scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CO-DIGESTION OF POULTRY DROPPINGS AND MAIZE COBS ON BIOGAS YIELDS AND SOME PROXIMATE PROPERTIES OF THEIR BY-PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chomini Meyiwa Stephen ◽  
Ameh Mariam ◽  
Osaseboh Osaze Florence ◽  
Chomini Akunna Emilia
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
By Products ◽  
Maize Cobs

Purpose: The study focused on Co-digestion trials of poultry droppings and maize cobs in order to assess its effects on biogas yield and some proximate properties of their by-products.Methodology: Five different treatment ratios A(25:75), B(50:50), C(75:25), D(100:0) and E(0:100) of these wastes in triplicates were made into slurries (1:3w/v ratio) and separately fed to 13.6L locally fabricated digesters for 56 days retention time. There was a progressive increase in biogas yield across the treatments within the first six weeks of digestion, followed by a sharp decline at the 7th and 8th weeks.Findings: All co-substrates treatments had higher gas yields in the order of B(2481.30ml) > D(2197.90ml) > A(2163.00ml) > C(2116.30) > E(1713.20ml). The proximate contents gave E(763.60%), A(153.73%), B132.44%), C(79.37%), D(48.06%) as % increases in ash, while  %decreases in crude lipid and moisture  contents were  E (77.04, 21.02), B(72.70, 56.90), D(65.99, 40.94), A(65.70, 53.21) and C (56.83, 49.89), respectively. All but treatment D(5.74%) had % increases in crude protein. There was a general decrease in total solids(TS), volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demands (COD), metabolizable energy(ME). All co-substrates had higher % bioconversion efficiencies(%BE) over the singles with B(24.50%),  C(57.90%) and A(21.39%) highest values for TS, VS and ME  reduction, respectively. The % C/N reduction was in the order of  treatment E(81.80%)> A(68.02%)> B(54.42%),>C(54.23%) >D (12.94%).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The process had revealed the alternative energy potentials and consequential implication on the biochemical composition of the effluents

The effect of different proportions of hay and fortified rolled barley in the diet on digestible-energy value and urinary-energy excretion by cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Raven
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Concentrate Treatment

SUMMARYA 6 x 6 Latin Square balance experiment was carried out using six Friesian steers, each of which initially weighed about 304 kg. The six treatments studied were an all-hay diet and five other diets containing 20,40,60,80 and 100 % of rolled barley fortified with mineral and vitamin supplements, accompanied by correspondingly reduced proportions of hay. Each diet was fed at an estimated maintenance level of feeding.The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in both digestible and calculated metabolizable energy. The actual increase in digestible energy was from 2·62Mcal/kg dry matter (59·3% of the gross energy) on the all-hay treatment to 3·42 Mcal/kg dry matter (79·5% of the gross energy) on the all-concentrate treatment. Use of the determined digestible energy values for the all-hay and fortified barley diets to calculate the digestible energy of the four mixed diets gave results in reasonably good agreement with the determined values, the maximum difference being 0·12 Mcal/kg dry matter, which represented 3·83 % of the determined value. The losses of energy in the urine expressed as percentages of the gross energy of the diets showed a small but significantly linear decrease (P < 0·01) with increase in proportion of barley in the diet. The molar proportions of steamvolatile acids in samples of rumen fluid taken from two animals on each treatment indicated that increase in the proportion of concentrate was associated with tendencies for increase in acetic acid, decrease in propionic acid and little change in butyric acid. The mean digestibility of the organic matter was 62·6 % on the all-hay treatment and 81·8 % on the all concentrate treatment. The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in digestibility of the organic matter. Although intakes of nitrogen decreased with increase in the proportion of concentrate due to a decrease in the amount of dry matter fed, the weights of nitrogen retained were well maintained and when expressed as percentages of intake showed a significantly linear increase (P < 0·01).

scholarly journals Nutritional and energetic value of rice by-products, with or without phytase, for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Dadalt ◽  
Andréa Machado Leal Ribeiro ◽  
Alexandre de Mello Kessler ◽  
William Rui Wesendonck ◽  
Luciane Bockor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional and energetic value of rice by-products, with or without phytase, using growing pigs. Thirty-six male pigs were housed in individual metabolic cages. Total collection of feces and urine was carried out in two periods of ten days: five days for adaptation and five days for collection. A randomized blocks design was used, considering the sampling period as a block, with five treatments and seven replicates. Two control diets (with and without phytase - Phy) were used in the digestibility calculations, the latter in order to evaluate the enzyme influence on energy digestibility of the tested ingredients. The control diet was replaced by 30% of one of the ingredients: defatted rice bran (DRB) with and without Phy and dephytinised defatted rice bran (DDRB). The use of Phy in the control diet did not influence DRB+Phy energy digestibility. Relative to DRB+Phy, dephytinised defatted rice bran had higher contents of ME and digestible protein but lower digestible P and Ca. Phy supplementation increased Ca and P utilization of DRB and improved energy and protein digestibility. The DRB without Phy showed the lowest digestibility coefficients for all responses. Metabolizable energy, digestible protein, phosphorus and calcium of DRB, DRB+Phy and DDRB were respectively, 2140, 2288 and 2519kcal kg-1; 79.25, 92.41 and 107.10g kg-1; 1.62, 3.41, and 2.11g kg-1 and 2.80, 3.79 and 2.90g kg-1.

scholarly journals Proximate, vitamin and mineral composition of earthworm (Hyperiodrilus euryaulos) cultured indifferent Animal dung Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
O. A. Ukoha ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. M. Obike ◽  
U. C. Nze
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The experiment to investigate the proximate, vitamin and mineral composition of earthworm (Hyperiodriluseuryaulos) cultured in different animal dung media was conducted using a completely randomized design for ten weeks. Rabbit, Poultry, Pig and Goat dungs were incorporated into garden soil after sterilizing in other to ensure that there was no earthworm or any insect alive in the substrate. Live earthworms were introduced into these different animal dungs which were designated as T1,T2, T3 and T4 for rabbit, poultry, pig and goat dungs respectively. Diet formulated with maize, palm kernel cake and wheat offal was evenly spread on the diet and then mixed with the substrate. At the end of the tenth week, the earthworms were harvested by hand picking. They were soaked in warm water to kill them and rinsed with cold water to remove sand. The dried and milled earthworms were analyzed for chemical composition. The result of the study revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in percentage dry matter, ash, ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, and nitrogen free extract and Metabolizable energy. The earthworm cultured in goat dung (T4) had the highest (p<0.05) crude protein percent of 38.49% while those from the rabbit dung (T1) recorded 28.72%CP. The Sodium content of the earthworms cultured in rabbit droppings T1was significantly (p<0.05) the highest recording 126.52mg, while others were 86.63, 86.40 and 93.73mg for poultry, pig and goat dungs respectively.1.74Vitamin A content of earthworms cultured in the different animal dung media were 1.74mg/100g DM, 2.10, 1.36 and 1.30mg/100g DM for the rabbit, poultry, pig and goat dungs respectively. The proximate composition of the earthworms cultured in the different animal dung media indicate that the earthworms except those cultured in the poultry droppings have high crude protein content and can be used to substitute fish meal in livestock diets. Moreover, the high content of ash in all the treatments suggests that they may be rich in minerals especially sodium.

scholarly journals Preparation of wastelage with poultry droppings and rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) as a cattle feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Obydul Islam ◽  
Somaya Akter ◽  
Md Ahidul Islam ◽  
Dewan Kamruzzaman Jamee ◽  
Rokibul Islam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The use of poultry droppings as a feed ingredient may not only reduce waste and environmental pollution but also provide inexpensive feed components for ruminants. An experiment was conducted to prepare wastelage in the field laboratory of Animal Science Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) was mixed with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% caged layer excreta (CLE) and 5% molasses in each treatment on dry matter (DM) basis and ensiled in air tight container under room temperature. After 60 days, ensiled mixture was opened. All the wastelage had desirable smell, light brownish color, soft texture and no fungal growth was found. Results revealed that PH, DM, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ash, in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by different levels of CLE. The highest CP (5.97g/100g DM) was observed in wastelage with 30% CLE (p<0.05) followed by 20% and 10% CLE. The PH level, DM, Ash and CF contents were decreased linearly (p<0.05) from 4.8 to 4.11, 78.00 to 55.63, 25.08 to 17.70 and 22.57 to 14.95%, respectively as the level of CLE increased from 0 to 30%. In all treatments, EE content was not significantly influenced by the different level of CLE. The in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) also increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increased level of CLE and maximum value (57.51%, and 8.12 MJ/Kg DM, respectively) was obtained in wastelage with 10% CLE, which is statistically identical with 20% CLE. Therefore, it could be speculated that ensiling rice straw with up to 20% CLE improved the feeding value of wastelage.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2018, 4(3): 251-258

scholarly journals Increasing the biogas yield of a floating drum anaerobic digester using poultry droppings with banana (Musa Paradisiacal) peels

2020 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
K A Adeniran ◽  
A O Adeniran ◽  
T J Sanusi ◽  
D A Olasehinde
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Application of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1) for simulating full-scale anaerobic sewage sludge digestion

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shang ◽  
B.R. Johnson ◽  
R. Sieger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

A steady-state implementation of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) has been applied to the anaerobic digesters in two wastewater treatment plants. The two plants have a wastewater treatment capacity of 76,000 and 820,000 m3/day, respectively, with approximately 12 and 205 dry metric tons sludge fed to digesters per day. The main purpose of this study is to compare the ADM1 model results with full-scale anaerobic digestion performance. For both plants, the prediction of the steady-state ADM1 implementation using the suggested physico-chemical and biochemical parameter values was able to reflect the results from the actual digester operations to a reasonable degree of accuracy on all parameters. The predicted total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) concentration in the digested biosolids, as well as the digester volatile solids destruction (VSD), biogas production and biogas yield are within 10% of the actual digester data. This study demonstrated that the ADM1 is a powerful tool for predicting the steady-state behaviour of anaerobic digesters treating sewage sludges. In addition, it showed that the use of a whole wastewater treatment plant simulator for fractionating the digester influent into the ADM1 input parameters was successful.

By-products from cereal, sugar beet and potato processing

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Barber ◽  
C. R. Lonsdale
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Potato Processing ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
By Products

From just five industries in the United Kingdom — brewing, distilling, milling, sugar extraction and potato processing — at least 2.7 × 106 mega joules (MJ) of metabolizable energy (ME) and 4 × 105 tonnes of crude protein (CP) are available annually to livestock farming as by-products. This is equivalent to 1.6 × 106 tonnes of barley and 4.7 × 105 tonnes of soya bean meal, although in some cases nutrient density may differ somewhat from that found in barley or soya.A large proportion of the by-products available is already used in animal feeds, either djrectly by the farmer or through inclusion in compound feeds which are then used as components of balanced rations.The materials available are potentially alternative feedstuffs to conventional forages or concentrates. As such they will only form part of a balanced ration and it is in this context that their relative value and usefulness can be judged. In many investigations there has been a tendency to consider particular by-products in isolation and as a consequence any nutrient imbalance has been highlighted to the detriment of the material as an alternative feed. Very few straight feedstuffs contain ratios of nutrients balanced for particular levels of animal production and invariably rations for livestock consist of blends of different materials. Whilst extremes of nutrient imbalance may be identified in individual by-products they are, none the less, wholly suited to blending with other by-products or feeds of contrasting nutrient content in order to produce a completely balanced ration.

scholarly journals Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Peripolli ◽  
Ênio Rosa Prates ◽  
Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos ◽  
Cássio André Wilbert ◽  
Cláudia Medeiros Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeding has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.

scholarly journals The Metabolizable Energy of Wheat By-Products

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Dale
Keyword(s):  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
By Products
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