scholarly journals Waarom die vorm en oriëntatie van Borssele?

Bulletin KNOB ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pieter Van der Weele ◽  
Reinout Rutte
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Conscious Decision ◽  
The Family ◽  
Double Symmetry ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The village of Borssele was founded in 1616 in a polder of the same name on the island of Zuid-Beveland in the province of Zeeland. The driving force behind both the diking of the polder and the construction of the village during the Twelve Year Truce (1609-1621) in the young Dutch Republic was the mayor of the city of Goes, Cornelis Soetwater. This article argues that the unusual form and orientation of the Borssele village plan reflects a conscious decision by Soetwater to combine and improve on the best of the Zeeland’s impoldering and village planning tradition, and on the most striking old Zuid-Beveland villages. Soetwater’s decision to give Borssele’s main square a resolutely northern orientation and an unconventional, rotated positioning within the polder grid, and to model its plan on that of the most distinctive medieval villages on the islands of Zuid-Beveland, Nisse and Kloetinge, served to anchor the new village emphatically in its immediate surroundings. Moreover, Borssele represents the culmination of an honourable tradition initiated during the fifteenth century by the Zeeland nobleman Adriaan van Borssele with the construction of ringstraatdorpen[1] such as Dirksland, Sommelsdijk and Middelharnis, in the large Flakkee polders. The marquises of Bergen op Zoom and the family of Orange continued this tradition during the sixteenth century in the construction of Willemstad and Colijnsplaat, among others. Soetwater exploited the symbolic significance of these new villages, which was as important to Adriaan van Borssele and his followers as their economic and administrative function, for his own purposes. By continuing a trend towards orthogonality and symmetry in the layout of sixteenth-century ringstraatdorpen in the double symmetry of the Borssele street plan, Soetwater was able to emphasize the victory of rationality over chaos. Not just in the sense that the wild water had been turned into orderly cultural landscape, but also in the sense that after many years of war, the Twelve Year Truce had ushered in a period of peace, order and the prospect of a bright future. [1]  The ringstraatdorp was a combination of two older types of Zeeland village plans, the kerkringdorp and the voorstraatdorp. Its main street (voorstraat) was perpendicular to the polder dike and its landward end terminated in a kerkring (church encircled by a street).

An Italian Architect in London: The Case of Alessandro Galilei (1691–1737)

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Kieven
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
City Government ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Town Council ◽  
The Family ◽  
Financial Decline ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

‘I will carry with me the best architect in Europe.’ With these bold words Robert, first Viscount Molesworth, announced to his wife his arrival in Ireland in the company of the young Italian architect and engineer Alessandro Galilei in May 1717. Lord Molesworth could not know that, twenty years later, Galilei would be indeed one of the best-known architects in Europe, after having built in Rome, to the order of Pope Clement XII Corsini (1730–40), the facade of San Giovanni in Laterano (St John Lateran), the Cappella Corsini in the same church and the facade of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini.Galilei was born on 25 August 1691, in Florence, the eldest son of the notary Giuseppe Maria Galilei and his wife Margherita Merlini. The Galilei family could trace their lineage to the Buonaiuti, who in the fourteenth century twice held the post of ‘Gonfaloniere della Giustizia’, then the most important position in the city government. They took the surname Galilei from the last Gonfaloniere in their family, the master of philosophy and medicine, Galileo (early fifteenth century). Even into the sixteenth century, members of the family belonged to the town council. The most famous bearer of the name was without doubt Galileo Galilei (1564–1641), from whom Alessandro was not directly descended but to whom he was remotely related. Although Alessandro’s father, Giuseppe, who in 1707 and 1711 was Proconsul of Notaries, counted himself as one of the nobili, the standing of the old patrician families had been considerably reduced under the Medici Grand Dukes because they did not actually hold a landed title. Financial decline seems also to have damaged the prestige of Alessandro’s branch of the family.

The Catholic Recusancy of the Yorkshire Fairfaxes. Part I.

1956 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-114
Author(s):  
Hugh Aveling
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Landed Gentry

In the middle ages the Fairfaxes ranked amongst the minor landed gentry of Yorkshire. They seem to have risen to this status in the thirteenth century, partly by buying land out of the profits of trade in York, partly by successful marriages. But they remained of little importance until the later fifteenth century. They had, by then, produced no more than a series of bailiffs of York, a treasurer of York Minster and one knight of the shire. The head of the family was not normally a knight. The family property consisted of the two manors of Walton and Acaster Malbis and house property in York. But in the later fifteenth century and onwards the fortunes of the family were in the ascendant and they began a process of quite conscious social climbing. At the same time they began to increase considerably in numbers. The three main branches, with al1 their cadet lines, were fixed by the middle of the sixteenth century – the senior branch, Fairfax of Walton and Gilling, the second branch, Fairfax of Denton, Nunappleton, Bilhorough and Newton Kyme, the third branch, Fairfax of Steeton. It is very important for any attempt to assess the strength and nature of Catholicism in Yorkshire to try to understand the strong family – almost clan – unity of these pushing, rising families. While adherence to Catholicism could be primarily a personal choice in the face of family ties and property interests, the history of the Faith in Yorkshire was conditioned greatly at every point by the strength of those ties and interests. The minute genealogy and economic history of the gentry has therefore a very direct bearing on recusant history.

De Auteur Van De Politia Et Disciplina Civili Et Ecclesiastica (1585)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
J.C.L. Starreveld
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
The South ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe name of the author of the anonymous work De politia et disciplina civili et ecclesiastica (1585) was a wellhidden secret for centuries. An attempt is made to solve this mystery. The name of the printer and the place are mentioned: Leonardus Niestus, Lugduni Batavorum. These explicit data do not lead anywhere. The dedication of the work contains valuable information about the author. He is a relative of F. Junius and H. Smetius, professors at Heidelberg University in theology and medicine and married to sisters of the Corput family from Breda. He mentions several times Italy and the Italians as his homeland, where he is not allowed to go. Lastly his initials are given: I.B.A.C. On the basis of recently published dissertations on one of the members of the Corput family and the Italian church in London in the sixteenth century the conclusion can be made that a member of the Corput family originating from Italy is the author. We found Ioannes Baptista Aurellius Calabrensis (ca.1540-1596) member of a Waldense family from the South of Italy. His mother had sent him in 1558/9 to the Academy of Geneva to prepare for the ministry in Italy. The family in Calabria fell victim to the Inquisition in 1561 and I.B.A.C. became a minister in France and subsequently in the small Italian reformed church of London from 1570 till his death in 1596. In London he married a member of the Corput family, Mary, and became related to Junius, Smetius and Emanuel van Meteren, the famous historian. He published two other works, not anonymous, one in Italian. His now forgotten 'De politia' was influential in the Dutch Republic because it was used by J. Wtenbogaert.

Phasmarhabditis apuliae n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new rhabditid nematode from milacid slugs

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Vladimír Půža ◽  
Zdeněk Mráček
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

A new nematode species belonging to the family Rhabditidae, genus Phasmarhabditis, was isolated in the city of Bari (strain BAR) and near the village Gravina (strain GRA) in Apulia, Italy, and is described herein as Phasmarhabditis apuliae n. sp. The original hosts were Milax sowerbyi and M. gagates. Females are 2623 (2262-2848) μm long with a long tapering tail. Prominent papilla-like phasmids are present. Males are 2096 (1898-2363) μm long. They have a peloderan bursa with nine pairs of rays arranged as 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 3. Each ray bears a single papilla. A non-paired papilla is located near the ventral appendage anterior to the cloacal aperture. Prominent papilla-like phasmids are situated close to the tail tip. Dauer juveniles have lateral fields formed from two prominent wide ridges and have three incisures. Phasmarhabditis apuliae n. sp. seems to be a facultative mollusc-parasitic nematode that is capable, in a similar manner to P. hermaphrodita, of long-term survival in the saprophytic phase on decaying organic matter. Ecology, morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Phasmarhabditis nematodes are discussed.

scholarly journals Congenital Anomalies of The Ear in Newborns from Lviv Region (west Ukraine) for 2006-2018 YY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Kitsera Nataliya
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives The ear’s congenital anomalies usually occur in the outer, middle or inner ear separately or in combination. We had determined the сongenital ear’s anomalies (CEA) in newborns (2006-2018 yy) in West Ukraine, Lviv region. Methods 14 newborns who were diagnosed according to the reporting form by the maternity hospitals with CEA were analyzed over a period of 13 years.Results During the study period (2006–2018), there were 366 147 births reported, and 8634 newborns with birth defects, 14 were with CEA, an average incidence of 0.4 per 10 000 births. Our study included 10 boys and 4 girls with CEA. Male-to-female ratio was 2.5:1. The number of newborns with ear pathology was 1.8 times higher in the city than in the village. The most common birth defects of the ear were Q16.1 congenital absence, atresia and stricture of auditory canal (external) – 4 (28.6%) and Q16.9 CEA causing impairment of hearing, unspecified – 4 (28.6%), especially the most common of right side. Microtia (Q17.2) was met very rarely -1 (7.1%) and other CEA Q16.9-1 (7.1%). During this period there were only 2 cases of anotia and 1 case of microtia. There was only 1 (7.1%) case of bilateral CEA in boy from town. Just one girl had CEA was associated with birth defect of musculoskeletal system. Conclusion This is necessary to establish the correct diagnosis in time, especially for mind of the family doctors, genetic counseling for relatives family for has benefited earlier prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Farm Funds Optimisation For Community Entrepreneurship At Tobati Village Jayapura City

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Yohanis Rante ◽  
Sarlota Ratang
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
City Government ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Funds Allocation ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The village fund is expected village government and technical institutions can realize the vision of Jayapura city government that believes, independent, unified, modern, prosperous based local wisdom.  The city of Jayapura has established the Community Entrepreneurship Agency (BKM) in each village/village/Kelurahan in order to manage the funds of the village/village/Kelurahan more effectively, efficient, precisely targeted to support the governance activities Good and transparent. The purpose of this research is to describe the management of ADD in village community empowerment as well as driving and inhibiting factors. The results showed that optimizing village funds allocation in the development of community entrepreneurship at Village Tobati Jayapura City is already running but not maximally, hence the need for strategy.  STRATEGY (W-O) makes strategy that utilizes the opportunity to overcome weaknesses, namely consist of: Government policy that makes Village Tobati as a demonstration village for tourism, this is an opportunity to add Income or family's confidentiality. The help of Village fund, ADK, ADD the average routine each year.  The commitment of the city government to improve and develop fisheries sector, especially the cultivation of fish cages very smooth and good means of transportation, and the help of the Prospect fund from the years 2016 and 2017 for the business of kiosk, sales Pinang, vegetable sales + Seasoning Kitchen, selling cold beverages + juice jacket, selling yellow rice, handicraft business, business selling pulse, oil kerosene + gasoline, net business. The opportunities mentioned above show that weaknesses in Village Tobati can be overcome well because of the very dominant opportunities in the village. Therefore the need for awareness from the local community to take advantage of the opportunities that exist for the welfare of the family in doing some very promising efforts.

An Introduction to the Life of Conrad Martens

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City

The story of Conrad Martens begins in London in the early nineteenth century, when on 21 March 1801, a third son and fourth and youngest child was born to a merchant of German origins, J. Christopher Heinrich Martens, and his English wife, Rebecca née Turner. The family lived above their premises in the crowded old trading quarter of the city in a street called Crutched Friars, near the present day site of Fenchurch Street Station. ‘Having no taste for mercantile pursuits’, as Conrad Martens put it many years later, all three Martens boys became artists, despite the family's European traditions as merchants going back to the fifteenth century. Influenced by his older brothers, Conrad, at the age of sixteen, became a pupil of the well-known English landscape painter and teacher Anthony Van Dyke Copley Fielding.

Dwelling of Volhynians at the End of XIV – the middle of the XVI century

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Maryna Tarasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Security Guard ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Home Decoration ◽  
The City ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences ◽  
Candle Light

The article discusses the kind of a typical house of the medieval Volhynian of the late XIV – middle XVI centuries. It is based on narrative and archaeological sources. The author explores the stages of building a house, material options and the help of craftsmen, external and internal appearance of the house, a variety of household utensils. It was found out that the family yard consisted mostly of living quarters, stables, farm pits and gardens. Wealthy townspeople placed baths in the yard, obtaining permission from the administration. The construction of the house was the business of the owner, who, in addition to the involvement of artisans, was himself a worker. An essential attribute of the dwelling was the furnace, which was decorated with tiles of geometric or floral ornament. Until the beginning of the sixteenth century, the living quarters were wooden, while the administrative and church buildings were made of stone. This was one of the causes of city fires that local authorities tried to fight, limiting candle light and hiring a city security guard. It is noted that in order to fill the houses, the market was filled with wide range of products from local manufactures, from shovels to variety of colored glasses, bowls and other kitchen essentials. It was proved that the home decoration was influenced by owner’s activities, his well-being and aesthetic preferences typical for the residents of the region. It was also determined that the dwellings of Volhynian were rich enough. In addition to that, the development of the city was monitored by the local authorities, which often abused its power.

A Note on Meccan Women in the Fifteenth Century

Hawwa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Hatoon Ajwad Al-Fassi
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
The City ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The history of women in Arabia is a relatively new and unexplored area of research and the place of women in Mecca (Makkah), Islam’s holiest city, is particularly shrouded in darkness. From the fifteenth century, however, there has been a stream of biographical works (tabaqat) that shed much light on the women of the city. This note turns scholarly attention on such fifteenth and sixteenth century works as Taqi al-Din al-Fassi’s (d. 1429) eight volume Al-‘Iqd al-Thamin fi Tarikh al-Balad al-Amin, which dedicates a volume to women, in an effort to continue the scholarly appraisal of women’s lives in Muslim societies. Reading such important sources shows how women actively participated in the public life of the city, including its intellectual circles, contrary to Orientalist stereotypes. By exploring the multiple roles of Meccan women in the fifteenth century, the hope is to prompt further study of their significance and its historical implications.

scholarly journals Recovering of an identity: restoration works of the Orsini-Colonna castle in Avezzano, Italy

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Felli ◽  
Antonello Incerto
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Concert Hall ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

The Orsini Colonna castle of Avezzano represents one of the most important historic buildings in the internal area of Abruzzo. Founded at the end of the fifteenth century, on the rests of an older structure, with continuing modification till the sixteenth century, the building had several damages with the earthquake of January thirteenth 1915, which destroyed the entire city Avezzano and the neighborhood, causing more than 30000 victims. After the quake event, the efforts and the works for the preservation didn’t have the time to start, because of the beginning of the world wars; in particular, the castle suffered more damages with the three different bombardments on the city in 1943 and 1944. The first works of recovering and restoration were achieved in 1964 by the Genio Civile of Avezzano, the corps of engineers, with the direction of Tommaso Orlandi; in this intervention, the building had been interested by the recovering of the structures, with the reconstruction of the perimeter walls, also with the purpose of avoiding deterioration and the complete abandonment. The second works were conducted by the architect Alessandro Del Bufalo, who designed the restoration of the entire building, inserting an internal concert hall in the courtyard with a new structure in steel and glass, recovering the castle basement under the towers, and creating a modern art gallery museum in the second level. The works finished in 1994. This paper aims to redefine the historical development of the building, focusing in particular on the restoration interventions of the last century, and their different methods in the efforts of preservation, which approached to the preservation and reconstruction of the building in different ways.

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