scholarly journals Effect of Spoilage on the Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Components of Ginger and Garlic

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Osaro-Matthew R. C. ◽  
Itaman V. O. ◽  
Kogonye J.
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Phytochemical Components

This study evaluated the effect of microbial spoilage on the phytochemical component and antimicrobial potential of Garlic (Alliums Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber offinale). The antimicrobial activities of both spoilt and un-spoilt Ginger and Garlic were assessed by measuring the inhibition zone diameter using agar well diffusion method. The result showed that both spoilt and un-spoilt samples were active against all test organisms with ethanolic extract of un-spoilt Garlic showing the highest activity against Staphylococcus sp. and Aspergillus sp with mean inhibition zone diameter (21.00mm and 21.50mm) respectively. Similarly the ethanolic extract of un-spoilt Ginger exhibited greatest activity against Staphylococcus sp. and Aspergillus sp with mean inhibition zone diameter (20.00Smm and 20.00mm) respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the samples revealed the absence of saponin in spoilt samples of both Ginger and Garlic while phenol and flavonoid became more prominent in the both spoilt samples. This study confirms that microbial degradation of some plant extracts does not affect the antimicrobial potential and suggest usage of these products even if spoilage is noticed.

scholarly journals Effect of Spoilage on the Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Components of Ginger and Garlic

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Osaro-Matthew R. C. ◽  
Itaman V. O. ◽  
Kogonye J.
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Phytochemical Components

This study evaluated the effect of microbial spoilage on the phytochemical component and antimicrobial potential of Garlic (Alliums Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber offinale). The antimicrobial activities of both spoilt and un-spoilt Ginger and Garlic were assessed by measuring the inhibition zone diameter using agar well diffusion method. The result showed that both spoilt and un-spoilt samples were active against all test organisms with ethanolic extract of un-spoilt Garlic showing the highest activity against Staphylococcus sp. and Aspergillus sp with mean inhibition zone diameter (21.00mm and 21.50mm) respectively. Similarly the ethanolic extract of un-spoilt Ginger exhibited greatest activity against Staphylococcus sp. and Aspergillus sp with mean inhibition zone diameter (20.00Smm and 20.00mm) respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the samples revealed the absence of saponin in spoilt samples of both Ginger and Garlic while phenol and flavonoid became more prominent in the both spoilt samples. This study confirms that microbial degradation of some plant extracts does not affect the antimicrobial potential and suggest usage of these products even if spoilage is noticed.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities from Gel Hand Sanitizer of Jatropha curcas Leaves Ethanolic Extract Against Staphylococcus aures ATCC 25923

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Erviana Vernanda Margaretha ◽  
Yohanes Juliantoni ◽  
Dyke Gita Wirasisya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Hand Sanitizer

Food borne disease is a disease with symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. The main cause of FBD was food contamination of Staphylococcus aureus. Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn) leave is a plant that have antibacterial activity against S. aureus because it contains saponin, flavonoid, and tannin. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas Linn. leaves, formulated them as gel hand sanitizer, and evaluated the antibacterial activity of the formula. The sample was collected, determined, and extracted with ethanol 70% using maceration, and the phytochemical screening conducted to the concentrate extract. The antibacterial activity test conducted by well diffusion method with concetration 50, 100, dan 150 mg/mL. Then the effective extract group has formulated to gel hand sanitizer. The gel hand sanitizer formula tested the antibacterial activity and physical properties by organoleptic, pH, stability, and spreadablility. The result showed that the extract with concentration 50, 100, dan 150 mg/mL has inhibition zone diameter was 9.9, 15.7, and 16.4 mm, respectively. The gel hand sanitizer of Jatropha curcas Linn extract was formulated by using 100 mg/mL concentration of extract. The gel was physically stable and had inhibition zone diameter was 15.6 mm

scholarly journals Antifungal and growths regulation activity of new metal-organic compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
O. V. Bashta ◽  
L. P. Pasichnyk ◽  
N. M. Voloshchuk ◽  
G. G. Repich ◽  
O. O. Zholob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Copper Complex ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chelate Complexes ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Metal Organic

The aim of present paper is to study the antifungal activity of the new platinum, palladium and copper chelate complexes with different organic ligands against Fusarium strains and to determine the influence of these compounds on the germination energy and seed germination of investigated grain crops. Methods. In vitro antifungal activities of new chelate complexes were studied by the agar disk diffusion method. New complexes were tested against pathogenic Fusarium strains such as — F. culmorum 3260/4, F. verticillioides and F. sporotrichioides. The toxic effect of new complexes was evaluated according to changes in germination power and seed germination of grain crops — winter wheat, vernal barley and maize. The determination of these characteristics was carried out in accordance with the standard demands. Results. Our results revealed that palladium complex H exhibited fungicidal activity against F. culmorum 3260/4 and fungistatic activity against F. verticillioides with growth inhibition zone diameter 25 mm ad 20 mm respectively. Copper complex 2 showed a moderate fungicidal effect against F. culmorum 3260/4 strain (inhibition zone diameter 12 mm). The treatment of grain crops seeds with the H and 2 complexes demonstrated the less toxicity than standard agent — commercial fungicide tebuconazol. These complexes had also less negative influence on the germination power for all test cultures than tebuconazol. Copper complex 2 showed a noticeable growth promoting effect on studied seeds compared to seeds under conditions without treatment. Conclusions. Thus, the studied complexes can be considered as promising antifungal agents with growth regulating properties. The directional modification of the complexes to obtain the more potent derivatives will be performed.Keywords: metal-organic compounds, antifungal, growths regulation activity.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Solvents to Extract Phytochemical Materials of Rhazya stricta Against Salmonella typhimurium Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Fazeli Nasab ◽  
Hasan Ahmadi ◽  
Mehrangiz Ghafari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Rhazya Stricta ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone

Background: The use of plant extracts prepared from medicinal plants is common in the developing countries. Meanwhile, due to the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, researchers are looking to discover new antimicrobials. Medicinal plants play an essential role in this regard. Objectives: This study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial properties of various extracts of Rhazya stricta plant against Salmonella typhimurium. Methods: Methanolic, aqueous, ethanolic, hydroalcoholic, and ethyl acetate extracts of R. stricta were prepared. S. typhimurium strains were isolated from poultry feces. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this plant. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone using was determined using Whatman paper. Results: The lowest MIC against S. typhimurium was obtained from the hydroalcoholic solvent with 3.1 ppm. The most effective extraction solvent to inhibit the growth of S. typhimurium was the hydroalcoholic type with an average growth inhibition zone diameter of 12.25 mm, followed by the ethanolic extract with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 12.12 mm. Conclusions: According to the results of research and increasing resistance to synthetic antibacterial substances, it seems that R. stricta plant with the help of hydroalcoholic solvent, can be considered an effective plant in eliminating some bacteria, including S. typhimurium.

scholarly journals Fluconazole Susceptibilities of Bloodstream Candidasp. Isolates as Determined by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Method M27-A and Two Other Methods

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2197-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Cantón ◽  
Javier Pemán ◽  
Alfonso Carrillo-Muñoz ◽  
Ana Orero ◽  
Pedro Ubeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The in vitro activity of fluconazole against 143Candida spp. obtained from the bloodstreams of 143 hospitalized patients from 1995 to 1997 was studied. Susceptibility tests were carried out by two macrodilution methods, the M27-A and a modified M27-A method (0.165 M, pH 7/morpholinepropanesulfonic acid-buffered RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 20 g ofd-dextrose per liter), and by the agar diffusion method (with 15-μg fluconazole [Neo-Sensitab] tablets). With 2 μg of fluconazole per ml, 96.92% of 65 C. albicans isolates, 86.2% of 58 C. parapsilosis isolates 7 of 8 C. tropicalis isolates, and 1 of 6 C. glabrata isolates were inhibited. Only one strain of C. albicans and one strain of C. tropicalis were resistant. The agreement between the two macrodilution methods was greater than 90% within ±2 log2 dilutions for all strains except C. glabrata (83.3%) and C. tropicalis(87.5%). Generally, MICs were 1 log2 dilution lower in glucose-supplemented RPMI 1640 medium. No correlation between zone sizes and MICs was found. All strains susceptible by the diffusion test were susceptible by the dilution method, but the converse was not necessarily true. Interestingly, inhibition zones were smaller forC. albicans, for which the geometric mean MIC was 0.29 μg/ml and the mean inhibition zone diameter was 25.7 mm, while for C. parapsilosis the geometric mean MIC was 0.96 μg/ml and the mean inhibition zone diameter was 31.52 mm. In conclusion, the two macrodilution methods give similar results. The modified M27-A method with 2% dextrose has the advantage of shortening the incubation time and simplifying the endpoint determination.

scholarly journals SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN RACUN AYAM (Brucea javanica [L.] Merr.) ASAL KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Sutomo Sutomo ◽  
◽  
Arnida Arnida ◽  
Fahriah Fahriah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Brucea Javanica

Racun ayam is one of the plants which has several activities in its fruits, one of which is an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of racun ayam leaves. The extraction was done by maceration method using ethanol as a solvent. Antibacterial activity assay was carried out on S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacteria by disk diffusion method at the concentrations of 80, 100, and 120 ppm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of B. javanica leaves had the greatest inhibition zone on E. coli with inhibition zone diameter values ​​at 80, 100, and 120 ppm were 11.7 mm, 14.5 mm and 19.67 mm respectively. Inhibition zones in S. aureus could only be seen at 100 and 120 ppm which had inhibition zone diameters at 1.17 mm and 2.17 mm respectively, whereas in P. aeruginosa they did not have any inhibitory zone values. The results of statistical analysis showed a significance of the inhibition zone diameter values ​​of E. coli bacteria starting at 80 ppm with a sig value of 0.034. Due to a sig value was <0.05, it was categorized as significantly different from the negative control. The bacteria of S. aureus which had ​​<0.05 for sig values only found on 100 ppm and 120 ppm. Bacteria P. aeruginosa which had sig value >0.05 was not significantly different at all concentrations

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Dan Propionibacterium acne

Media Farmasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Alfrida Monica Salasa ◽  
St Ratnah
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Peel Extract

Longan Fruit (Euphoria longan Stend) Peel Waste contains chemical compounds with antimicrobial activity, which are not fully utilized. The study aims to determine the inhibition of Longan Fruit Peel extract (Euphoria longan Stend) against Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acne. Furthermore, Longan fruit (Euphoria longan Stend) was dried and extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol, then tested for its antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion method at a concentration of 5% 7.5% and 10% w/v. The results showed that the average inhibition zone diameter for Candida albicans at 5% concentration was 14.33 mm, 7.5% concentration was 15.33 mm, and 10% concentration was 16.66 mm. Meanwhile, the inhibition zone diameter for Propionibacterium acne at a concentration of 5% w/v was 14.67 mm, 7.5% w/v was 16.67 mm, and 10% w/v was 18.33 mm. The Longan Fruit Peel Extract (Euphoria longan Stend) has antimicrobial activity tested against Candida albicans at a concentration of 7.5% w/v and 10% w/v for Propionibacterium acne. Keywords: Longan Fruit Peel Extract, Antimicrobial activity, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acneLimbah Kulit Buah Kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) mengandung senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba, namun sampai saat ini belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan daya hambat ekstrak Kulit Buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) terhadap Candida albicans dan Propionibacterium acne. Kulit buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) dikeringkan kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan Etanol 96% lalu diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya dengan metode difusi agar pada konsentrasi 5%; 7,5% dan 10%b/v. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan  rata-rata diameter zona hambat untuk Candida albicans pada konsnetrasi 5% sebesar 14,33 mm, konsentrasi 7,5% sebesar 15,33 mm, konsentrasi 10% sebesar 16,66 mm. Sedangkan diameter zona hambat untuk Propionibacterium acne pada konsentrasi 5% b/v sebesar 14,67 mm, 7,5% b/v sebesar 16,67 mm, dan  konsetrasi 10% b/v sebesar 18,33 mm  Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan Ekstrak Kulit Buah kelengkeng (Euphoria longan Stend) memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Candida albicans pada konsentrasi 7,5% b/v dan konsentrasi 10%b/v untuk Propionibacterium acne.Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kelengkeng, Aktivitas antimikroba, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acne

scholarly journals ELEMENTAL AND MEDICINAL EVALUATION OF THE LEAF EXTRACT OF PILOSTIGMA RETICULATUM (DC) HOCHST

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
O. Adeyanju ◽  
S. V. Francis ◽  
R. R. Ede ◽  
P.S. Jang ◽  
J.K. Bulus
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Elemental analysis, phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Pilostigma reticulatum (dc) Hochst were studied using paper disc diffusion method against Streptococcus pyogen, Escherichia coli and Salmonella thvpi. Elemental analysis of the plant sample revealed the presence of Ca (1.51 ± 0.01μg/g), Mg (0.43 ± 0.02μg/g). P (0.29 ± 0.01 μg/g), Mn (3.01 ± 0.01 μg/g), Fe (1.04 ± 0.01 μg/g), Zn (1.05 ± 0.02  and Cu was below detectable limit(BDL).The results of the antimicrobial studies indicated that the extracts inhibited the growth of one or more tested pathogens.The ethanolic extract showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates and terpenes. Anthraquinone and saponin were not present. Inhibition zone by the extract ranges from 4.0mm to 30mm.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges from 8.0 x102 µg/ml to 1x104 µg/ml. Pilostigma reticulatum leaf may be able to produce antimicrobial agents in drug delivery.

scholarly journals DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL Schismatoglottis sp. TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Fahri Bian ◽  
Febby E.F. Kandou ◽  
Marhaenus J. Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Paper Disk

DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL Schismatoglottis sp. TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coliABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun Schismatoglottis sp. terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Daya hambat ekstrak etanol Schismatoglottis sp. terhadap bakteri menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer, yaitu metode difusi dengan cakram kertas. Ekstrak etanol Schismatoglottis sp. menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus pada konsentrasi 60% dan 90% dengan diameter zona hambat 16,10 mm dan 31,33 mm serta  terhadap E. coli pada konsentrasi 30%, 60%, dan 90% dengan diameter zona hambat berturut-turut 11,72 mm, 16,38 mm, dan  29,27 mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol Schismatoglottis sp. terhadap S. aureus pada konsentrasi 60% dan 90% masing-masing memiliki kekautan antibakteri termasuk kategori kuat dan sangat kuat, sedangkan terhadap E. coli pada konsentrasi 30% dan 60%, memiliki kekuatan antibakteri kategoti kuat sedangkan pada konsentrasi 90% memiliki kekuatan antibakteri kategori sangat kuat. Kata kunci : Schismatoglottis sp, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli THE INHIBITION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Schismatoglottis sp. AGAINST BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli. ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the inhibition of ethanol extract of leaves Schismatoglottis sp. against S. aureus and E. coli. Inhibition of the ethanol extract of Schismatoglottis sp. against to bacterial using the Kirby-Bauer method, is the paper disk diffusion method. Schismatoglottis sp. ethanol extract inhibit the growth of S. aureus at a concentration of 60% and 90% inhibition zone with a diameter of 16.10 mm and 31.33 mm and against E. coli at a concentration of 30%, 60%, and 90% with inhibition zone diameter respectively 11, 72 mm, 16.38 mm and 29.27 mm. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract Schismatoglottis sp. against S. aureus at concentrations of 60% and 90% respectively have antibacterial kekautan categorized as strong and very strong, while against E. coli at a concentration of 30% and 60%, have a strong kategoti antibacterial strength while at a concentration of 90% has antibacterial strength very strong category. Keywords: Schismatoglottis sp, antibacterials, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Onion (Allium Cepa) And Garlic (Allium Sativum) On Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muibat Omotola Fashola ◽  
Bolanle Olaitan Opere ◽  
Gbemisola M. Saibu ◽  
Olorunjuwon O. Bello ◽  
Tobi Simeon Yovoyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter

Introduction: Many medicinal plants produce antioxidants and antimicrobial properties which protect the host from cellular oxidation reactions and other pathogens highlighting the importance of search for natural antimicrobial drugs. Method : The antibacterial activity of 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml aqueous extract of garlic and onion on S.aureus, S. Typhi,P. aeruginosa and E. coli isolates were carried out using agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous plant extract were measured by zones of inhibition and the antibiotic sensitivity test of the bacteria isolates was done using the disc diffusion method. Results: Inhibition zone diameter of 18 mm, 19 mm, 21 mm and 27 mm were observed for E.coli, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, and S.Typhi respectively using 100 mg/ml of garlic while for onion, 11.5 mm, 12 mm, 12 mm and 13 mm inhibition zone diameter were observed for the same bacteria isolates respectively. It was observed that the increase in concentration of garlic is needed for better antibacterial activity while increasing concentration does not have a significant effect on the antibacterial activity of onion. The results of the antibiotic tests showed that most of the tested organisms exhibited multiple drug resistance to the conventional antibiotics including cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, amoxillin, streptomycin and septrin. Conclusion: Garlic extract showed greater antimicrobial potential compared with onion extract and the widely used antibiotics. Thus, aqueous garlic extract may be more effective in the treatment of bacterial infections in order to overcomethe problem of multidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens.

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