scholarly journals Comparison of Beliefs about Cardiovascular Medicines in Polish and American Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scarlett Olejnik-Brzusek ◽  
Michal Seweryn Karbownik
Keyword(s):  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Cardiovascular Medications ◽  
Paper Survey ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Patient adherence to medications is a constant concern. Some barriers to adherence are that the patient may believe that medications are overused or feel that the medications they take are not necessary for their well-being.  Materials and Methods: A written paper survey was given to general outpatient clinics, pharmacies and senior living homes. The original English version as well as the recently validated Polish version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) was used together with the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS). Additionally, patients were asked to answer demographic questions regarding sex, age, place of residence and socioeconomic status.  Results: The extent of general beliefs that medicines are harmful and overused as well as the specific beliefs of concerns did not significantly differ between the studied populations (p>0.05).  However, beliefs about the necessity of prescribed medications were significantly higher in the group of Polish patients as compared to the American and the difference remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates (18.3, 95%CI 17.2-19.5 vs. 16.2, 95%CI 14.9-17.5, p=0.02). Necessity-minus-Concern beliefs significantly predicted self-reported medication adherence also after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates (r=0.41, 95%CI 0.25-0.55, p<0.0001), with no significant difference existing between the studied groups (p=0.65). Conclusions: Polish cardiovascular patients seem to believe that their medications are more necessary than American patients, however, the results may be biased due to the possible effect of unmeasured covariates. The Necessity Concerns Framework appears equally useful in predicting self-reported adherence to cardiovascular medications in both populations.  

Perceived social support and burden of care of male and female caregivers of patient with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Nishant Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a high familial, social and economic burden. Schizophrenia is also associated with a high level of disability which may create impediments on the social and economic areas of the patients as well as on their respective family networks. Families with schizophrenia may encounter problems such as impairment of health and well being of other family members, restriction of social activities of the family members and shrinking of support from the social network. Aims: The present study examined the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study examining the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 60 (30 male and 30 female) caregivers of the patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia as per ICD-10-DCR. Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that male caregivers perceived more social support and less burden of care as compared to female caregivers. Key words: Gender, social support, burden

Determination Of Factors Affecting Father-Baby Attachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emine Serap ÇAĞAN ◽  
Birsen KARACA SAYDAM ◽  
Sinem GÜLÜMSER ATEŞ ◽  
Rabia EKTİ GENÇ ◽  
Esin ÇEBER TURFAN
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: The primary attachment figure is mostly defined as the mother, and studies focus on the mother. However, in many babies, basic attachment is just as good with the father as with the mother. It is seen that there are very few studies in the literature investigating the correlations of father-infant attachment relationships.. The aim of this study is to determine the father-infant attachment status and to determine the factors affecting attachment. Method: The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of the spouses of all puerperant women hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between September 1, 2018 and October 1, 2018. The sample size consisted of 156 fathers who agreed to participate in the study. Father identification form and father-infant attachment scale were used to collect the study data. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was carried out on the computer using the SPSS 16.0 package program. Results: 156 fathers participated in the study. The mean age of the fathers is 33.64±6.49, and 38.5% of them have a bachelor's degree. 91.0% of fathers stated that they felt ready for fatherhood. The fathers' Father-Infant Attachment Scale mean score was 82.60±7.72 In the analysis, the difference between the variables and the total score of the scale was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: At the end of the study, the bonding process of fathers participating in the study with their babies and the factors affecting this process were evaluated and it was seen that the father-infant attachment scale mean scores of the fathers participating in the study were high and were similar to other studies. In addition, when the basic factors affecting father-infant attachment were compared with the attachment scale mean score, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference.

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽  
Rakina Bhansakarya ◽  
Sajjan Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

scholarly journals Is stress an important co morbid factor for hypertension among legal professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
L. Kannan ◽  
Praveena P.
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
District Court ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Stress is a mental, physical and emotional response to life demands. Long hours of work, client demands, changing laws- creates stress and eventually hypertension among advocates. Well-being of the advocates are being questioned. Hence the main objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship between stress and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method.Results: Around 133 (44.33%) and 167 (55.66%) of study participants were in level of high stress and low stress respectively. Among high stressed participants, a majority of 113 (84.96%) were found to be hypertensives and among the low stressed participants only 10 (5.98%) were hypertensives. The difference of observation was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0000).Conclusions: In conclusion the study explains that practising advocates with high perceived stress 113 (84.96%) were found to be hypertensives. Stress has a significant association with hypertension. The right way to manage stress is to implement coping strategies.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effect of Apotel Versus Pethidine After Hemilaminectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Emamhadi ◽  
◽  
Hamid Behzadnia ◽  
Seifollah Jafari ◽  
Mohammadreza Zamanidoust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Difference

Background: Postoperative pain is a common phenomenon, and its management affects considerably on the recovery process, and patients’ satisfaction. Apotel and pethidine are two conventional medicines used to relieve pain after operation. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous injection of Apotel and intramuscular injection of pethidine in relieving pain after hemilaminectomy. Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 150 patients who underwent hemilaminectomy were recruited between May 2015 and November 2015. They were taking either Apotel (n=75) or pethidine (n=75) after the operation, which was done at Poursina Hospital affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht City, Iran. The patients’ pain levels were measured using visual analog scale (VAS), and the results were compared between the 2 groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the total VAS score between the Apotel and pethidine groups (P=0.189). However, there was a significant reduction in VAS score hours 2 (P=0.03) and 4 (P=0.004) hours after the injection of Apotel in this group, compared with those scores in the pethidine group. Also, VAS scores at other times (8, 12, 20, 28 hours after the injection) were lower than those in the pethidine group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Apotel was better pain-killer in the early hours after the first injection compared to pethidine. But its effect was similar to pethidine at the late hours after the first injection. Therefore it seems that Apotel is better painkiller after laminectomy, especially in the early hours after the operation.

scholarly journals threatening a teacher

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Tuka Younis Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intermediate Schools ◽  
Frequency Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Being There ◽  
Behavior Frequency

Abstract Background: Threatening teachers increases teacher stress and impairs emotional well-being. There are many reasons for violence against teachers. There are communication errors and conceptual differences in applying the rules that emphasizes corporal punishment rather than persuasive punishment. Also, it is related to a parent complaint that expresses Parents' belief in the education their child received in school is getting weaker. In addition to the incompetence that teachers must implement, like personal, social and professional aspects that make students offend teachers. Threatening someone considered as physical aggression. Aggression is any behavior intended to harm another person that wishes to avoid such harm High rates of aggression were reported recently in Iraq, especially after wars. Some studies have shown that students, whose friends engage in negative activities such as dropping out of school and have lower academic performance, may engage in aggressive activities toward teachers and/or other students. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of students’ aggressive act towards teachers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Al-Sadr city in Baghdad. A total of 720 adolescent secondary schools students from both genders were included in the study. They were selected by multistage random sampling. Their age was ranged from 13-21 years. Data was collected from 1st of February 2019 to 30 of April 2019 through a self-reported questionnaire (Aggression-Problem Behavior Frequency Scale). Results: The mean age of participants was 16.2±2.04 years. Of all participants, 84.3% were assessed to be aggressive. There was a significant difference between aggressive act (threatening a teacher) and sex, school type, grade, history of absence from school and employed mother,(P=0.038, 0.009, 0.0001,p= 0.02 and p=0.018, respectively). 10% of male threatening a teacher.   Conclusion: A high prevalence of aggression among students was found. Threatening a teacher was dominant among male students, intermediate schools, 4th grade, students with history of absence from school, and not employed mother.

scholarly journals DIASTASIS RECTI AMONG PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM WOMEN IN KANO, NIGERIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Fatima Bichi ◽  
Dr. Shumaila Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Diastasis Recti (DR) is a common muscular condition often present during and after pregnancy. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated the prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women. A total of 250 pregnant and postpartum women were recruited using convenience sampling technique from obstetrics and gynaecology department, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Age, body mass, height, BMI, parity, trimester, duration of DR postpartum, location of DR and DR status was recorded for each participant. Presence of DR was confirmed using the finger width method. Descriptive statistics of mean, SD, percentage were used to describe the data and determine the prevalence. Inferential statistics of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyse the relationship between prevalence of DR and age, parity and duration of DR postpartum. Chi square was computed to determine the difference in prevalence of DR across trimesters. The result of this study indicated high prevalence of DR in post-partum and pregnant women (84% and 64.7% respectively); the most common location of DR was at the umbilicus in both pregnant and postpartum women. Prevalence of DR was high among the multigravida; and a significant relationship was found between prevalence of DR and age and parity of participants. There was a significant difference in prevalence of DR across the trimesters. It can be concluded that prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women is high; age and parity are determinants of DR prevalence. Evaluation of DR should be considered as routine assessment in both pregnant and postpartum women.

scholarly journals Effect of dengue hemorrhagic fever on thrombomodulin level

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Hendra Widjaja ◽  
Max F. J. Mantik
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Test

Background Thrombocyte and endothelial cells play animportant role in dengue hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis.Thrombomodulin is a part of glycoprotein membrane inendothelial cells. Therefore, thrombomodulin level willincrease if endothelial cells disruption occurs.Objective To acknowledge the correlation between thedegree of dengue hemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulinlevel.Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects werehospitalized pediatric patients with age ranging from oneto 13 year old in pediatric ward at Pro£ Dr. R.D. KandouHospital, Manado, who had fever. Three milliliters of bloodwere taken from vein, and were divided for two tests whichwere routine blood analysis and thrombomodulin analysis.Different data resulted from the dengue hemorrhagic fevergroup were processed, and analyzed statistically using F Testand LSD (least significant difference) test. The relationbetween dengue hemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulinwas analyzed with Spearman correlation coefficient.Results There was a significant result in the difference ofthrombomodulin level on four dengue hemorrhagic fevergroups which were classified according to the severity ofdengue hemorrhagic fever. There was a very significantpositive correlation between the severity of denguehemorrhagic fever and thrombomodulin level in detectingendothelial cells impairment.Conclusion Thrombomodulin level can be used as amarker to detect endothelial cells impairment in denguehemorrhagic fever. Higher grade of dengue hemorrhagicfever will have higher thrombomodulin level.

scholarly journals Correlation of VIT D3 and serum ferritin levels in anemic patients in a hospital based study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2376-2382
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Mohammad Basharat
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

Objectives: To determine the correlation of Vit D3 levels with serum ferritin in patients with anemia. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera. Period: 5th Jan 2019 to 31st Dec 2020. Material & Methods: Data entered in SPSS 25th version. Descriptive statistics was used for numerical variables. Pearson correlation was used for correlation of Vit D3 with gender. Normality of data was checked by Shapiro wilk test. Mann Whitney U test was used to show the difference of Vit D3 and ferritin levels in gender. Results: The total of 192 anemic patients with Hb<10g/dl as per definition of WHO1 were referred for ferritin level estimation with 142(74%) females and 50(26%) males. Out of total, 47 were also advised with Vit D3 level estimation with 29(61.7%) females and 18(38.3%) males. Mean with standard deviation for age was 30+9.6 years. Mean with standard Error of mean of Vit D3 was (Mean-15.5ng/ml, SE 2.19). Mean with standard Error of mean of serum ferritin was (Mean-48.2ng/ml, SE 5.90). We observed 35(74.5%) cases out of 47, as Vit D3 deficient with a count less than 20 ng/ml. We observed that 118 (61.5%) were iron deficient with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. Person correlation showed a statistically significant correlation of Vit D3 with ferritin (p= 0.022, r=0.7). Spearman ranked correlation showed a statistically significant correlation between the categories of Vit D3 and ferritin (p=0.022, r=0.7). Mann Whitney U Test showed no significant difference in gender groups for botht the variables (p= 0.86 &p=0.33 respectively) thus retain the null hypotheses. Conclusion: The frequency of deficiency Vit D3<20ng/ml in anemic patients was 74% while that of ferritin<15ng/ml in anemic patients was 61.5%. There is a strong statistically significant correlation of Vit D3 with serum ferritin in anemic patients with Hb<11g/dl.

scholarly journals Comparison of Axial Ocular Measurements with Contact and Non-contact Biometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Suhail Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Awais Afzal ◽  
Imran Khalid ◽  
Sehrish Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Graphical Presentation

Purpose:  To compare between non-contact and contact biometry for measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL). Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study:  Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June 2018 to December 2018. Material and Methods:  Eighty-four subjects, (168 non-pathological eyes) visiting the eye outpatients department were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. Patients with high refractive errors and suffering from any ocular pathology were excluded from the study. CCT, ACD, LT and AL were measured with non-contact Biometer (HAAG Streit) followed by Contact Biometer (Ultrasound) after taking consent from the patient. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS-21 and Medcalc software. Normality of quantitative data was checked with Shapiro Wilk test. Independent sample t test was used for parametric variable and Mann Whitney-U test was used for non-parametric data. For the agreement between two techniques Cohen’s Kappa test used and Bland-Altman plot was drawn for graphical presentation. P-value equal or less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results:  Mean age of 84 subject (female: 45.24% and male: 54.76%) was 53.05 ± 13.56 years. The AL was significantly longer for the non-contact measurement with the difference of 0.53 ± 0.32 mm (p < 0.001). Contact pachymetry was significantly higher with the difference of 8.67 ± 20.83 µm (p = 0.046). ACD was significantly deeper for non-contact measurements with the difference of 0.51 ± 0.32 mm (p < 0.001). Contact ultrasound A-scan measured LT significantly thicker with the difference of 0.59 ± 0.56 mm (p < 0.001). Conclusion:  There is significant difference of axial ocular measurements (CCT, ACD, LT and AL) between contact (ultrasound A-scan) and non-contact (HAAG Streit) biometry (p < 0.05).

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