Phytochemical Screening and HPTLC study of Padina tetrastromatica (Hauck)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
Subhash R Yende ◽  
Sumit K Arora ◽  
Vipinchandra B Pande ◽  
Keshav S Moharir ◽  
Abhay M Ittadwar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Padina Tetrastromatica ◽  
Rf Values

The marine ecology is diverse with innumerable types of natural substances, both of plant and animal origin. Padina tetrastromatica (PT) (Hauck) is a brown algae belonging to the order Dictyotales, found in coastal region. The objective of present investigation was to evaluate phytochemical profile of extracts of PT. The air dried plant material was defatted and extracted successively with solvents of increasing polarity. Incumbent study was performed with standard qualitative phytochemical tests and HPTLC fingerprint analysis using CAMAG HPTLC system. The results showed the presence of phytoconstituents like sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and carbohydrates. Furthermore, components present in extracts were resolved in best possible solvent system by HPTLC. The chloroform extract of PT displayed eight peaks, in which those with Rf values 0.28 and 0.72 were more predominant. Whereas ethanol extract of PT exhibited nine peaks, in which maximum Rf value was found to be 0.82. In conclusion, the data of this study provide useful guide and suitability for investigation of biological activity of the plant according to the phytochemical groups observed. However, further work is needed to standardize the above chemical constituents in comparison with biomarker and this result can also be measured along with the other data for setting up the standards to this plant.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in medicinal plant coleus aromaticus extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Kumar N. ◽  
Aliya Nusrath ◽  
Dinesha Ramadas
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Protein Extract ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Coleus Aromaticus

Background: Indian medicinal plants have great potential towards curing many diseases. Medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus is known for its wide medical applications. The main objectives of the study undertaken were to analyze the phytochemicals and compare the concentration present in the dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract with various solvents.Methods: Various extracts of the medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus leaves such as dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein, hydro alcoholic extract, ethanol extract and chloroform extract were prepared and analyzed for various phytochemical concentrations such as Total phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method), Flavonoids (Aluminum chloride method), total sugars (Dubois method) and Proteins (Bradford’s method). Standard graph for each component was plotted.Results: The protein concentration in dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract is considerably higher (5.8μg/10μl) than hydro alcoholic extract (1.6μg/10μl), ethanol extract (5.2μg/10μl) and chloroform extract (2.8μg/10μl). The other phytochemicals like total phenol, flavonoids and total sugars were low in concentration in the dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract compared to hydro alcoholic extract, ethanol extract and chloroform extract.Conclusions: In this study, the protein concentration in dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract is considerably higher than the same in other solvent extracts. This is the basis for further studies to unfold the antioxidant activity of Coleus aromaticus protein in vitro.

scholarly journals Isolation of Lasiodiplodin and Evaluation of some Biological Activities of the Stem Barks of Phyllanthus Albizzioides (Kurz) Hook.f.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khine Zar Wynn Lae ◽  
Su Swe Su ◽  
Nwet Nwet Win ◽  
Ni Ni Than ◽  
Hla Ngwe
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Relative Structure

A large number of the plants are claimed to possess the antibiotic properties in the traditional system and are also used extensively by the tribal people throughout the world. It is now mostly thought that nature has given the cure of every disease in one form or another. Plants have been known to cure people from various diseases in Ayurveda. This research focused on the screening of phytochemicals and some biological activities of Phyllanthus albizzioides. The research showed that the ethanol extracts were found to be greater chemical constituents than watery extracts. Among the chemical constituents, steroid compounds were observed in highest amount in ethanol extract and the second highest in flavonoid compounds followed by tannin compounds and pheolic compounds. Furthermore, the ethanol extracts were more effective than the watery extracts in all tested biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antitumor and NO inhibition activities. A cyclohexanone compound was isolated from the chloroform extract of the stem bark of P. albizzioides. The relative structure was determined to be 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-cyclohex-2-enone on the basic of HRESIMS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR experiments.

scholarly journals Chemical constituents of ethanol extract of leaves and molluscicidal activity of crude extracts from vitex trifolia linn.

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeet S. Jangwan ◽  
Rita P. Aquino ◽  
Teresa Mencherini ◽  
Patrizia Picerno ◽  
Raghubir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Biomphalaria Alexandrina ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
First Time

Abstract β-sitosterol and two triterpenoids: ursolic acid acetate and platanic acid have been isolated from ethanolic extract of Vitex trifola leaves. β-sitosterol was previously isolated from the leaves, stem and seeds of Vitex trifolia. Ursolic acid acetate has been isolated for the first time in this plant species. Platanic acid has been reported for the first time in Vitex trifolia and even in the family of this plant: Verbenaceae. These compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods including 1D-1HNMR, 13CNMR, ESIMS and 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY) experiments and confirmed by comparison of their NMR data with those from the literature. A preliminary molluscicidal test for ethanol, chloroform and n-hexane extracts of leaves of Vitex trifolia against Biomphalaria alexandrina adult snails showed that ethanol extract of leaves with LC50 value 26.42 mg/l (27.92 mg/l - 24.99 mg/l) was more effective than n-hexane extract with LC50 value 35.48 mg/l (43.81 mg/l - 28.72mg/l) and chloroform extract with LC50 value 46.77 mg/l (53.59 mg/l - 43.81 mg/l) after 24 h exposure.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PARTS EXTRACT IN DIFFERENT SOLVENT SYSTEM OF A WASTE WEED - CALOTROPIS PROCERA.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Dattatreya Kar ◽  
Pratap Keshari Pattanaik ◽  
Bibhudutta Pattnaik ◽  
Ananya Kuanar
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds

 Objective: In the current study, we have focused on the major secondary metabolite containing parts such as flower, leaf, and root for phytochemical extraction with three different solvent systems to make a comparative study against three virulent bacteria species which are capable of intestinal infection, pneumonia, skin infections, and food poisoning.Methods: Antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol, and chloroform extracts from bark, leaves and roots of Calotropis procera, was examined against three virulent bacteria species: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis using disc diffusion method.Results: The ethanol extract of leaf showed significant activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition ranging from 14 to 20 mm for S. aureus. The ethanol extract of flower was effective against E. coli with maximum 18 mm. Ethanol extract of root showed significant activity against S. aureus. Methanol extract of leaves showed moderate activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition ranging from 14 to 20 mm. Methanol extract of root showed significant activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition ranging from 12 to 22 mm. Methanol extract of flowers showed activity against E. coli with a zone of inhibition ranging from 11 to 20 mm. The chloroform extract of leaves showed significant activity against S. aureus. Chloroform extract of flower showed activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 11 to 17 mm for S. aureus chloroform extract of root showed activity against E. coli with zone of inhibition ranging from 9 to 17 mm.Conclusion: From the above study, it can be concluded that the activity of the plant extract may be due to the secondary metabolites or broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds present in it.

scholarly journals HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FINGERPRINT PROFILE OF BAUHINIA TOMENTOSA LINN. LEAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Balabhaskar R ◽  
Vijayalakshmi K
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprint ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography

 Objective: Chromatographic fingerprint is an effective method for doing the fingerprinting of a plant species. In this study, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of Bauhinia tomentosa was done in n-hexane, chloroform, and ethanol extracts.Methods: The extract of leaves was developed using toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid:glacial acetic acid (7:3:0.1:0.1) for n-hexane, toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (6:2:0.5) for chloroform, and chloroform:methanol:formic acid (8:1.5:0.2) for ethanol extract as mobile phase using standard procedures and scanned under ultraviolet at 254 nm, 366 nm, and 520 nm.Results: The HPTLC fingerprinting results showed several peaks with different Rf values. The HPTLC fingerprinting of n-hexane extract at 266 nm showed 15 peaks. The HPTLC fingerprinting of chloroform extract at 520 nm showed 22 peaks. The HPTLC fingerprinting of the ethanol extract at 366 nm showed 13 peaks.Conclusion: These fingerprinting results will be helpful in the identification and authentication of the species and also to identify new bioactive components in this medicinal plant.

OPTIMIZATION OF THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS FOR SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN THEIR MIXTURE

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Daiva Kazlauskienė ◽  
Guoda Kiliuvienė ◽  
Palma Nenortienė ◽  
Giedrė Kasparavičienė ◽  
Ieva Matukaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Paroxetine Hydrochloride ◽  
Fluvoxamine Maleate ◽  
Layer Chromatography

By conducting the toxicological analysis it is meaningful to determine the analytical system that could identify simultaneously several medicinal preparations quickly and precisely. The purpose of this work was to create and validate the method of thin-layer chromatography that would be suitable to separate the components of antidepressant mixture (amitriptyline hydrochloride, paroxetine hydrochloride, sertraline hydrochloride, fluvoxamine maleate and buspirone hydrochloride) and to identify them. The system was validated with regard to the sensitivity, repetition of data, resistance and particularity. The solvent systems with potential of high separation of components in their mixture were created: acetonitrile, methanol, ammonia solution 25 percent (85:10:5); acetonitrile, methanol, ammonia solution 25 percent (75:20:5); dichlormethane, 1,4-dioxane, ammonia solution 25 percent (50:45:5); dichlormethane, 1,4-dioxane, ammonia solution 25 percent (42:55:3); trichlormethane, 1,4-dioxane, ammonia solution 25 percent (25:70:5); trichlormethane, 1,4-dioxane, ammonia solution 25 percent (60:36:4). One of the most suitable solvent systems for separation of the analyzed mixture (sertraline, amitriptyline, paroxetine, buspirone, fluvoxamine) was determined – acetonitrile, methanol, ammonia solution 25 percent (85:10:5). When this solvent system was used, the average Rf values of the analyzed compounds differed the most. Validation was conducted – the relative standard deviation (RSD, percent) of the average Rf value of the analyzed compounds varied from 0,6 to 1,8 percent and did not exceed the permissible error of 5 percent. The sensitivity of methodology was determined by assessing the intensity of the mixture’s spots on the chromatographic plate. The detection limit of buspirone was 0,0012 µg; sertraline – 0,0008 µg; amitriptyline – 0,0004 µg; fluvoxamine – 0,0004 µg; paroxetine – 0,0008 µg. The resistance of results to the changed conditions – it was determined that when the amounts of the solvents acetonitrile and methanol were increased or decreased to two milliliters, the average Rf values of the analyzed compounds did not change statistically significantly

The Valuable Impacts of Halophytic Genus Suaeda; Nutritional, Chemical, and Biological Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1044-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Natural Substances

Background: Suaeda is a halophytic genus belonging to the Amaranthaceae family and can survive in the high salted marsh areas of the world. Suaeda plants can biosynthesize natural substances with powerful antioxidant activity and are considered as a renewable source of energy, food, and edible oil for a larger number of populations living in the harsh environment with high salinity and drought conditions. These plants also meet folk and alternative medicines' needs. Methods: The review encompasses available scientific literature related to folk medicinal uses of Suaeda plants, their nutritional values, and chemical constituents. In addition, the biological trials applied for the Suaeda plants are also part of the review. The review covers the researches from major science literature search engines and other sites representing scientific literature, i.e., Scifinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google. The searches were programmed on the advance options available in the search engines and are latest up to November 2019. The searches were exhaustive and rechecked for accuracy. Conclusion: The study summarizes the uses of Suaeda plants as a remedy for various ailments due to their contents from the polyphenols and flavonoids. The comparatively large amounts of fixed oils, minerals, and vitamins in Suaeda plants have also made them potential renewable sources for foods.

Biochemical Composition, Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Indian Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Archana Pandita
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Agar Disc

Background: Medicinal plants have been used for treatments of various health ailments and the practices as a remedial back to thousands of years. Currently, plant-derived compounds used as alternative ways of treatment for multidrug-resistant pathogens. Objective: In the present study, various parts of six medical plants such as Solanum nigrum, Azadirachta indica, Vitex negundo, Mentha arvensis, Gloriosa superba, and Ocimum sanctum were extracted for obtaining biological active constituents. Methods: Soxhlet method of extraction was used for obtaining crude extracts. Agar disc diffusion and 96-well plate spectroscopic reading were used to detect the extract’s antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Results: The obtained extracts were tested for antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties at 25 mg/mL concentrations. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed in O. sanctum chloroform extract (TUCE) against Staphylococcus aureus (24.33±1.52 mm), S. nigrum acetone extract (MAAC) against Salmonella Typhimurium (12.6 ± 1.5 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.0 ±2.0 mm). Only TUCE exhibited antibacterial activity at least a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.781 mg/mL. Better antibiofilm activities were also exhibited by petroleum extracts of G. superba (KAPE) and S. nigrum (MAPE) against Escherichia coli, S. Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Moreover, S. nigrum acetone extract (MAAC) and O. sanctum chloroform extract (TUCE) were showed anti-swarming activity with a reduction of motility 56.3% against P. aeruginosa and 37.2% against S. aureus. MAAC also inhibits Las A activity (63.3% reduction) in P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Extracts of TUCE, MAAC, MAPE, and KAPE were exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. GCMS identified chemical constituents are responsible for being biologically active.

Evaluation of Snake Venom’s PhospholipaseA2 Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Cyphostemma adenocoule

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Atul Kaushik ◽  
Teamrat S. Tesfai ◽  
Daniel K. Barkh ◽  
Furtuna K. Ghebremeskel ◽  
Habtom G. Zerihun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background: A snake bite is fundamentally an injury often resulting in puncture wounds meted out by the animal's fangs and occasionally resulting in envenomation. Rate of snake bites around 5,400,000 bites per year leads to over 2,500,000 envenomings and around 125,000 fatal cases annually. Snake venom enzymes are rich in metalloproteinases, phospholipaseA2, proteinases, acetylcholinesterases and hyaluronidases. Objective: Cyphostemma adenocoule is traditionally being used for the treatment of snake bites in Eritrea. The present research was aimed at evaluating the snake venom enzyme inhibition activity of C. adenocoule against puff adder venom and developing a base for the traditional use of the plant against snakebites in Eritrea. Methods: The anti-venom activity of C. adenocoule was assessed in-vitro through phospholipaseA2 enzyme inhibition assay using egg yolk as a cell. The ethanol and chloroform extracts of C. adenocoule showed in vitro anti phospholipase A2 activity, whereas the water extracts of the plant showed no activity. Results: Among the extracts of C. adenocoule, the highest percentage of inhibition was obtained from chloroform extract (95.55% at 100mg/ml). The extract showed prominent activity at different concentrations (34.7% at10mg/ml, 48.8% at 20mg/ml, 54.8% at 40mg/ml, 60.9% at 60mg/ml, 80.5% at 80mg /ml). The ethanol extract also showed certain activity at various concentrations (25.22% at10mg/ml, 14.78% at 20mg/ml, 2.6% at40mg/ml). The activity of the chloroform extracts increases as concentration increases, whereas the activity of the ethanol extracts decreases as concentration increases. The aqueous extract of C. adenocoule did not show any activity at all concentrations. Conclusion: In this study, the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the plant inhibited the enzyme of interest and thus proved the efficacy of anti-snake venom activity of the plant.

Phytochemical evaluation of leaf extracts of Naringi crenulata (roxb.) Nicolson

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5110
Author(s):  
Sartaj Ahmad Allayie ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed Parray* ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
S. Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rf Values

The use of traditional medicines holds a great promise as an easily available source as effective medicinal agents to cure a wide range of ailments among the people particularly in tropical developing countries like India. The present study investigates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of N. crenulata leaf extracts. The extractive values of aqueous, acetone and chloroform extracts were found to be 11.34, 4.24 and 6.06 respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these three solvent extracts confirm the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds in all the three extracts; however, these phytochemicals were more significant in aqueous extract. Quantitative analysis was carried out using TLC method by different solvent system. Amongst various solvent systems, Butanol: acetic acid: water (9: 0.9: 0.1 v/v/v) shows maximum resolution and number of spots produced at long UV (365 nm) and under iodine vapours. The TLC chromatograms constituted different coloured phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. It can be conveniently used to evaluate the quality of different area samples. This indicates that the leaves can be useful for treating different diseases because the therapeutic activity of a plant is due to the presence of particular class of compounds and thus can serve as potential sources of useful drugs in future.

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