scholarly journals THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE SYSTEM CURVE FOR WATER PIPELINE CONNECTING ZAWIA DESALINATION PLANT WITH HARSHA TANKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Abdulmenam A. Abdalla ◽  
Ali K. Muftah ◽  
Ahmed O. Amhamed
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
System Flow ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
The Right

The flow of water within a pipeline system causes loss of energy due to friction effects. To overcome these losses, energy is added to the water through the pump. So, the right pump selection is important for providing the required flow rate. The first step to select a right pump for any pipeline system is calculating the performance curve of piping system, which is a graphical representation of the energy required to move a given flow rate through a piping system and is used to identify the characteristics of the system's pump. For this purpose, the system curve for the water pipeline connecting the main reservoirs of Zawia desalination plant to the sub-tanks in Harsha has been evaluated and represented graphically in H-Q curve of the selected pump. This water pipeline network consists of sets of pipes connected in parallel and series with a total length of 5 km. The system NPSHA at different water levels in the suction tank at the maximum system flow rate of 800 (m3/hr) has been calculated to ensure avoiding cavitations problem in the selected pump.

Disequilibrium 1: Potential Gradients and Flows

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides

As in Chapter 2, so again here the intention is to review ideas that are already familiar, rather than to introduce the unfamiliar; to build a springboard, but not yet to leap off into space. The familiar idea is of flow down a gradient—water running downhill. Parallels are electric current in a wire, salt diffusing inland from the sea, heat flowing from the fevered brow into the cool windowpane, and helium diffusing through the membrane of a helium balloon. For any of these, we can imagine a linear relation: . . . Flow rate across a unit area = (conductivity) x (driving gradient) . . . where the conductivity retains a constant value, and if the other two quantities change, they do so in a strictly proportional way. Real life is not always so simple, but this relation serves to introduce the right quantities, some suitable units and some orders of magnitude. For present purposes, the second and fourth of the examples listed are the most relevant. To make comparison easier we imagine a barrier through which salt can diffuse and through which water can percolate, but we imagine circumstances such that only one process occurs at a time. Specifically, imagine a lagoon separated from the ocean by a manmade dike of gravel and sand 4 m thick, as in Figure 3.1. If the lagoon is full of seawater but the water levels on the two sides of the dike are unequal, water will percolate through the dike, whereas if the levels are the same and the dike is saturated but the lagoon is fresh water, salt will diffuse through but there will be no bulk flow of water. (More correctly, because seawater and fresh water have different densities, and because of other complications, the condition of no net water flow would be achieved in circumstances a little different from what was just stated. For present purposes all we need is the idea that conditions exist where water does not percolate but salt does diffuse.) For flow of water driven by a pressure gradient, suitable units are shown in the upper part of Table 3.1 and for diffusion of salt driven by a concentration gradient, suitable units are shown in the lower part.

NON-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE TRANSPORTATION IN SIMPLIFIED PIPELINE SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zamani Ngali ◽  
Kahar Osman ◽  
Nazri Huzaimi Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Solid Sphere ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Particle Weight

Sustainable preservation of pipeline system that deal with particle transportation is more appealing these days. In petroleum industries for instance, sand transported through the pipelines pose serious problems ranging from blockage, corrosion, abrasion and reduction in pipe efficiency to loss of pipe integrity. Accurate four-dimensional simulation that caters the transient effect of the phenomena is used to promote sustainability in design, evaluation and maintenance procedures. This is employed to minimize conventional practices which are costly and inefficient. This work demonstrates the advantages of applying four-dimensional Splitting Fluid-Particle Solver to simulate particle transportation within a simplified pipeline system. Single-phase fluid with solid sphere particles are the assumptions while drift and gravitational forces are taken into account. Effect of fluid flow rate and particle weight alterations are observed within vertical curled and 2-1-2 segmental pipeline. Flow rate variation on multiple inputs shows that proper simulation is essential in order to predict fluid flow behavior prior to pipeline construction. Particle weight variation shows that simulation can lead to better prediction of potential areas of blockage, corrosion, abrasion and other piping system issues. This work proves that four-dimensional simulation can promote sustainability, cost effectiveness and efficiency of pipeline system management. 

Novel Metamaterial-Based Foundation Concept Applied to a Coupled Tank-Pipeline System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Wenzel ◽  
Francesco Basone ◽  
Oreste S. Bursi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Spherical Bearing ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fluid Levels

The recent advance of seismic metamaterials has led to various concepts for the attenuation of seismic waves. A particularly promising type of material is the locally resonant metamaterial, which is capable of attenuating seismic waves at wave lengths much greater than the dimensions of its unit cells. Based on this concept, the so called Metafoundation has been design. It is able to protect a fuel storage tank from ground motions at various fluid levels. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed design, the response of the Metafoundation is compared to the response of a tank on a traditional concrete foundation. The design process of conceiving the Metafoundation, optimizing it for a specific tank, and its seismic response are described herein. Furthermore, the response of a tank during a seismic event can cause severe damages to pipelines connected to the tank. This phenomenon can be of critical importance for the design of a seismic tank protection and must be treated with care. Since the coupled structure (tank+foundation+pipeline) exerts highly non-linear behavior, due to the complexity of the piping system, a laboratory experiment has been conducted. More precisely, a hybrid simulation that uses the Metafoundation and a tank as a numerical substructure (NS) and a piping system as a physical substructure (PS) was employed. In order to make the results relatable to the current state of the art, additional experiments were performed with concave spherical bearing devices (CSBs) as an isolation system in the NS. While the Metafoundation performed better than the CSB isolated structure for some records, a clear advantage could not be concluded. However, the Metafoundation offers a clear attenuation of tank stresses and may potentially mitigate also piping stresses when tuned to the right frequency in the future.

The Numerical and Experimental Investigation Into Hydraulic Characteristics of a No-Load Running Check Valve due to Fluid-Structure Interaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-yuan Zhang ◽  
Zhi-jun Shuai ◽  
Chen-xing Jiang ◽  
Wan-you Li ◽  
Jie Jian
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Check Valve ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Excited Vibration

Valve is a very important unit in pipeline system. The valve flow fluctuation brings about structural vibration and unpopular noise, and even leads to the safety problems and disasters. In this paper, a special no-load running check valve is investigated. The check valve is structural complex with one inlet and two outlets. It can be simplified as a spring-mass system which manipulates the flow rate by combine action of the ambient pressure of medium and the spring deformation. The three-dimensional model of the valve is established and also the relationship between pressure drops and flow rate of the valve is obtained in various openings and operating conditions. The structure modals were verified by the field tests and thus its fixing boundaries are obtained correctly. The mechanism causing self-excited vibration of a piping system is determined using a dynamic model which couples the hydraulics of internal flow with the structural motion of a three-ports passive check valve. The coupling is obtained by making the fluid flow coefficient at the check valve to be a function of valve plug displacement. The results are compared with the experimental data, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical results. It is shown that the special valve has its own hydraulic characteristics, which greatly influence its flow distribution as it has two outlets. It was also testified that the coupling between fluid and structure changes its natural frequencies and has a non-negligible impact on the pressure fluctuation while working.

scholarly journals Ensuring the Required Potable Water Temperature in Water Pipeline Inside Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Macková ◽  
Jana Peráčková
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technical Measures

The paper deals with the requirements of the potable water cold temperature and water exchange in water piping system inside buildings. The contribution describes the main factors influencing the hygiene of potable water in terms of its temperature and a exchange in the pipeline. In buildings, the resulting water hygienic risks can be reduced using the right technical solution. The technical measures described in the paper are usage of the automatic water flushing system, design of the potable water cold circulation and cooling system and optimization of the water pipeline distribution system inside buildings.

scholarly journals Test of measurement device for the estimation of leakage flow rate in pneumatic pipeline systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 514-527
Author(s):  
Ryszard Dindorf ◽  
Piotr Wos
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Automatic Measuring ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
Leakage Flow Rate ◽  
Leak Testing

Background: Indirect measurements of flow rate serve to determine air consumption, leakage values and characteristics of compressed air systems (CASs). Method: A new method of indirect flow rate measurement in a pneumatic pipeline system was developed. The method enables to measure the controlled leakage in a branch line and was used to construct automatic measuring systems auditing the compressed air systems piping. Results: First, the leak-testing instrument LT-I 200 was designed, constructed, and tested as portable measurement device for the estimation of air leakage flow rate in pneumatic pipeline system. Next, based on the authors’ patent, the automatic measuring system for the measurement of the leakage flow rate in industrial compressed air piping was developed. Conclusion: The measurement device was used to estimate of the leakage flow rate and cost of the energy losses in the compressed air piping system.

Behind Closed Doors; Pipeline Closures and Traps Revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemantkumar Solanki ◽  
Pradip Variya
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Pressure Equipment

Abstract Pipeline doors or “closures” are commonplace in the pipeline industry, providing access to the pipeline as well as to high-pressure equipment associated with the pipeline such as filters, separators, strainers, etc. Despite their prevalence, the importance of closures to the safe and efficient operation of a pipeline system is often overlooked. Recent changes in closure definitions and terminology warrant a review of the systems, applicable standards, designs and considerations related to choosing a closure for a desired purpose. Closure can be defined differently, one definition, for example, is a pressure-containing component used to blind off an opening nozzle on a vessel or end of pipeline which could mean simply a bolted blind flange, a T-bolt cap. Others define a “quick-opening” closure as a pressure-containing component used for repeated access to the interior of a piping system. So clearly there are several ways the current codes can be interpreted, but what does it all mean? In addition to the changes in definitions and terminology on the closures, during the design of the traps, many different codes and standards may be applied. Both the product that will be transported and where the equipment will be located can impact on the materials and the design of the traps. This can include the transitions from one design code to another, commonly referred to as breaks in the specifications, or “spec breaks”. This paper will focus on quick-actuating and quick-opening closures, presenting a history of pipeline closures from the early development to recent innovations. Also, the paper will address the issue of spec breaks and how designers and owners can benefit from the right choices for safe, cost effective and code compliant launch and receive facilities.

High Efficient Viscoelastic Damper for Heavy Trucks

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Fei Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ling Liu ◽  
Yong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Viscous Damping ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Viscoelastic Damper ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Damper Design

In this paper, a new viscoelastic damper design for heavy trucks is presented and a calculation formula of viscous damping force considering the effect of Viscoelastic Fluids (VF) flow rate is carried out. By numerically simulating this equation, curves of the viscoelastic damper performance curve is obtained, and the results show that theoretical calculation result and the test results are well consistent, with the exception at the start point. Theoretical curves are more plumpness in compared with test curves.

Seismic Damage Assessment of Urban Water Supply Pipeline

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 723-726
Author(s):  
Jian Qun Jiang ◽  
Xiao Wen Yao ◽  
Yi Ting Lu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Seismic Damage Assessment ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
Ground Condition ◽  
Water Supply Pipeline

Water supply pipeline system is a key issue in urban lifeline engineering, and the seismic assessment for the system damage is of significant importance. In this study, method of seismic damage assessment on underground water supply pipeline is introduced. With emphasis on the uncertainties of earthquake level, ground condition, soil-pipe interaction and capacity to resist pipe deformation in longitudinal direction, the check point method is applied to the reliability study of water pipeline, and a case study is presented to show the implementation of the proposed model.

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