scholarly journals Lipid Profile Evaluation in Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy and Fetomaternal Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Sharma ◽  
Jaswant Raj ◽  
Neha Seehra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Increase in maternal cholesterol levels are thought to be an adaptive change necessary for proper fetal development and growth. However maternal dyslipedemia has been shown to be associated with complications during pregnancy. Objective of this study is evaluation of changes in lipid profile during pregnancy and their association with fetomaternal outcome. It was a prospective descriptive study conducted over 200 pregnant women from December 2018 to August 2020 at jay kaylon hospital, kota, Rajasthan. 3 ml serum samples of enrolled pregnant women and 100 non pregnant women were obtained for the estimation of serum lipid profile by ERBA manheim EM360 auto analyzer. 56% women belonged to the age group of 21-25 years, 70% patients were from urban population, 63.5% women had vegetarian diet, 49.5% were primigravida. Statistically significant rise found in the lipid profile values (p<0.001) during pregnancy when compared to non-pregnant women. 25% pregnant women developed gestational hypertension, 5% patients developed preeclampsia, 69.5% women delivered vaginally while 30.5% by cesarean section. 27 fetus failed to achieve birth weight of >2.5 kilogram. Pregnancy furnishes a unique opportunity for detection of subclinical dyslipidemia, significant increase has been found in the lipid profile when compared to non-pregnant women. However higher lipid levels have shown to be associated with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and their complications along with low birth weight. Hence, we recommend lipid profile evaluation should be a part of routine antenatal investigations for early detection and management of these complications.

HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPIN IN DIABETIC PREGNANCIES

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S44-S51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiese ◽  
L. Mølsted-Pedersen ◽  
P. E. Lebech
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chorionic Somatomammotropin ◽  
Positive Correlations

ABSTRACT The serum concentration of human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) during the third trimester of pregnancy has been measured in 56 insulintreated diabetic women. A total of 318 serum samples were estimated and compared with a control material of 134 serum samples from normal pregnant women. The HCS concentration was found to be significantly higher in diabetic than in normal pregnancies. Significantly positive correlations were demonstrated between the HCS concentration and the placental weight, the birth weight of the infant and the oestriol excretion, respectively. Evidence is presented that simultaneous determinations of HCS and urinary oestriol would be valuable in the management of diabetic pregnancies.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Total Cholesterol Levels In Pregnancy Women And Baby Birth Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Uliyatul Laili ◽  
Rizki Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maternity Home

Maternal nutritional intake during pregnancy will affect the process of fetal growth and development, including intake of cholesterol levels. The fetus obtains amino acids and fatty acids through the placental absorption mechanism of maternal cholesterol. Cholesterol levels in pregnant women are needed by the fetus to meet fetal cholesterol during organogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between total cholesterol levels in pregnant women and birth weight. The research method used was a prospective cohort. This research was conducted at the Endang Sidoarjo Maternity Home from June to August 2020. The sample in this study was 33 respondents in the third trimester of pregnancy, the sample was taken by purposive sampling. The independent variable in this study was total cholesterol levels while the dependent variable was birth weight. Cholesterol levels are obtained based on the results of measurements with digital tools while birth weight is measured using baby scales. The results showed as many as 22 respondents with normal cholesterol levels gave birth to fetuses weighing 2500-4000 grams. Based on the results of data analysis with the statistical test, the p value was obtained p value 0.137> 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is no relationship between total cholesterol levels in pregnant women and birth weight.

EFFECT OF ZINK TABLETS INTERVENTION IN ZINC DEFICIENCY OF TRIMESTER III PREGNANT WOMEN TOWARD WEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH OF NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Nurfadillah S ◽  
Wardihan Sinrang ◽  
Suryani As'ad ◽  
Muh. Nasrum Massi ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Zinc Levels

Background: According to 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) data globally, an estimated 17.3% of the population has inadequate zinc intake, with estimates ranging from 5.7% in Oceania to 7.6% in Europe, 9.6% in America and the Caribbean, highest in Africa (23.9%) and Asia (19.6%). Zinc is important for the function of a number of enzymes and growth hormones during pregnancy. In pregnant women, the relative zinc concentration decreases up to 35% due to the influence of hormonal changes and the transport of nutrients from mother to baby. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of giving zinc tablets to pregnant women with zinc deficiency in the third trimester on body weight and length of babies born at the Makassar City Health Center. Methods: This type of research is True Experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample in this study was 62 samples of third trimester pregnant women, and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Measurement of zinc levels in third trimester pregnant women using the Elisa reader kit at the Research Laboratory of the Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital. The research instruments were in the form of a research explanation sheet, respondent's consent sheet, respondent's checklist sheet, and the mother's zinc tablet consumption control sheet for 14 days. Results: Judging from the average value of newborns in pregnant women who did not have zinc deficiency, the average value of birth weight in pregnant women with zinc deficiency was 15.70 g/dL and 18.95 g/dL. zinc deficiency with a value (p < 0.05), while pregnant women with zinc deficiency have an average birth length of 10.00 g/dL and mothers who do not have a deficiency of 19.87 g/dL with a value (p < 0.05). So, it can be concluded that giving zinc tablets to pregnant women in the third trimester has an effect on Birth Weight (BBL) and Birth Length (PBL). Conclusion: Giving zinc tablets has an effect on increasing zinc levels in third trimester zinc deficiency pregnant women and increasing birth weight and length of the baby.  

scholarly journals A study of lipid parameters among GDM and non GDM pregnant women: a hospital based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi K. R. ◽  
Vijayalakshmi S. ◽  
Shrunga R. P.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Background: Altered maternal lipid metabolism is common in pregnancy. In women with GDM physiological changes in insulin and lipid levels are exaggerated during pregnancy, leading to significant alterations in lipid levels compared to normal pregnancy. Assessment of raise in certain lipid parameters in pregnant women with GDM and non GDM.Methods: A hospital based case control study done in the Department of OBG AIMS Bellur, Mandya, Karnataka, with sample size of 100 pregnant women. 50 cases of GDM (confirmed by OGCT) and 50 controls (non GDM cases) pregnant women were taken during 1 year study period from June 2015 to June 2016. Mean age of presentation of women was 20-25 yrs. Ethical committee clearance was taken and consent from control and cases was taken. Fasting lipid profile was sent. Parameters obtained were analyzed using student t test for statistical significance.Results: There was no statistical difference in age and parity between control and case group. Triglyceride (cases- 286.4±77.60 mg/dl) (controls-166±26mg/dl), total cholesterol (cases-256.5±41.7 mg/dl) (controls -202.5±20.18mg/dl), VLDL (cases-53.4±13.2 mg/dl) (controls-46.6±13.1mg/dl) showed statistically significant values (p value<0.001). HDL and LDL values did not show any statistical significance (p value >0.5) among GDM and non GDM group. Lipid profile was performed predominately in women in II trimester.Conclusions: Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and VLDL level are significantly higher among woman with GDM compared to non GDM pregnant women, where in the lipid profile can be used as predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus in future which needs further research.

scholarly journals The influence of birth weight and genetic factors on lipid levels: a study in adult twins

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuluuntulga Tuya ◽  
William J. Mutch ◽  
Paul Haggarty ◽  
Doris M. Campbell ◽  
Alastair Cumming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Atherogenic Lipid Profile ◽  
Adult Twins

Twins can be used to investigate the biological basis for observed associations between birth weight and later disease risk, as they experiencein uterogrowth restriction compared with singletons, which can differ in magnitude within twin pairs despite partial or total genetic identity. In the present study, sixty monozygotic and seventy-one dizygotic same-sex twin pairs aged 19–50 years and eighty-nine singleton controls matched for age, gestational age, sex, maternal age and parity were recruited from an obstetric database. Associations between fasting lipid levels and birth weight were assessed by linear regression with adjustment for possible confounding factors. Twins were significantly lighter at birth but were not significantly different in adult height, weight or lipid levels from the singleton controls. There was a significant inverse association between birth weight and both total and LDL-cholesterol levels among singleton controls (−0·53mmol/l per kg (95% CI −0·97, −0·09),P=0·02 and −0·39mmol/l per kg (95% CI −0·76, −0·02),P=0·04, respectively), but there was no significant association between birth weight and lipid levels in either unpaired or within-pair analysis of twins. The results suggest that thein uterogrowth restriction and early catch-up growth experienced by twins does not increase the risk of an atherogenic lipid profile in adult life.

scholarly journals Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vertical Transmission and Neonatal Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5253
Author(s):  
Cosmin Citu ◽  
Radu Neamtu ◽  
Virgiliu-Bogdan Sorop ◽  
Delia Ioana Horhat ◽  
Florin Gorun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
A Prospective Study

We designed and implemented a prospective study to analyze the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with COVID-19 and determine the likelihood of viral transmission to the fetus and newborn by collecting samples from amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk. The study followed a prospective observational design, starting in July 2020 and lasting for one year. A total of 889 pregnant women were routinely tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in an outpatient setting at our clinic, using nasal swabs for PCR testing. A total of 76 women were diagnosed with COVID-19. The positive patients who accepted study enrollment were systematically analyzed by collecting weekly nasal, urine, fecal, and serum samples, including amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical cord, and breast milk at hospital admission and postpartum. Mothers with COVID-19 were at a significantly higher risk of developing gestational hypertension and giving birth prematurely by c-section than the general pregnant population. Moreover, their mortality rates were substantially higher. Their newborns did not have negative outcomes, except for prematurity, and an insignificant number of newborns were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (5.4%). No amniotic fluid samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2, and only 1.01% of PCR tests from breast milk were confirmed positive. Based on these results, we support the idea that SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women do not expose their infants to an additional risk of infection via breastfeeding, close contact, or in-utero. Consequently, we do not support maternal–newborn separation at delivery since they do not seem to be at an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Changes in the plasma levels of type 1 and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors in normal pregnancy and in patients with severe preeclampsia

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1332-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Estelles ◽  
J Gilabert ◽  
J Aznar ◽  
DJ Loskutoff ◽  
RR Schleef
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Pai 1

This report defines the nature of the molecules responsible for the increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity in preeclamptic patients and the relationship of these inhibitors to the severity of placental damage in preeclampsia. Clinical groups consisting of pregnant women with either severe preeclampsia or chronic hypertension with superimposed severe preeclampsia, as well as normal pregnant and nonpregnant women, were analyzed in a panel of functional and immunologic assays for PAI-1 and PAI-2. Pure severe preeclamptic patients in their third trimester showed a significant increase in both antigenic (136 ng/mL) and functional (5.76 U/mL) type 1 PAI (PAI-1) as compared with normal third-trimester pregnant women (34.8 ng/mL and 2.57 U/mL, respectively). In contrast, antigenic (186 ng/mL) and functional (5.76 U/mL) levels of type 2 PAI (PAI-2) were significantly lower in the pure severe preeclampsia group as compared with the values of the normal pregnant group (269 ng/mL and 9.58 U/mL, respectively). The patients with chronic hypertension and superimposed severe preeclampsia exhibited PAI-2 levels comparable to those of the pure preeclamptic group, whereas their antigenic and functional PAI-1 levels were intermediate (94 ng/mL and 3.25 U/mL, respectively) between the normal pregnant and the pure preeclamptic groups. During early puerperium of both normal pregnant women and patients, plasma PAI-1 antigen and activity decreased within one day to approximately the levels detected in normal nonpregnant women, while PAI-2 levels remained elevated for over 11 days. Similar results were obtained in plasma samples obtained from citrated blood and blood collected with an anticoagulant/antiplatelet mixture, suggesting that increased PAI-1 levels in preeclamptic patients were not due to platelet activation in vitro. In preeclamptic patients, a positive correlation between birth weight and PAI-2 values was observed (r = .64, P less than .05), whereas birth weight was inversely correlated with both PAI-1 levels and total PAI activity (r = -.6, P less than .005 and r = -.76, P less than .005 respectively). Preeclamptic patients with extensive placental infarction exhibited higher plasma PAI activity (24.1 U/mL v 11.6 U/mL) and PAI-1 values (305 ng/mL v 80.9 ng/mL) than preeclamptic patients without extensive placental infarction. In contrast, PAI-2 levels were reduced in preeclamptic patients with infarction in comparison with those of patients without infarction (141 ng/mL v 212.9 ng/mL). Our data indicate that increases in the level of PAI-1 accounts for the high plasma PAI activity in severe preeclampsia as measured using single-chain t-PA.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy induces vascular alterations and impaired development of placental villi: a preliminary histopathological study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Del Gobbo ◽  
Giovanna Scarfone ◽  
Fedro Alessandro Peccatori ◽  
Antonella Villa ◽  
Wally Ossola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Placental Villi ◽  
Fetal Malformations

Abstract Breast cancer is diagnosed in approximately 1/3000 pregnant women. Chemotherapy may be administered after the first trimester, with improved maternal outcome and relatively few pregnancy and offspring complications. Nonetheless, no information about the effects of different chemotherapy regimens on placenta architecture and vasculature are available. Methods To evaluate histological alterations in placentas of women affected by breast cancer and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy, we retrospectively analyzed 23 placentas of patients affected by breast cancer and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy and 23 control placentas of women without breast cancer and with physiological pregnancies of the same gestational age. Results All the patients had breast ductal infiltrating carcinoma, 19 of 23 cases had a G3 cancer. All patients were treated with 2-6 cycles of chemotherapy starting after 16 weeks of gestation, with different protocols. No hypertensive complications and no pre-eclampsia episodes were observed; birth weight was consistent with gestational age in all babies in both group with no uneventful outcomes and no perinatal mortality or fetal malformations. Twenty out of 23 cases (86%) showed hypoxia-induced villous alterations, including increased syncytial knotting (Tenney-Parker changes), perivillar fibrin deposits, distal villous hypoplasia or accelerated maturation and focal villous chorangiosis. These alterations were found in 19 out of 23 controls (83%), with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions These results shows that chemotherapy in the second and third trimester of pregnancy may lead to non-specific alterations in placental vasculature and morphology.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Profile and Perinatal outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital Based Study’

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Fahmida Naz Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the proportion of GDM in antenatal outdoor of a hospital, to find out the mean gestational period at which most delivery occurred in GDM and to assess the perinatal outcome.Study design : It was a prospective analytical study conducted in BSMMU, from March,2010 to February,2011.Method: 1489 pregnant women, not known to be diabetic previously, were selected by consecutive sampling in first trimester from Obstetrics outdoor, BSMMU. Their FBS and blood glucose 2hrs after 75gm oral glucose were recorded. We investigated blood glucose in first, second and third trimester in the same pregnant women for screening GDM. Cut off GDM values in fasting stage was e” 6.1mmol/l and 2 hrs after 75gm oral glucose was e” 7.8mmol/l .Result: The proportion of GDM in Obstetrics Outdoor of BSMMU was 6.85%. The mean gestational period at which delivery occurred was lower in GDM ( 36.9 ± 2.2 wks ) than that in non-GDM (39 ± 1.6 wks ) .The most common (31.4%) gestational week during delivery in GDM was 37 completed weeks. Birth weight of 40.2% babies were in the range of 2.5kg to 3.0kg, 31.4% in the range of 3.1 to 3.5 kg and 1% neonate died after birth in GDM.Conclusion: Presently GDM is diagnosed early. The mean gestational period at delivery in GDM is 36.9±2.2 wks. Majority neonatal birth weight is of normal range. Neonatal mortality rate is not increased and is not significantly different from non-GDM women.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 79-85

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