwashing and worker hygiene practices. Grower knowledge and perception of RMP combined with cost and ease in carrying out RMP might influence the availability of physical resources for proper RMP implementation. These results can inform practical interventions aimed to increase adoption of RMP on produce farms.

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