Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Volume ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Landscape Indicators ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Surber Sampler ◽  
Malaise Traps ◽  
Benthic Zone

<i>Abstract.</i>—The applicability of catchment indicators for predicting aquatic invertebrate responses in both vertical and lateral dimensions of river ecosystems is poorly understood. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether landscape indicators can predict coupled benthic-hyporheic responses in river and riparian environments. To do so, we assessed the relationships between the proportion of crop fields, instream habitat conditions, and abundance of larval and adult Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa in (and from) benthic and hyporheic zones of a 15-km segment of the Satsunai River (catchment area: 725 km2), eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Invertebrates were collected using colonization traps (hyporheic taxa), Surber sampler (benthic taxa), and Malaise traps (adults). We first identified insect taxa belonging to each of the benthic dwellers (EPT, excluding chloroperlid Plectoptera) and hyporheic dwellers (chloroperlid Plectoptera) based on the relative unit-volume abundances in benthic zone (7-cm surficial part of riverbed) and hyporheic zone (30 and 50 cm deep). Nitrate concentration and total chlorophyll, the abundance of larval insects in both zones, and adult insects from the benthic zone increased with an increasing proportion of crop fields. In contrast, the abundance of adult invertebrates originating from the hyporheic zone maximized in the area with an intermediate proportion of crop fields. We attributed this disparity to the spatial variability in total availability of functional hyporheic habitat in a vertical dimension, which could not be explained by the abundance estimates on a unit-volume basis. Overall, the proportion of crop fields in a catchment can be used to predict numerically similar (coupled) abundance responses of EPT larvae in river benthic and hyporheic zones. Furthermore, the use of landscape indicators in predicting coupled benthic-hyporheic responses in the riparian zone can be improved with information on the vertical extent of functional hyporheic habitat.

Effects of riffle–step restoration on hyporheic zone chemistry in N-rich lowland streams

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamao Kasahara ◽  
Alan R Hill
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Exchange Flow ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Lowland Streams ◽  
Hyporheic Zones

Stream restoration projects that aim to rehabilitate ecosystem health have not considered surface–subsurface linkages, although stream water and groundwater interaction has an important role in sustaining stream ecosystem functions. The present study examined the effect of constructed riffles and a step on hyporheic exchange flow and chemistry in restored reaches of several N-rich agricultural and urban streams in southern Ontario. Hydrometric data collected from a network of piezometers and conservative tracer releases indicated that the constructed riffles and steps were effective in inducing hyporheic exchange. However, despite the use of cobbles and boulders in the riffle construction, high stream dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were depleted rapidly with depth into the hyporheic zones. Differences between observed and predicted nitrate concentrations based on conservative ion concentration patterns indicated that these hyporheic zones were also nitrate sinks. Zones of low hydraulic conductivity and the occurrence of interstitial fines in the restored cobble-boulder layers suggest that siltation and clogging of the streambed may reduce the downwelling of oxygen- and nitrate-rich stream water. Increases in streambed DO levels and enhancement of habitat for hyporheic fauna that result from riffle–step construction projects may only be temporary in streams that receive increased sediment and nutrient inputs from urban areas and croplands.

scholarly journals Impact of Bed Form Celerity on Oxygen Dynamics in the Hyporheic Zone

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Wolke ◽  
Yoni Teitelbaum ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Jörg Lewandowski ◽  
Shai Arnon
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Oxygen Distribution ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Bed Form ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Oxygen Dynamics

Oxygen distribution and uptake in the hyporheic zone regulate various redox-sensitive reactions and influence habitat conditions. Despite the fact that fine-grain sediments in streams and rivers are commonly in motion, most studies on biogeochemistry have focused on stagnant sediments. In order to evaluate the effect of bed form celerity on oxygen dynamics and uptake in sandy beds, we conducted experiments in a recirculating indoor flume. Oxygen distribution in the bed was measured under various celerities using 2D planar optodes. Bed morphodynamics were measured by a surface elevation sensor and time-lapse photography. Oxygenated zones in stationary beds had a conchoidal shape due to influx through the stoss side of the bed form, and upwelling anoxic water at the lee side. Increasing bed celerity resulted in the gradual disappearance of the upwelling anoxic zone and flattening of the interface between the oxic (moving fraction of the bed) and the anoxic zone (stationary fraction of the bed), as well as in a reduction of the volumetric oxygen uptake rates due shortened residence times in the hyporheic zone. These results suggest that including processes related to bed form migration are important for understanding the biogeochemistry of hyporheic zones.

scholarly journals Deterministic influences exceed dispersal effects on hydrologically-connected microbiomes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily B. Graham ◽  
Alex R. Crump ◽  
Charles T. Resch ◽  
Sarah Fansler ◽  
Evan Arntzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Water Mixing ◽  
Riverine Ecosystem ◽  
Water Intrusion ◽  
Hyporheic Zones

SummarySubsurface groundwater-surface water mixing zones (hyporheic zones) have enhanced biogeochemical activity, but assembly processes governing subsurface microbiomes remain a critical uncertainty in understanding hyporheic biogeochemistry. To address this obstacle, we investigated (a) biogeographical patterns in attached and waterborne microbiomes across three hydrologically-connected, physicochemically-distinct zones (inland hyporheic, nearshore hyporheic, and river); (b) assembly processes that generated these patterns; (c) groups of organisms that corresponded to deterministic changes in the environment; and (d) correlations between these groups and hyporheic metabolism. All microbiomes remained dissimilar through time, but consistent presence of similar taxa suggested dispersal and/or common selective pressures among zones. Further, we demonstrated a pronounced impact of deterministic assembly in all microbiomes as well as seasonal shifts from heterotrophic to autotrophic microorganisms associated with increases in groundwater discharge. The abundance of one statistical cluster of organisms increased with active biomass and respiration, revealing organisms that may strongly influence hyporheic biogeochemistry. Based on our results, we propose a conceptualization of hyporheic zone metabolism in which increased organic carbon concentrations during surface water intrusion support heterotrophy, which succumbs to autotrophy under groundwater discharge. These results provide new opportunities to enhance microbially-explicit ecosystem models describing hyporheic zone biogeochemistry and its influence over riverine ecosystem function.Originality-Significance StatementSubsurface zones of groundwater and surface water mixing (hyporheic zones) are hotspots of biogeochemical activity and strongly influence carbon, nutrient and contaminant dynamics within riverine ecosystems. Hyporheic zone microbiomes are responsible for up to 95% of riverine ecosystem respiration, yet the ecology of these microbiomes remains poorly understood. While significant progress is being made in the development of microbially-explicit ecosystem models, poor understanding of hyporheic zone microbial ecology impedes development of such models in this critical zone. To fill the knowledge gap, we present a comprehensive analysis of biogeographical patterns in hyporheic microbiomes as well as the ecological processes that govern their composition and function through space and time. Despite pronounced hydrologic connectivity throughout the hyporheic zone—and thus a strong potential for dispersal—we find that ecological selection deterministically governs microbiome composition within local environments, and we identify specific groups of organisms that correspond to seasonal changes in hydrology. Based on our results, we propose a conceptual model for hyporheic zone metabolism in which comparatively high-organic C conditions during surface water intrusion into the hyporheic zone support heterotrophic metabolisms that succumb to autotrophy during time periods of groundwater discharge. These results provide new opportunities to develop microbially-explicit ecosystem models that incorporate the hyporheic zone and its influence over riverine ecosystem function.

scholarly journals Hyporheic hydraulic geometry: Conceptualizing relationships among hyporheic exchange, storage, and water age

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262080
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Poole ◽  
S. Kathleen Fogg ◽  
Scott J. O’Daniel ◽  
Byron E. Amerson ◽  
Ann Marie Reinhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Hydraulic Geometry ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Hyporheic exchange is now widely acknowledged as a key driver of ecosystem processes in many streams. Yet stream ecologists have been slow to adopt nuanced hydrologic frameworks developed and applied by engineers and hydrologists to describe the relationship between water storage, water age, and water balance in finite hydrosystems such as hyporheic zones. Here, in the context of hyporheic hydrology, we summarize a well-established mathematical framework useful for describing hyporheic hydrology, while also applying the framework heuristically to visualize the relationships between water age, rates of hyporheic exchange, and water volume within hyporheic zones. Building on this heuristic application, we discuss how improved accuracy in the conceptualization of hyporheic exchange can yield a deeper understanding of the role of the hyporheic zone in stream ecosystems. Although the equations presented here have been well-described for decades, our aim is to make the mathematical basis as accessible as possible and to encourage broader understanding among aquatic ecologists of the implications of tailed age distributions commonly observed in water discharged from and stored within hyporheic zones. Our quantitative description of “hyporheic hydraulic geometry,” associated visualizations, and discussion offer a nuanced and realistic understanding of hyporheic hydrology to aid in considering hyporheic exchange in the context of river and stream ecosystem science and management.

scholarly journals Is the Hyporheic Zone Relevant beyond the Scientific Community?

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Lewandowski ◽  
Shai Arnon ◽  
Eddie Banks ◽  
Okke Batelaan ◽  
Andrea Betterle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Reactive Interface ◽  
River Corridors

Rivers are important ecosystems under continuous anthropogenic stresses. The hyporheic zone is a ubiquitous, reactive interface between the main channel and its surrounding sediments along the river network. We elaborate on the main physical, biological, and biogeochemical drivers and processes within the hyporheic zone that have been studied by multiple scientific disciplines for almost half a century. These previous efforts have shown that the hyporheic zone is a modulator for most metabolic stream processes and serves as a refuge and habitat for a diverse range of aquatic organisms. It also exerts a major control on river water quality by increasing the contact time with reactive environments, which in turn results in retention and transformation of nutrients, trace organic compounds, fine suspended particles, and microplastics, among others. The paper showcases the critical importance of hyporheic zones, both from a scientific and an applied perspective, and their role in ecosystem services to answer the question of the manuscript title. It identifies major research gaps in our understanding of hyporheic processes. In conclusion, we highlight the potential of hyporheic restoration to efficiently manage and reactivate ecosystem functions and services in river corridors.

scholarly journals Estimating Hydrothermal Properties and High-Frequency Fluxes From Geophysical Measurements in the Hyporheic Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cucchi ◽  
Nicolas Flipo ◽  
Agnès Rivière ◽  
Yoram N. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Heat Exchanges ◽  
Dynamic Exchange

Located in the critical zone at the intersection between surface water and groundwater, hyporheic zones (HZ) host a variety of hydrological, biological and biogeochemical processes regulating water availability and quality and sustaining riverine ecosystems. However, difficulty in quantifying water fluxes along this interface has limited our understanding of these processes, in particular under dynamic flow conditions where rapid variations can impact large-scale HZ biogeochemical function. In this study, we introduce an innovative measurement assimilation chain for determining uncertainty-quantified hydraulic and thermal HZ properties, as well as associated uncertainty-quantified high-frequency water fluxes. The chain consists in the assimilation of data collected with the LOMOS-mini geophysical device with a process-based, Bayesian approach. The application of this approach on a synthetic case study shows that hydraulic and thermal HZ properties can be estimated from LOMOS-mini measurements, their identifiability depending on the Peclet number – summarizing the hydrological and thermal regime. Hydraulic conductivity values can be estimated with precision when greater than ~10−5m · s−1 when other HZ properties are unknown, with decreasing uncertainty when other HZ properties are known prior to starting the LOMOS-mini measurement assimilation procedure. Water fluxes can be estimated in all regimes with varying accuracy, highest accuracy is reached for fluxes greater than ~10−6m · s−1, except under highly conductive exfiltration regimes. We apply the methodology on in situ datasets by deriving uncertainty-quantified HZ properties and water fluxes for 2 data points collected during field campaigns. This study demonstrates that the LOMOS-mini monitoring technology can be used as complete and stand-alone sampling solution for quantifying water and heat exchanges under dynamic exchange conditions (time resolution &lt; 15 min).

scholarly journals Quantifying nutrient fluxes with a new hyporheic passive flux meter (HPFM)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Vanessa Kunz ◽  
Michael D. Annable ◽  
Jaehyun Cho ◽  
Wolf von Tümpling ◽  
Kirk Hatfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Passive Flux Meter

Abstract. The hyporheic zone is a hotspot of biogeochemical turnover and nutrient removal in running waters. However, nutrient fluxes through the hyporheic zone are highly variable in time and locally heterogeneous. Resulting from the lack of adequate methodologies to obtain representative long-term measurements, our quantitative knowledge on transport and turnover in this important transition zone is still limited.In groundwater systems passive flux meters, devices which simultaneously detect horizontal water and solute flow through a screen well in the subsurface, are valuable tools for measuring fluxes of target solutes and water through those ecosystems. Their functioning is based on accumulation of target substances on a sorbent and concurrent displacement of a resident tracer which is previously loaded on the sorbent.Here we evaluate the applicability of this methodology for investigating water and nutrient fluxes in hyporheic zones. Based on laboratory experiments we developed hyporheic passive flux meters (HPFMs) with a length of 50 cm which were separated in 5–7 segments allowing for vertical resolution of horizontal nutrient and water transport. The HPFMs were tested in a 7 day field campaign including simultaneous measurements of oxygen and temperature profiles and manual sampling of pore water. The results highlighted the advantages of the novel method: with HPFMs, cumulative values for the average N and P flux during the complete deployment time could be captured. Thereby the two major deficits of existing methods are overcome: first, flux rates are measured within one device instead of being calculated from separate measurements of water flow and pore-water concentrations; second, time-integrated measurements are insensitive to short-term fluctuations and therefore deliver more representable values for overall hyporheic nutrient fluxes at the sampling site than snapshots from grab sampling. A remaining limitation to the HPFM is the potential susceptibility to biofilm growth on the resin, an issue which was not considered in previous passive flux meter applications. Potential techniques to inhibit biofouling are discussed based on the results of the presented work. Finally, we exemplarily demonstrate how HPFM measurements can be used to explore hyporheic nutrient dynamics, specifically nitrate uptake rates, based on the measurements from our field test. Being low in costs and labour effective, many flux meters can be installed in order to capture larger areas of river beds. This novel technique has therefore the potential to deliver quantitative data which are required to answer unsolved questions about transport and turnover of nutrients in hyporheic zones.

scholarly journals Geochemical Controls on Release and Speciation of Fe(II) and Mn(II) From Hyporheic Sediments of East River, Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenming Dong ◽  
Amrita Bhattacharyya ◽  
Patricia M. Fox ◽  
Markus Bill ◽  
Dipankar Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
East River ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Subsurface Environments ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Geochemical Controls

Hyporheic zones act as critical ecological links between terrestrial and aquatic systems where redox-sensitive metals of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) significantly impact nutrient cycling and water quality. However, the geochemical controls on the release and speciation of Fe(II) and Mn(II) in these biogeochemical hotspots are still poorly understood. Here we conducted batch incubation experiments and analyzed Fe K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy data using sediment samples from a hyporheic zone of the East River floodplain in Colorado to understand the production, release and speciation of Fe(II) and Mn(II) in groundwater. Our results indicate that the production and release of Fe(II) and Mn(II) vary with sediment reducing conditions and subsurface positions, and the rates were determined either by a zero- or first-order rate equation. The sediments with higher Fe(II) production did not necessarily result in higher release of dissolved Fe(II), and ≥97% Fe(II) is accumulated in solid phase. We found that the majority of Fe(II) exists as siderite (FeCO3), Fe(II)-natural organic matter (NOM) complexes and ferrosmectite, and the equilibrium concentrations of dissolved Fe(II) are controlled primarily by siderite solubility, and enhanced greatly by formation of strong Fe(II)-NOM complexes as dominant aqueous Fe(II) species. By contract, dissolved Mn(II) increases slowly and linearly, and an equilibrium concentration was not reached during the incubation period, and the roles of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and Mn(II)-NOM complexes are insignificant. Furthermore, we reviewed and calibrated the literature reported binding constants (log K) of Fe(II)-NOM complexes which successfully predicted our experimental data. This work reveals that siderite and dissolved NOM are the controlling phases in release and speciation of dissolved Fe(II), and the finding is expected to be applicable in many hyporheic zones and subsurface environments with similar geochemical conditions.

Redescription of Diacyclops nearcticus (Kiefer, 1934) and description of four similar new congeners from North America, with comments on D. crassicaudis (G. O. Sars, 1863) and D. crassicaudis var. brachycercus (Kiefer, 1927) (Crustacea: Copepoda)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1445-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Previous Record ◽  
Hyporheic Zones ◽  
Probable Type

Diacyclops nearcticus is redescribed from the type specimen, collected in Massachusetts, U.S.A. Four similar new congeners, some previously mistaken for D. nearcticus, are described from the U.S.A. and Canada. Diacyclops harryi n.sp. occurred in seeps, wells, an acid bog, a pitcher plant, and stream hyporheic zones in the District of Columbia, Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Diacyclops chrisae n.sp. was collected from the groundwater of Wye Island, Maryland, with a probable record from the hyporheic zone of a stream in Ontario. Diacyclops sororum n.sp. occurred in drift in streams in Virginia and Texas. Diacyclops alabamensis n.sp. was collected from a well in Alabama. A previous record of D. nearcticus from Missouri could not be confirmed. Some morphological details of the probable type specimens of D. crassicaudis var. brachycercus and of a specimen of D. crassicaudis s.str. from Saskatchewan are presented. North American records of D. crassicaudis s.str. and D. crassicaudis var. brachycercus are reviewed.

scholarly journals Two New Species of Parastenocaris (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from a Hyporheic Zone and Overview of the Present Knowledge on Stygobiotic Copepoda in Vietnam

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Son Tran ◽  
Mau Trinh-Dang ◽  
Anton Brancelj
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Apical Seta ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Caudal Rami

The number of freshwater species belonging to the genus Parastenocaris reported from ten countries of Southeast Asia is quite limited. Only two species have been reported so far from freshwater habitats there, compared to over 290 described species of the family Parastenocarididae worldwide. During the first study of the hyporheic zone of two small rivers in central Vietnam, two new species of the family Parastenocarididae were collected, Parastenocaris sontraensis sp. nov. and Parastencaris vugiaensis sp. nov. Both were collected from the gravel bar along the rivers (Suoi Da and Vu Gia river) using the Karaman–Chappuis method. Both the new species belong to the brevipes group of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913 sensu Lang (1948), and Reid (1995). Parastenocaris sontraensis sp. nov. is similar to P. hinumaensis Kikuchi, 1970 and Parastenocaris jane Karanovic, 2006 in the brevipes-group. Parastenocaris sontraensis sp. nov. differs from both Parastenocaris species by (i) Exp P3 with three segments in the male, (ii) caudal rami with seven setae, and (iii) caudal rami about 2.4 times as long as wide. Parastencaris vugiaensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the unique combination of the following characters: (i) the elliptical shape of caudal rami, (ii) apical seta (V) with bulbous base, and (iii) anal operculum extends beyond the end of anal somite. Until now, 14 stygobiotic species of Copepoda have been recorded in Vietnam (including two new species in this paper), which is relatively few compared with nearby Thailand with 25 species. Short comments on other stygobiotic Copepoda from Vietnam are added.

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