scholarly journals HYBRID BINARIZTION TECHNIQUE FOR HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS

2012 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Rajan Goyal ◽  
Amandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Wiener Filter ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Uniform Illumination ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
Degraded Document ◽  
Distinct Method ◽  
Surface Calculation

This paper presents a new hybrid approach for the binarization and enhancement of Historical Manuscript. This paper deals with degradations which occur due to shadows, non-uniform illumination, low contrast and strain. We follow two distinct method of Binarization with a pre-processing procedure using a adaptive Wiener filter, a rough estimation of foreground regions and a background surface calculation by interpolating neighboring background intensities. Further logical anding of the calculated background surface with compliment of second method result, performing final thresholding and post-processing in order to improve the quality of text regions. After extensive experiments, our method demonstrated superior performance against some wellknown techniques on numerous degraded document images as well as on Historical Manuscript in both manners qualitatively and quantitatively.

scholarly journals Degraded Historical Document Binarization: A Review on Issues, Challenges, Techniques, and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman ◽  
Omar ◽  
Nasrudin
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Image Binarization ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Digital Formats ◽  
Degraded Document ◽  
Document Binarization

In this era of digitization, most hardcopy documents are being transformed into digital formats. In the process of transformation, large quantities of documents are stored and preserved through electronic scanning. These documents are available from various sources such as ancient documentation, old legal records, medical reports, music scores, palm leaf, and reports on security-related issues. In particular, ancient and historical documents are hard to read due to their degradation in terms of low contrast and existence of corrupted artefacts. In recent times, degraded document binarization has been studied widely and several approaches were developed to deal with issues and challenges in document binarization. In this paper, a comprehensive review is conducted on the issues and challenges faced during the image binarization process, followed by insights on various methods used for image binarization. This paper also discusses the advanced methods used for the enhancement of degraded documents that improves the quality of documents during the binarization process. Further discussions are made on the effectiveness and robustness of existing methods, and there is still a scope to develop a hybrid approach that can deal with degraded document binarization more effectively.

Hybrid Approach to Integrated QoS Capable Protocols for Wireless LANs

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Lagkas
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Resource Assignment ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Access Scheme ◽  
Wireless Environment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hybrid Coordination ◽  
Coordination Function

The recent evolution of wireless networking has led the market to increased service demands. Thus, the emerged necessity is to develop specialized mechanisms that provide efficient QoS (Quality of Service) for both traditional and modern network applications in the challenging wireless environment. The respective IEEE proposal comes from the 802.11e workgroup which has developed the Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF). HCF is definitely capable of providing QoS, however, it exhibits significant limitations. This work presents an alternative protocol with improved behavior and performance. The Priority Oriented Hybrid Access (POHA) is a complete channel access mechanism able to provide integrated QoS for all types of traffic and network applications. POHA combines a polling based and a TDMA access scheme, adapts to the dynamic conditions of modern WLANs, improves channel utilization and station feedback, provides medium contention fairness, eliminates collisions, differentiates traffic based on priorities, supports dynamic resource assignment, and instantly negotiates the quality levels of the offered traffic streams trying to support multiple streams with best possible quality. POHA, compared with HCF, exhibits generally superior performance.

scholarly journals Low-Light Image Enhancement Based on Multi-Path Interaction

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 4986
Author(s):  
Bai Zhao ◽  
Xiaolin Gong ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Lingchao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Uniform Illumination ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Better Than

Due to the non-uniform illumination conditions, images captured by sensors often suffer from uneven brightness, low contrast and noise. In order to improve the quality of the image, in this paper, a multi-path interaction network is proposed to enhance the R, G, B channels, and then the three channels are combined into the color image and further adjusted in detail. In the multi-path interaction network, the feature maps in several encoding–decoding subnetworks are used to exchange information across paths, while a high-resolution path is retained to enrich the feature representation. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the possible unnatural results caused by the separation of the R, G, B channels, the output of the multi-path interaction network is corrected in detail to obtain the final enhancement results. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the visual quality of low-light images, and the performance is better than the state-of-the-art methods.

Resistance Monitor and Control for Vacuum Evaporation of Metals and Carbon

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe ◽  
J. Michael Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Variable Resistor ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Evaporation Source ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Will

We have designed and built an electronic device which compares the resistance of a defined area of vacuum evaporated material with a variable resistor. When the two resistances are matched, the device automatically disconnects the primary side of the substrate transformer and stops further evaporation.This approach to controlled evaporation in conjunction with the modified guns and evaporation source permits reliably reproducible multiple Pt shadow films from a single Pt wrapped carbon point source. The reproducibility from consecutive C point sources is also reliable. Furthermore, the device we have developed permits us to select a predetermined resistance so that low contrast high-resolution shadows, heavy high contrast shadows, or any grade in between can be selected at will. The reproducibility and quality of results are demonstrated in Figures 1-4 which represent evaporations at various settings of the variable resistor.

Pre-Processing of Hyperspectral Images Using Nonlinear Filters

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
V. Behar ◽  
V. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Spectral Correlation ◽  
Edge Preserving ◽  
Improvement Factor ◽  
Filter Output ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Processing Procedure

Abstract In this paper the use of a set of nonlinear edge-preserving filters is proposed as a pre-processing stage with the purpose to improve the quality of hyperspectral images before object detection. The capability of each nonlinear filter to improve images, corrupted by spatially and spectrally correlated Gaussian noise, is evaluated in terms of the average Improvement factor in the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (IPSNR), estimated at the filter output. The simulation results demonstrate that this pre-processing procedure is efficient only in case the spatial and spectral correlation coefficients of noise do not exceed the value of 0.6

scholarly journals Retinal Vessel Segmentation by Deep Residual Learning with Wide Activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuliang Ma ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiaopeng Duan ◽  
Yun Peng ◽  
Yingchun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Vessel Segmentation ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Retinal Blood Vessel ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Blood Vessel Segmentation ◽  
Small Vessels

Purpose. Retinal blood vessel image segmentation is an important step in ophthalmological analysis. However, it is difficult to segment small vessels accurately because of low contrast and complex feature information of blood vessels. The objective of this study is to develop an improved retinal blood vessel segmentation structure (WA-Net) to overcome these challenges. Methods. This paper mainly focuses on the width of deep learning. The channels of the ResNet block were broadened to propagate more low-level features, and the identity mapping pathway was slimmed to maintain parameter complexity. A residual atrous spatial pyramid module was used to capture the retinal vessels at various scales. We applied weight normalization to eliminate the impacts of the mini-batch and improve segmentation accuracy. The experiments were performed on the DRIVE and STARE datasets. To show the generalizability of WA-Net, we performed cross-training between datasets. Results. The global accuracy and specificity within datasets were 95.66% and 96.45% and 98.13% and 98.71%, respectively. The accuracy and area under the curve of the interdataset diverged only by 1%∼2% compared with the performance of the corresponding intradataset. Conclusion. All the results show that WA-Net extracts more detailed blood vessels and shows superior performance on retinal blood vessel segmentation tasks.

scholarly journals Hybrid Approach for Wood Modification: Characterization and Evaluation of Weathering Resistance of Coatings on Acetylated Wood

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Anna Sandak ◽  
Edit Földvári-Nagy ◽  
Faksawat Poohphajai ◽  
Rene Herrera Diaz ◽  
Oihana Gordobil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cellular Wall ◽  
Bulk Substrate

Wood, as a biological material, is sensitive to environmental conditions and microorganisms; therefore, wood products require protective measures to extend their service life in outdoor applications. Several modification processes are available for the improvement of wood properties, including commercially available solutions. Among the chemical treatments, acetylation by acetic anhydride is one of the most effective methods to induce chemical changes in the constitutive polymers at the cellular wall level. Acetylation reduces wood shrinkage-swelling, increases its durability against biotic agents, improves UV resistance and reduces surface erosion. However, even if the expected service life for external cladding of acetylated wood is estimated to be 60 years, the aesthetics change rapidly during the first years of exposure. Hybrid, or fusion, modification includes processes where the positive effect of a single treatment can be multiplied by merging with additional follow-up modifications. This report presents results of the performance tests of wood samples that, besides the modification by means of acetylation, were additionally protected with seven commercially available coatings. Natural weathering was conducted in Northern Italy for 15 months. Samples were characterized with numerous instruments by measuring samples collected from the stand every three months. Superior performance was observed on samples that merged both treatments. It is due to the combined effect of the wood acetylation and surface coating. Limited shrinkage/swelling of the bulk substrate due to chemical treatment substantially reduced stresses of the coating film. Hybrid process, compared to sole acetylation of wood, assured superior visual performance of the wood surface by preserving its original appearance.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF STRUCTURED LIGHT SCANNING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR THE DIGITISATION OF PHYSICAL PROTOTYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Owen Freeman Gebler ◽  
Mark Goudswaard ◽  
Ben Hicks ◽  
David Jones ◽  
Aydin Nassehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Structured Light Scanning ◽  
Early Stage Design

AbstractPhysical prototyping during early stage design typically represents an iterative process. Commonly, a single prototype will be used throughout the process, with its form being modified as the design evolves. If the form of the prototype is not captured as each iteration occurs understanding how specific design changes impact upon the satisfaction of requirements is challenging, particularly retrospectively.In this paper two different systems for digitising physical artefacts, structured light scanning (SLS) and photogrammetry (PG), are investigated as means for capturing iterations of physical prototypes. First, a series of test artefacts are presented and procedures for operating each system are developed. Next, artefacts are digitised using both SLS and PG and resulting models are compared against a master model of each artefact. Results indicate that both systems are able to reconstruct the majority of each artefact's geometry within 0.1mm of the master, however, overall SLS demonstrated superior performance, both in terms of completion time and model quality. Additionally, the quality of PG models was far more influenced by the effort and expertise of the user compared to SLS.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Approach to Call Admission Control in 5G Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Maitah ◽  
Olena O. Semenova ◽  
Andriy O. Semenov ◽  
Pavel I. Kulakov ◽  
Volodymyr Yu. Kucheruk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Admission Control ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Call Admission Control ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Call Admission

Artificial intelligence is employed for solving complex scientific, technical, and practical problems. Such artificial intelligence techniques as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic and evolutionary algorithms are widely used for communication systems management, optimization, and prediction. Artificial intelligence approach provides optimized results in a challenging task of call admission control, handover, routing, and traffic prediction in cellular networks. 5G mobile communications are designed as heterogeneous networks, whose important requirement is accommodating great numbers of users and the quality of service satisfaction. Call admission control plays a significant role in providing the desired quality of service. An effective call admission control algorithm is needed for optimizing the cellular network system. Many call admission control schemes have been proposed. The paper proposes a methodology for developing a genetic neurofuzzy controller for call admission in 5G networks. Performance of the proposed admission control is evaluated through computer simulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document