scholarly journals Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Using GGBS, Lime and Nano-Silica

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mahesh Vastrad ◽  
M. Karthik ◽  
Varsha Dhanavandi ◽  
M. S. Shilpa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Study Laboratory

Soil is known of their geotechnical properties and suitability as base, sub-based and sub-grade materials for road construction with the increase in population reduce the land availability. In current situation there is increasingly more development of structures and other structural building structures must be completed on less strength or poor soil. Black cotton soil is found in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh & Tamilnadu covering an area of about 3.0 lakh sq. km in our nation. Black cotton soil is one of the largest soil stores of India, so for the reason need to increase its geotechnical properties and make it comfortable for the development reason. In pavement surface causes problems like cracking, rutting, patching, potholes and detoriation in the pavement surface. The development on black cotton soil (expansive soil) has consistently been a giving tough task for the specialists as the Road & structure laying on black cotton soil breaks without any notice. Stabilization of soil by GGBS couldn't just take care of the issue of appropriate stabilization of black cotton soil, yet in addition settle the issue of removal of a modern waste for example GGBS. The properties of black cotton soil can be modified by stabilizing the soil with the use of additives or stabilizers like Lime (6%), GGBS (30%) & Nano silica (0.3%, 0.6% & 0.9%). There is increase in various geotechnical properties like liquid limit, and plastic limit, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, CBR values and swelling pressure were determined. An experimental investigation is carried out to study the influence of admixture in soil with respect to the strength characteristics. In this comparative study laboratory tests such as Atterberg’s limit, Compaction test, swelling index and California Bearing Ratio (CBR)& Unconfined compressive strength (UCS)test were carried out for black cotton soil.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Oil Contamination on some Geotechnical Properties of West Qurna Oilfield Soils at Basrah, Southern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2B) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Ahmed K. Al-Nimah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
The West ◽  
Coefficient Of Consolidation ◽  
Clayey Silt

Oil contamination in soils causes several geotechnical problems that must be considered during construction. The contamination occurs due to oil seepage which could happen during oil explorations and production processes or oil transportation. The site of West Qurna oilfield in Basrah was selected for this study because it has witnessed oil seepages many times. In order to study the significant impact on geotechnical properties of soils in the West Qurna site, as uncontaminated bulk soil sample was taken at a depth of 1 m, and crude oil was added at weight ratios of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 %. Laboratory tests were performed on all samples; these tests included particle size distribution, moisture content, Atterberg’s limits, consolidation, unconfined compressive strength, and water absorption. The results show that soil at the West Qurna site is clayey silt with little sand and the moisture content is 29.21%. The values of liquid limit and plasticity index were gradually decreased, while the plastic limit was increased with increasing of crude oil in the soil of study. There was an increase in consolidation coefficients [compressive index, swelling index, pre-consolidation pressure, and coefficient of consolidation] with an increase in the percentages of crude oil in the soil. The results also show that there was a decrease in the values of unconfined compressive strength and absorption of water as the crude oil was increased in the soil.

scholarly journals Effect Lime and Recron Fibre on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 6252-6257
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Limit Test

Clayey soils are considered as the weakest subgrade soil from civil engineering point of view under moist condition. These soils attract and absorb water and loses their strength. Because of this reason certain inherent properties of these clayey soils need modification for their bulk use in construction of highways, embankments etc. Recently, many synthetic fibres have emerged to strengthen soft soils. Synthetic fibres are low-cost materials, hydrophobic and chemically inert in nature which does not allow the absorption or reaction with soil moisture. The inclusion of synthetic fibres provides reinforcement to the soil and use of lime as a soil stabilizer in BC soil cut down the plasticity index and also increase its strength. For this an extensive laboratory test program was conducted to analyse the variation geotechnical properties of soil by changing the percentage of recron fibre at an optimum dose of lime. The laboratory tests include Atterberg Limit Test, Modified Proctor Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength Test and California Bearing Ratio Test. To conduct different tests on soil sample the proportion of lime is kept fixed and proportion of polyester recron fibre is varied from 0% to 1% by dry weight of soil sample for different lengths of fibre(6 mm, 12 mm & 18 mm separately). Optimum dose of lime is find out by plasticity index of BC soil mixed with varying percentages of lime (4%, 6%, 8% and 10%). Results of the experiments shows that with the increase in the appropriate percentage in recron fibre the Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio increases. On increasing the length of Recron Fibre, the Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio also increases. Combination of lime and recron fibre in BC soil give higher CBR value. Therefore it can be used in the improvement of Clayey Soil Subgrade in pavement design and in the construction of embankements.

scholarly journals Using Steel Slag for Stabilizing Clayey Soil in Sulaimani City-Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Zozk Kawa Abdalqadir ◽  
Nihad Bahaaldeen Salih ◽  
Soran Jabbar Hama Salih
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clayey Soils

The clayey soils have the capability to swell and shrink with the variation in moisture content. Soil stabilization is a well-known technique, which is implemented to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. The massive quantities of waste materials are resulting from modern industry methods create disposal hazards in addition to environmental problems. The steel industry has a waste that can be used with low strength and weak engineering properties soils. This study is carried out to evaluate the effect of steel slag (SS) as a by-product of the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on natural and stabilized soils. SS was added by 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to the soil. The conducted tests are consistency limits, specific gravity, hydrometer analysis, modified Proctor compaction, swelling pressure, swelling percent, unconfined compressive strength, and California Bearing Ratio (Soaked CBR). The results showed that the values of liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, swelling pressure, and swelling percent were decreased when stabilized the soil. However, the values of maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and California bearing ratio were increased with the addition of steel slag with various percentages to the clayey soil samples. The steel slag was found to be successfully improving the geotechnical properties of clayey soils.

scholarly journals Influence of Lime for Enhancing Characteristics of Expansive Soils in Road Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
K.S Chamberlin ◽  
M. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Black Cotton Soils

Abstract Expansive soils are found in black cotton soils, which swell or shrink in volume when presented to changes in moisture content. Lime treatment is exhaustively used to increment the properties of sensitive and fragile soils. One of the hugest clarifications behind using lime is to decline the developing presentation of the earth soil. The arrangement of extra safeguards improves the reaction of quicklime (CaO) with water, structures hydrated (slaked) lime (Ca (OH)2), and thus earth characteristics. The vast inadequacy of employing lime is growing the deficiency of lime offset earth. Following that, the goal of this study is to see how re-establishing time affects the geotechnical qualities of settled Black cotton soils with lime. These discoveries recommend that adding Lime as a stabilizer works on the strength of black cotton soil. Some of the characteristics of the soil likely to be increased by using stabilizer in this work are UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) at different curing periods (7,14,28 and 56 days), CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value at unsoaked and soaked and MDD (Maximum Dry Density) decrease at different lime percentages(%) like 2.4.6.8 and 10. The result showed here untreated soil got stabilized by using the stabilizer in certain extent In this adjustment various rates of cementitious material is added to black cotton soil and directed tests like plasticity, compaction, swell pressure, free swell index(FSI), Coefficient of permeability (k) and CBR(soaked and unsoaked) at various conditions like OMC,OMC+2% water and OMC+5% water, UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) was performed. From the test results, it is identified that the stabilization agent decreases plasticity and improves strength characteristics. Addition of stabilizing agent makes the black cotton soil to non-plastic, non-swelling and attains increase CBR values which are greater than 25% for a dosage of 10% lime at OMC but remaining OMC+2%water & OMC+5%water CBR values are not various much difference as per test results. With the addition of lime, the black cotton soil becomes non-plastic, non-swelling, and has high strengths. Treated soils are used as a development material, for example, a subgrade layer in the development of adaptable asphalt pavements for roads.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Marine Clay Soil Using Polyurethane

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaila Saleh ◽  
Nur Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus ◽  
Kamarudin Ahmad ◽  
Nazri Ali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
The Road

Many chemicals stabilisation techniques are being employed all over the world to improve the engineering and physical properties of the problematic soils and reduce the potential damages caused by them. Out of those chemical stabilisation technics, application of Polyurethane to improve the strength of marine clay was investigated in the laboratory. Characterization of the soil geotechnical properties was carried out by conducting laboratory test that includes natural moisture content, Atterberg limits, grains sizes analyses, specific gravity, moisture-density relationship, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), organic matter content and PH tests. Unconfined compressive strength test at optimum moisture content with varying the dose of the Polyurethane content was conducted to test the effectiveness of Polyurethane as a chemical stabiliser. The result of the preliminary tests of the sample shows that the soil has a liquid limit of 65%, plastic limit of 26% and plasticity index of 53%. The percentages of gravel, sand and fines in the marine clay sample were 0 %, 1.32 % and 98.68 % respectively %. The results of the UCS test also revealed that Polyurethane stabilisation improved the strength of marine clay by 230%. Thus, the improvement in strength of stabilised marine clay soil can significantly reduce the overall thickness of the pavement and total cost of the road construction in future.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Properties of Effluent-Contaminated Cohesive Soils and Their Stabilization Using Industrial By-Products

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Yulong Chen ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Ahmed Qadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Plastic Clay ◽  
Swell Potential ◽  
By Products

The unchecked and unnoticed disposal of industrial leachates is a common malpractice in developing countries. Untreated effluents from industries drastically deteriorate the soil, altering nearly all of its characteristics. An increase in urbanization has led to construction on these deteriorated lands. In this study, the chemical impact of two industrial effluents, dyeing (acidic) and tannery (basic), is studied on two cohesive soils, i.e., high plastic clay (CH) and low plastic clay (CL). Properties such as liquid limit, plasticity index, specific gravity, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, swell potential, swell pressure, and compression indices decrease with effluent contamination, with the exception of the basic effluent, for which the trend changes after a certain percentage. This study also examines the time variation of properties at different effluent percentages, finding that unconfined compressive strength of both soils increases with time upon dyeing (acidic) contamination and decreases with tannery (basic). The stabilizing effect of two industrial by-products, i.e., marble dust and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) have been evaluated. Unlike their proven positive effect on uncontaminated soils, these industrial by-products did not show any significant stabilization effect on leachate-contaminated cohesive soils, thereby emphasizing the need to utilize special remediation measures for effluent treated soils.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Effect of Class C and Class F Fly Ashes on Geotechnical Properties of High-Plasticity Clay

CivilEng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018
Author(s):  
Salar Shirkhanloo ◽  
Mohammad Najafi ◽  
Vinayak Kaushal ◽  
Mehrdad Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
High Plasticity Clay ◽  
Class C ◽  
Class F

Clays generally have a low strength and capacity, and additives are usually used to stabilize them. In recent years, using fly ash to stabilize soil has decreased environmental pollution while also having an economic benefit. The objective of this study is to perform a comparative investigation on the effect of class C and class F fly ashes on geotechnical properties of high-plasticity clay using the Atterberg’s limit, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and unconfined compressive strength tests. The results showed that with an increase in the amount of fly ash, there was a decrease in the maximum dry density and an increase in the optimum moisture content. Moreover, an addition of fly ashes of up to 25% caused a reduction of the liquid limit and plasticity index, and an increase in the maximum unconfined compressive strength and CBR. Lengthening the curing time had a positive impact on the unconfined compressive strength of the soil. The soil samples with class C fly ash were seen to possess more efficient geotechnical properties as compared to class F fly ash.

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