Fear, history, stigma, and bias in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Kevin Kupietz, PhD ◽  
Lesley Gray, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The greatest enemy of a global pandemic is not the virus itself, but the fear, rumor, and stigma that envelopes people. This article explores the context and history of fear and stigma relating to pandemic, summarizing key actions to mitigate the harms during an active pandemic.Method: Our article draws from accounts in literature and journalist accounts documenting the relationship between infectious diseases and major disease outbreaks that have garnered fear and stigmatization. Results: Fear, stigma, and discrimination are not new concepts for pandemics. These social effects run the risk of diverting attention from the presenting disease and government responses. Reactions to fear, stigma, and discrimination risk sabotaging effective efforts to contain, manage, and eradicate the disease.Conclusion: Emergency managers have an important role in dispelling myths, disseminating appropriate and evidence-based information without exacerbating fears. Knowledge about the roots of fear and bias along with a good understanding of historical plagues and pandemics is vital to ensure those in the field of emergency management can effectively manage irrational fears.

Conservation districts and emergency management: New partners for tight fiscal times

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Jason Weinerman, MPA
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
State Budgets ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emergency Management Planning

Declining state budgets and pressure on the federal budget are likely to leave local emergency management efforts in a precarious position. During these challenging times, all government agencies will need to reach out and establish new partnerships to accomplish their missions. Emergency management situations, such as blizzards, fire, floods, and drought, are likely to originate in rural areas, and finding a partner who has a good working relationship with rural landowners is critical. Conservation districts are special- purpose government units that have a long history of working with rural landowners and getting active management installed on the ground. In addition, conservation districts have existing partnerships with other state and federal agencies, which can bring additional financial resources into the emergency management arena in a multipurpose framework. Although conservation districts are unlikely to be able to work in preparation and response planning, they can provide valuable assistance in mitigation and recovery operations. By including these special-purpose units of government in the emergency management planning and implementation efforts, emergency managers can extend their reach while not having to add additional resources.

Storytelling—Plots of resilience, learning, and discovery in emergency management

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
Bob Freitag, CFM ◽  
Thad Hicks, PhD, CEM, MEP ◽  
Alessandra Jerolleman, PhD, MPA, CFM ◽  
Wendy Walsh, MA
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Kurt Vonnegut ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
History Of

Almost everyone can relate to the experience of telling a story. This article explores how storytelling is being used to identify risks and create hazard mitigation strategies, as well as how it can promote learning within the field of emergency management. Storytelling is both a pedagogical tool and an invaluable resource for practicing emergency managers. This article illustrates the ways in which the process of telling a story enables participates to talk about stressful concerns, internalize complex concepts, and even have fun. The article explores how storytelling drove the public process leading to the adoption of hazard mitigation plans, and how eight types of stories, as defined by the American humorist Kurt Vonnegut, can strengthen emergency management education. This article also explores how research suggests that storytelling can provide an effective way for both the tellers of story and their listeners to find meaning in events, provide context to what is being taught, transmit emotion along with information, develop a professional identity, build empathy and compassion, and help with remembering events and lessons learned. The authors have a long history of utilizing storytelling and present this article in order to share and explore storytelling as applied to the discipline of emergency management.

Sex and Truth: Foucault's History of Sexuality as History of Truth

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Tamm
Keyword(s):  
History Of Sexuality ◽  
The Core ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
The Way

The question of truth stands at the core of Foucault's philosophy. He was interested in how different pieces of knowledge had attained truth status over the course of history, how power had legitimated itself through truth, how people had shaped themselves via producing truth. The multivolume History of Sexuality, conceived in the 1970s, was originally intended as a study of the relationship between sex and truth. This project that spread over almost ten years constituted Foucault's main laboratory of the history of truth, where he could test new concepts, ideas, and materials. The project went through a very important transformation in time: while in 1970s, Foucault was primarily interested in the relations between truth, sex and power, in the 1980s he mainly studies the relations between truth, sex and the subject. Looking back at the evolution of his thought in the second volume of his History of Sexuality, Foucault admits to realising that all of his work has in fact been dealing with the history of truth: “I seem to have gained a better perspective on the way I worked – gropingly, and by means of different or successive fragments – on this project, whose goal is a history of truth.”

The Historiography of Science and Technology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour Mauskopf ◽  
Alex Roland
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Big Science ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
Historiography Of Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter links the history of science with the related but less well-studied history of technology. Science and technology have evolved so rapidly in the last sixty years that historians must constantly revise their definitions of these fields and their understanding of their historical dynamics. The relationship between science and technology seemed to change, from a linear model of technology as applied science, to a more complex and interactive model often labelled ‘technoscience’. As historians of science and technology experienced the transformation of modern technoscience, they had to develop new concepts, methodologies, and theories to explain what they were witnessing. Moreover, they had to think about unprecedented topics, such as ‘big science’, particle physics, nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and photonics. Their attempts to understand the rapidly evolving worlds of science and technology going on about them suggested new ways of thinking about previous historical eras.

Urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek P. Ghoneim ◽  
Pierre Colin ◽  
Morgan Rouprêt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Tumour Location ◽  
History Of ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Lower Urinary

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) are scarce and account for only 5-10% of urothelial carcinomas. The estimated annual incidence in western countries is approximately two new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The natural history of UTUCs differs from that of bladder cancer; 60% of UTUCs are invasive at diagnosis compared to only 15% of bladder tumours. Apart from these epidemiological considerations, one could consider urothelial carcinomas as a whole and underline that the distinction between tumours of the upper and of the lower urinary tracts should be anatomically based (i.e. upper urinary tract vs. lower urinary tract). It is now obvious that strong differences exist regarding tumour location and behaviour between the upper and lower urinary tracts. The field of evidence-based medicine has grown largely in recent years for UTUCs, demonstrating that new insights, new concepts, new clinical and basic research, and new therapeutic findings are becoming readily available.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC, PRACTICAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Briko
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Relationship

This article defines clinical epidemiology and describes its goal and objectives. The author claims that clinical epidemiology is a section of epidemiology which underlies the development of evidence-based standards for diagnostics, treatment and prevention and helps to select the appropriate algorithm for each clinical case. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. Epidemiological research is shown to be methodological basis of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine with randomized controlled trials being the “gold standard” for obtaining reliable data. The key stages in the history of clinical epidemiology are discussed and further development of clinical epidemiology and the integration of courses on clinical epidemiology in education is outlined for progress in medical research and health care practice. 

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Comparative Analysis: The State of Colorado Study, Part II

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Kathryn Mueller ◽  
Douglas Van Zet ◽  
Debra J. Northrup ◽  
Edward B. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Physician Judgment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Causation Analysis ◽  
Work Interference

Abstract [Continued from the January/February 2004 issue of The Guides Newsletter.] To understand discrepancies in reviewers’ ratings of impairments based on different editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), users can usefully study the history of the revisions as successive editions attempted to provide a comprehensive, valid, reliable, unbiased, and evidence-based system. Some shortcomings of earlier editions have been addressed in the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, but problems remain with each edition, largely because of the limited scientific evidence available. In the context of the history of the different editions of the AMA Guides and their development, the authors discuss and contextualize a number of key terms and principles including the following: definitions of impairment and normal; activities of daily living; maximum medical improvement; impairment percentages; conversion of regional impairments; combining impairments; pain and other subjective complaints; physician judgment; and causation analysis; finally, the authors note that impairment is not synonymous with disability or work interference. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, contrasts impairment evaluations and independent medical evaluations (this was not done in previous editions) and discusses impairment evaluations, rules for evaluations, and report standards. Upper extremity and lower extremity impairment evaluations are discussed in terms of clinical assessments and rating processes, analyzing important changes between editions and problematic areas (eg, complex regional pain syndrome).

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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