scholarly journals A Study of the Clinico-Haematological Profile and Therapeutic Management of Acute Babesiosis in A Cross-Bred Jersey Cow

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Chandran ◽  
Athulya P S
Keyword(s):  
Detection Methods ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The Government ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Babesia Spp

Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by protozoans of the genus Babesia. It causes haemolytic anaemia, fever, and occasionally hemoglobinuria, as well as death. A cross-bred jersey cow, aged 6 years, was brought to the Government Veterinary Hospital in Cheruthuruthy with symptoms of fever, anorexia, passing coffee-colored urine, and low milk yield. Babesia spp. is found in all the cows after blood smears were examined. Although their sensitivity and specificity are reduced, microscopy detection methods are still the cheapest and fastest methods for identifying Babesia parasites. Hb, PCV, and TEC levels were found to be lower in haematological studies. Hyperglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, BUN, AST, and hypoprotienemia were discovered in the blood. Haemoglobin, glucose, and bile pigments were found in the urine. The cow was successfully treated with diminazene aceturate (Berenil) at 2.5 mg/kg body weight in conjunction with supportive treatment.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES TOWARDS CATTLE BABESIOSIS – TICK–BORNE DISEASE

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
M. Staniec ◽  
K. Buczek ◽  
A. Milczak ◽  
Ł. Adaszek ◽  
S. Winiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Babesia Spp

Cattle babesiosis is a dangerous and economically important tick–borne disease caused by hemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. The vector of the disease are ticks from Ixodidae family. Symptoms of disease are fever, anorexia, lethargy, anemia, jaundice and hemoglobinuria.The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence of Babesia spp. in cattle in Lublin region. The PCR technique revealed the presence of 18S RNA Babesia spp. genetic material in the blood of 20 from 192 examined animals (10.4%). Our study showed that the bovine babesiosis occur in Poland with asymptomatic form and does not reduce milk production significantly. The diagnosis depends only on the basis of detection of the genetic material of parasite, and the direct microscopic examination of blood smears is not useful in the identification of Babesia spp. in erythrocytes.The comparison of PCR products showed low homology level between isolates with present study and other Babesia sequences obtained around the world.Moreover, the study showed the prevalence of piroplasms in ticks from Lublin region is low (0,63%). 

scholarly journals Molecular diagnosis of Hepatozoon canis in symptomatic dogs in the city of Goiania, Goiás, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439
Author(s):  
S.C. Duarte ◽  
J.A. Parente ◽  
O.J. Silveira Neto ◽  
V.S. Jayme ◽  
T.S.A. Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Hepatozoon Americanum ◽  
The City ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

ABSTRACT More than 300 species have been described in the genus Hepatozoon, occurring in different vertebrates. Among these, only Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum are seen in dogs. Different methods may be used for laboratory diagnosis. The most common of these is direct parasitological examination of parasite stages in blood smears. The aim of this investigation was to conduct a phylogenetic study on Hepatozoon isolates from symptomatic dogs in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 40 symptomatic dogs that had been referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás. Among these, only two samples were positive for Hepatozoon spp. using the direct parasitological method. These samples were then subjected to a DNA extraction process and amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA by means of PCR. Subsequently, the PCR products from each sample were purified and sequenced. The sequences obtained were then analyzed using the BLASTn algorithm, which identified both sequences of this study as Hepatozoon canis. By applying the Mega4 software, it was confirmed that these isolates of H. canis from dogs in Goiânia are similar to other reference isolates of the same species from other regions of Brazil and worldwide.

↵​Haemato-biochemical and Therapeutic Studies on Ovine Babesiosis in Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.U. Haq ◽  
N.A. Tufani ◽  
H.U. Malik ◽  
T.A. Najar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Imidocarb Dipropionate ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Therapeutic Study

Background: The clinical study was designed to evaluate the haemato-biochemical changes in sheep affected with babesiosis and therapeutic regimes of various drugs used against babesiosis. Methods: A total of 24 clinically affected sheep with 6 animals in each group were selected for the haemato-biochemical and therapeutic study. The diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations, microscopic examination of blood smears and molecular confirmation of Babesia by PCR technique. For therapeutic study Group I, II, III and IV were treated with imidocarb dipropionate, imidocarb dipropionate+oxytetracycline, diminazene aceturate and diminazene aceturate+oxytetracycline, respectively. Result: The clinical signs recorded were high fever, pale mucous membranes, presence of ticks, inappetence, coffee-coloured urine and diarrhoea. The vectors identified were Haemaphysalis ticks. Hb, PCV, TEC, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and blood glucose were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the diseased group as compared to healthy animals while TLC, globulin and iron levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher compared to the healthy control group. The study revealed that the combination of imidocarb dipropionate and oxytetracycline was highly effective for ovine babesiosis.

scholarly journals Clinical and Ultrasonographic Alterations in Canine Babesiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
H. K. Mehta ◽  
Mahima, . ◽  
RK Bagherwal ◽  
R Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Pale Mucous Membrane ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Canine babesiosis is a worldwide tick borne disease. Dogs with fever, in appetence and enlarged lymph nodes were screened for the presence of haemoprotozoan parasites during the one year period of study at T.V.C.C., C.V.Sc., Mhow (M.P. , India ). Based on the stained peripheral blood smears examination, dogs were found to be affected with babesiosis. Clinical examination of the dogs revealed ticks over the body, highest frequency (75.00%) of petechial/epistaxis followed by ticks (72.22%) on the body, recumbency (69.44%), dullness (66.66%), dehydration (63.88%), pale mucous membrane (50.00%) . Sonographic changes in dogs infected with babesiosis revealed hepatomegaly with architectural changes, hypo-echoic changes in the liver parenchyma in 7 dogs, splenomegaly with disturbed architecture and multiple lesions was observed in 9 dogs, cystitis in 5 dogs , distended gall bladder in 3 dogs and in 4 dogs Kidneys structures were not clear in image and no demarcation noticed between cortex and medulla.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi Infections in Horses in South Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh V. Mavadiya ◽  
Ramesh M. Patel ◽  
Sudhir A. Mehta ◽  
Arshi A. Vagh ◽  
Irshad H. Kalyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Smear ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Tick Vectors

Background: Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of horses caused by the intraerytrocytic protozoan parasites. The infected animals remain carriers of these blood parasites for long periods and spread the disease. The introduction of carrier animals into areas where competent tick vectors are prevalent can lead to an epizootic spread of the disease.Methods: Total 295 blood smears from diseased and healthy horses were examined and 295 serum samples were analyses by cELISA for the presence of antibodies against T. equi and B. caballi whereas 90 DNA samples from seropositive horses were screened by PCR for presence of parasite’s DNA. Result: In present study, 1.35% horses were found positive for T. equi by means of blood smear examination. Using c-ELISA, it was found that 03 (1.02%) horses had antibodies against B. caballi and 182 (61.69%) against T. equi, while none of the sample showed mixed reactions. Ninety (90) seropositivehorses screened for T. equi and B. caballi by PCR method, out of which, only Nine (09) horses werefound positive indicating an overall prevalence rate of T. equi was 10.00% by PCR. None ofthe horses found positive for B. caballi through blood smear examination and PCR method.

scholarly journals Assessment of the haematological profile after appendectomy using linear titanium stapler clips: An experimental study in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Amela Bajrić ◽  
Muhamed Katica ◽  
Aida Katica ◽  
Alisa Smajović ◽  
Mujo Sivić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Unfavourable Effect ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Appendiceal Stump ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: The technique of closing the appendiceal stump using linear titanium stapler clips is being used more and more frequently in laparoscopic surgery, despite the good practice in the use of resorbable single endoloop vicryl ligatures and/or the non-resorbable plastic hem-o-lok clips. No light has been shed on potential undesirable effects on the haemathological profile of the use of titanium stapler clips. This experimental study aimed at establishing any possible undesirable effect of linear titanium stapler clips and single resorbable vicryl endoloop ligatures on the blood cells in rats following appendectomy. Methods: A total of 70 adult rats were used, divided into a control group (n = 10), and two experimental groups (n = 30 + 30). The appendices were removed from the rats in the first experimental group using titanium stapler clips and in the second experimental group the appendiceal stump using resorbable endoloop vicryl ligatures was closed. In both experimental groups three sub-groups with ten animals each were formed, from which peripheral blood from a tail vein on days 7, 28 and 60 was removed postoperatively, in order to assess the usual haematological parameters. Stained blood smears were also analysed in order to establish any poikilocytotic erythrocytes present. Results: In the first experimental group, with the titanium stapler clips, more than 25 % neutrophils were found on day 7, which is a significantly different result (p < 0.05) to the control group. In the second experimental group, there were more neutrophils than in the titanium stapler clips group, especially on days 7 and 60 and the results of these two sub-groups differ statistically significantly, p < 0.05. Hypochromia was found in the endoloop vicryl ligatures group, as well as in the titanium stapler clips sub-group on day 28, due to lower haemoglobin values which were significantly different to the control group, p < 0.05. Moderate levels of annulocytes, spherocytes and stomatocytes were found in most experimental groups. Conclusion: The results of this study favour the use of linear titanium stapler clips over resorbable single endoloop vicryl ligatures, because a less unfavourable effect was established on the blood cells of the experimental rats with their use.

scholarly journals Detection of Babesia spp. in High Altitude Cattle in Ecuador, Possible Evidence of the Adaptation of Vectors and Diseases to New Climatic Conditions

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
María A. Chávez-Larrea ◽  
Cristina Cholota-Iza ◽  
Viviana Medina-Naranjo ◽  
Michelle Yugcha-Díaz ◽  
Jorge Ron-Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Babesia Spp

Background: Babesia species are intraerythrocytic protozoa, distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, causing anemic diseases in many animals, including cattle. This disease, called babesisosis, is transmitted from one animal to another through ticks (Tick Borne-Disease or TBD). On the other hand, Ecuador has a tropical climate that allows the development of the vector Rhipicephalus microplus, and therefore favors the transmission of Babesia spp. in cattle. Methods and principal findings: We determined the presence of Babesia spp. by PCR using 18s ribosomal gene as target (18s PCR) in 20 farms in the area of El Carmen (zone below 300 m above sea level) and 1 farm in Quito (2469 m.a.s.l.). In addition, we analyzed parameters such as age, sex, and packed cell volume (PCV) as explanatory variable associated with the disease. Results: The 18s PCR test showed that 18.94% (14.77% Babesia bovis and 4.17% Babesia bigemina) and 20.28% (14.69% B. bovis and 5.59% B. bigemina) of the cattle were positive for Babesia spp in farms sampled in El Carmen and in Quito, respectively. Age influenced the presence of animals positive for Babesia spp., but sex and PCV did not. The phylogenetic analysis of sequences showed 4 isolates of B. bovis and 3 isolates of B. bigemina in the 2 study zones, with similarities between 99.73 and 100% with other sequences. One B. bovis isolate was similar in the zone of El Carmen and Quito. Conclusion and significance: This work is the first molecular characterization of B. bigemina and B. bovis in Ecuador, and it is also the first evidence of Babesia spp. in cattle in the area of Quito at an altitude of 2469 m.a.s.l., being the highest altitude reported for animals with babesiosis and for the tick R. microplus. Climatic factors as well as mobility of tick-carrying animals without any control allow the presence of Babesiosis outbreaks in new geographical areas.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Thailand with emphasis on hematological and ultrasonographic changes

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kris Angkanaporn ◽  
Jidapha Sanguanwai ◽  
Taratip O. Baiyokvichit ◽  
Pichamon Vorrachotvarittorn ◽  
Montana Wongsompong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Background and Aim: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tropical endemic tick-borne disease that causes fatality or chronic infection involving many organs in dogs. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and hematological and ultrasonographic changes in the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and spleen following CME infection. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used 30,269 samples collected from dogs at the hematology section of the pathology unit of a university veterinary hospital and 35 samples collected from dogs at the diagnostic imaging unit. CME was determined using the buffy coat smear method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and odds ratios. Results: CCl4 The data revealed that the average yearly prevalence of CME was 1.32%. Risk factors contributing to CME infection were a tick on the body during physical examination, lack of ectoparasite control, and outdoor living. All 148 dogs with CME infection had low platelet counts. The percentages of CME-infected dogs with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and both enzymes above the normal range were 33.6%, 65.9%, and 29.8%, respectively. The rates for elevated serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and both compounds were 33.1%, 19.1%, and 17.3%, respectively. The most common ultrasonographic changes were liver abnormalities (hyperechogenicity or hypoechogenicity, hepatomegaly, and hypoechoic nodules), hyperechogenicity of the kidneys, and an enlarged spleen. These ultrasonographic changes were consistent with the hematology results, which showed a greater elevation of serum liver enzyme levels than renal enzymes. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic changes during CME infection and after treatment with doxycycline can help to monitor and identify persistent pathological changes in the target organs resulting from immune response to CME.

Babesiosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristyn E. Feldman ◽  
Joshua Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Babesia Spp

Babesiosis is a zoonotic, tick-transmitted infection caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia. Although over 100 Babesia spp. may infect a broad range of both domesticated and wild animals worldwide, only a handful have been observed to infect man. Human illness can range from an asymptomatic, subclinical infection to severe, fulminant disease resulting in death. Definitive laboratory diagnosis can be made by blood smears or serological evaluation by immunologic or molecular methods. The longstanding treatment regimen of choice for most Babesia spp. infections is oral quinine plus intravenous clindamycin.

scholarly journals Wildfire ignition probability in Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Depicker ◽  
Bernard De Baets ◽  
Jan Marcel Baetens
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
The Government

Abstract. In recent decades, large wildfires have inflicted considerable damage on valuable Natura 2000 regions in Belgium. Despite these events and the general perception that global change will exacerbate wildfire prevalence, this has not been studied yet in the Belgian context. Therefore, the national government initiated the national action plan on wildfires in order to evaluate the wildfire risk, on the one hand, and the materials, procedures, and training of fire services, on the other hand. This study focuses on the spatial distribution of the ignition probability, a component of the wildfire risk framework. In a first stage, we compile a historical wildfire database using (i) newspaper articles between 1994 and 2016 and (ii) a list of wildfire interventions between 2010 and 2013, provided by the government. In a second stage, we use a straightforward method relying on Bayes' rule and a limited number of covariates to calculate the ignition probability. It appears that most wildfire-prone areas in Belgium are located in heathland where military exercises are held. The provinces that have the largest relative areas with a high or very high wildfire risk are Limburg and Antwerp. Our study also revealed that most wildfire ignitions in Belgium are caused by humans (both arson and negligence) and that natural causes such as lightning are rather scarce. Wildfire prevention can be improved by (i) excluding military activity in fire-prone areas during the fire season, (ii) improving collaboration with foreign emergency services, (iii) concentrating the dedicated resources in the areas that display the highest ignition probabilities, (iv) improving fire detection methods, and (v) raising more awareness among the public.

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