scholarly journals Association of Biometric Traits with Growth Hormone Gene Diversity in Raini Cashmere Goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-508
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Gholamhoseinzadeh GOOKI ◽  
Mohammadreza MOHAMMADABADI ◽  
Masoud Asadi FOZI ◽  
Mohammad SOFLAEI
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Cashmere Goats

In recent years, the important effects of growth hormone on a broad variety of physiological parameters, such as lactation, reproduction, growth, and metabolism, have attracted many researchers' attentions. To detect GH gene polymorphism and its association with the biometric traits of Raini Cashmere goats, 300 animals were selected and the animals’ genotype was determined using PCR-RFLP. Two different genotypes (AA and AB) were observed in exons 2 and 3 within the goat GH gene. The genotype frequencies for AA, AB, and BB were 0.15, 0.85, and 0, and frequencies of the A and B alleles were 0.575 and 0.425, respectively. The number of observed alleles, number of effective alleles, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, mean of heterozygosity, expected homozygosity, observed homozygosity, Nei’s index, Shannon’s index, and Fixation index (Fis) were 2, 1.96, 0.49, 0.85, 0.49, 0.51, 0.15, 0.49, 0.69, and -0.74, respectively. Birth type had a significant effect on the Chest height to earth (T26) trait (P-value = 0.032304). Furthermore, a significant effect of age on some biometric traits were observed in this study. The frequency of the AB genotype for most of the traits were higher in comparison to the AA genotype, although some traits did not show a significant effect, which might be explained by the heterosis phenomenon. According to the results, it can be concluded that allele A of growth hormone is a suitable allele for the THH (Toe height of hand hoof), THF (Toe height of foot hoof), HHF (Heel height of foot hoof), and CHE (Chest height to earth) traits, and allele B is a worthy allele for the NI (Nasal interval), LCI (Lip corner interval), NL (Neck length), CC (Chest circumference), AC (Abdominal circumference), LLF (Leg length of foot), WHC (Wither height to under the chest), and DAD (Dorsal angle distance of scapula to Hänsch point) traits. Therefore, better results in the breeding programs for these traits can be achieved from this information, along with other phenotypic records.

Posttranscriptional regulation of rat growth hormone gene expression: increased message stability and nuclear polyadenylation accompany thyroid hormone depletion

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2624-2632
Author(s):  
D Murphy ◽  
K Pardy ◽  
V Seah ◽  
D Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Pituitary Glands

In thyroid hormone-depleted rats, the rate of transcription of the growth hormone (GH) gene in the anterior pituitary gland is lower than the rate in euthyroid controls, and there is a corresponding reduction in the abundance of the GH mRNA. Concomitantly, the poly(A) tail of the GH mRNA increases in length. Examination of nuclear RNA from anterior pituitary glands of control and thyroid hormone-depleted rats revealed no difference in the length of pre-mRNAs containing the first and last introns of the GH gene. However, mature nuclear GH RNA is differentially polyadenylated in euthyroid and hypothyroid animals. We suggest that the extent of polyadenylation of the GH transcript is regulated in the cell nucleus concomitant with or subsequent to the splicing of the pre-mRNA. Experiments with anterior pituitary gland explant cultures demonstrated that the GH mRNA from thyroid hormone-depleted rats is more stable than its euthyroid counterpart and that the poly(A) tail may contribute to the differential stability of free GH ribonucleoproteins.

PCR-RFLP Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene and Its Association with Growth and Morphometric Traits in Ganjam and Baigani Goats of Odisha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Karna ◽  
A. Aradhana ◽  
G. D. Nayak ◽  
N. Sahoo ◽  
L. K. Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Background: Growth Hormone (GH) gene codes for the growth hormone, an anabolic hormone synthesized and secreted by the somatotroph cells of pituitary. Growth hormone influences many processes such as growth, lactation, reproduction and metabolism. Genetic variation in the gene are utilized as markers for selecting animals that are superior in terms growth, production and reproduction traits. Information available on the polymorphism of growth hormone gene of Ganjam and Baigani goats of Odisha is scanty. The current investigation was done to explore the genetic variation of this gene and its association with morphometric traits. Methods: Genetic polymorphism in exon 2 and 3 of Growth hormone gene in Ganjam goat and Baigani goat was explored with sample size of 100 goats for each. The goats belonged to three locations: Khallikote, Rambha, Chattrapur of Ganjam district. The goats were recorded for their body weights, morphometric traits and morphological traits. Genomic DNA was isolated, the target segment comprising exons 2 and 3 was amplified and PCR-RFLP was carried out using Hae III restriction enzyme. Genotypes were scored. Result: PCR of the locus resulted in 422 bp PCR product. PCR-RFLP using Hae III restriction enzyme yielded only two variants in both the populations. The variant A had only one restriction recognition site on the target gene segment yielding two bands with size of 366bp and 56bp whereas the variant B did not have any restriction site with single band of 422bp. Three genotypes AA, AB and BB were found in both the population. In both the population, the gene and genotype frequency were significantly deviated from the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium frequency. There was a significant difference in the genotype frequencies of growth hormone gene between Ganjam and Baigani goats. The AB genotype had higher mean value for all morphometric traits than AA and BB genotype though the differences were not found to be significant.

Philogenic Relationship of Wild Pigs and Local Pig from North Sulawesi Based on the Growth Hormone Gene (GH Gene)

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Alexius Mege Revolson ◽  
Yermia Semuel Mokosuli ◽  
Jacqueline Jochebed Rayer Debby ◽  
Ellen Hetie Adil ◽  
Christny Rompas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Local Pigs ◽  
Key Words Growth Hormone ◽  
Relationship Of

Growth hormone regulates reproduction and growth in mammals. A study was conducted to obtain the characteristics of the GH gene, in local pigs in North Sulawesi. Pig samples were obtained from traditional farmers, from four districts in North Sulawesi. DNA extraction and purification, using pig pituitary tissue. Amplification of GH gene, performed by PCR method. Visualization of CO1 gene amplikon, performed by electrophoresis technique. Sequencing, conducted through the First BASE Singapore sequencing service. The results show that there is a variation of local pigs CO1 gene in North Sulawesi. Variations are also found in the amino acid sequence encoded by the GH gene. Knowledge of the characteristics of local pig gh gene, the basics of selection of local pigs superior to North Sulawesi. Key words : growth hormone gen, local pigs, Sulawesi Utara Abstrak Gen growth hormone meregulasi reproduksi dan pertumbuhan pada mamalia. Telah dilaksanakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik gen GH pada babi lokal di Sulawesi Utara. Sampel babi diperoleh dari peternak tradisonal dari empat kabupaten di Sulawesi Utara. Ekstraksi dan purifikasi DNA menggunakan jaringan hipofisis babi. Amplifikasi gen GH menggunakan metode PCR. Visualisasi amplikon gen CO1 dilakukan dengan teknik elektroforesis. Sekuensing dilakukan melalui jasa layanan sekuensing First BASE Singapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi gen CO1 babi lokal di Sulawesi Utara. Variasi juga ditemukan pada urutan asam amino yang dikode oleh gen GH. Diketahuinya karakteristik gen GH babi lokal, menjadi dasar seleksi babi lokal unggul Sulawesi Utara.

PKC and ERK are differentially involved in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone gene expression in the goldfish pituitary

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (6) ◽  
pp. R1625-R1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Klausen ◽  
Takeshi Tsuchiya ◽  
John P. Chang ◽  
Hamid R. Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Gh Gene

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin hormones. In addition, GnRH also stimulates the production and secretion of growth hormone (GH) in some fish species and in humans with certain clinical disorders. In the goldfish pituitary, GH secretion and gene expression are regulated by two endogenous forms of GnRH known as salmon GnRH and chicken GnRH-II. It is well established that PKC mediates GnRH-stimulated GH secretion in the goldfish pituitary. In contrast, the signal transduction of GnRH-induced GH gene expression has not been elucidated in any model system. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of novel and atypical PKC isoforms in the pituitary of a fish. Moreover, our results indicate that conventional PKCα is present selectively in GH-producing cells. Treatment of primary cultures of dispersed goldfish pituitary cells with PKC activators (phorbol ester or diacylglycerol analog) did not affect basal or GnRH-induced GH mRNA levels, and two different inhibitors of PKC (calphostin C and GF109203X) did not reduce the effects of GnRH on GH gene expression. Together, these results suggest that, in contrast to secretion, conventional and novel PKCs are not involved in GnRH-stimulated increases in GH mRNA levels in the goldfish pituitary. Instead, PD98059 inhibited GnRH-induced GH gene expression, suggesting that the ERK signaling pathway is involved. The results presented here provide novel insights into the functional specificity of GnRH-induced signaling and the regulation of GH gene expression.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the insulin and growth hormone gene with growth traits of Mia Chicken

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoang Thinh ◽  
Hoang Anh Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Thi Vinh ◽  
Bui Huu Doan ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Giang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Gh Gene

This study was conducted in Mia chicken breed to evaluate the association between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in insulin (INS) and growth hormone (GH) genes, with growth traits. Three genotypes for the SNP A3971G of INS gene and the SNP G662A and C423T of GH gene were present in the population while only two genotypes were found in the Mia chicken breed for SNP T3737C of INS gene (TT and TC). The SNP T3737C INS gene and G662A GH gene had significant association with growth traits (P less than 0.05). A significant association of T3737C INS gene with body weight (BW) was observed at 10 to 12 weeks of age and average daily gain (ADG) at 6-8 weeks of age. The SNP G662A of the GH gene was significantly associated (P less than 0.05) with BW of Mia chicken at ages from 7 to 14 weeks and with ADG (4-6; 6-8; 8-10; 10-12 and 2-16 weeks). Chicken with the GG genotype had greater BW and ADG compared to the other genotypes. The results demonstrated that this SNP G662A GH gene may be used as a candidate marker gene for genetic improvement of growth traits in Mia chicken breed.

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene Exon-4 in Surti and Mehsani Goats by PCR- RFLP

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotishree Bayan ◽  
Vishnu Kharadi ◽  
Umed Ramani ◽  
Mamta Janmeda ◽  
Kuldeep Tyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Exon 4 ◽  
Gene Exon

The present investigation was planned to study growth hormone (GH) gene exon-4 polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Surti and Mehsani goats. GH gene exon-4 region was found to be monomorphic on restriction digestion with HaeIII, which revealed only one genotype CC in both Surti and Mehsani goat breeds. The allelic frequency of C was 1.00 in both the breeds of goats with absence of D allele.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF GROWTH HORMONE GENE OF Pangasionodon hypophthalmus

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi ◽  
Agus Oman Sudrajat ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin ◽  
Komar Sumantadinata
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Tryptophan Residue ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Gh Gene

Identification of growth hormone (GH) gene in a target fish is the first step in the construction of “all fish genes transfer vector” to generate transgenic fish. The research was done to identify and characterize the GH gene of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus. There were several activities performed in identifying the GH gene: RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, PCR amplification, and DNA fragment isolation. The characterizations were done using the nucleotide sequencing engine ABIPRISM 3100. The results were then analyzed using BLASTN/P and GENETYX version 7 program. The full-length GH gene of P. hypophthalmus was 1151 bp in length, coding for an open reading frame (ORF) of 603 bp. The 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions of the GH gene were 22 bp and 526 bp long, respectively. The GH gene of P. hypophthalmus had some common characteristics that are owned by GH genes, such as single tryptophan residue (W) on the 104th amino acid, 5 cysteine residues (C) on the amino acid 71, 135, 173, 190, and 198 and a motif of Asn-Xaa-Thr on C terminus which is the potential location for N-linked glycosilation. Polyadenylation signal (aataaa) was on the 14 bp at the upstream of polyadenylation location. Growth hormone of P. hypophthalmus consisted of over 200 amino acids from GH cDNA deduction. The highest proportion of amino acid composition was leusin (14%) while the lowest was tryptophan (0.5%).

Sequencing of growth hormone gene for detection of polymorphisms and their relationship with body weight in Harri sheep

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Afifi ◽  
Tamer S. Abdelmoneim ◽  
Peter H. Brooks ◽  
Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between growth hormone (GH) gene polymorphism and estimated body weight in Harri sheep. One hundred Harri sheep lambs were used to determine the birth weight (BW) and weight at 120 days of age. The daily live-weight gain (DLWG) 0-120 days (g) was calculated. The complete CDS of the Harri sheep GH gene is 2117pb in length (GenBank acc. no. KU255857). Three novel SNPs were detected by comparing with GenBanke acc. no. X12546_1. The G871A SNP in intron II, G1383A in exon IV that resulted in conversion of the amino acid arginine number 121 to lysine (R121K) and the A1509G in intron IV. Each SNP was found on both alleles the mutant homozygote was more common (48, 56 and 50%) than the heterozygote (30, 18 and 20%) for G871A, G1383A and A1509G respectively.A positive significant (P is less than 0.05) correlation between growth traits (BW, 120 day body weight and DLWG) and SNP and a highly significant correlation with the genotype were detected. The regression analysis indicated the positive effect of genotype and SNPs on the growth traits. Individuals carrying homozygote mutant alleles had the heaviest body weight and the highest DLWG. Consequently, these SNP may be useful indicators in the selection of lambs for higher growth rate and meat production

Identification of cis elements necessary for glucocorticoid induction of growth hormone gene expression in chicken embryonic pituitary cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (5) ◽  
pp. R606-R619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Heuck-Knubel ◽  
Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz ◽  
Jyoti Narayana ◽  
Laura E. Ellestad ◽  
Nattiya Prakobsaeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Mrna Induction ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays

Glucocorticoid (GC) treatment of rat or chicken embryonic pituitary (CEP) cells induces premature production of growth hormone (GH). GC induction of the GH gene requires ongoing protein synthesis, and the GH genes lack a canonical GC response element (GRE). To characterize cis-acting elements and identify trans-acting proteins involved in this process, we characterized the regulation of a luciferase reporter containing a fragment of the chicken GH gene (−1727/+48) in embryonic day 11 CEP cells. Corticosterone (Cort) increased luciferase activity and mRNA expression, and mRNA induction was blocked by protein synthesis inhibition. Through deletion analysis, we identified a GC-responsive region (GCRR) at −1045 to −954. The GCRR includes an ETS-1 binding site and a degenerate GRE (dGRE) half site. Nuclear proteins, including ETS-1, bound to a GCRR probe in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and Cort regulated protein binding. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that ETS-1 and GC receptor (GR) were associated with the GCRR in CEP cells, and Cort increased GR recruitment to the GCRR. Mutation of the ETS-1 site or dGRE site in the −1045/+48 GH reporter abolished Cort responsiveness. We conclude that GC regulation of the GH gene during development requires cis-acting elements in the GCRR and involves ETS-1 and GR binding to these elements. Similar ETS-1 elements/dGREs are located in the 5′-flanking regions of GH genes in mammals, including rodents and humans. This is the first study to demonstrate involvement of ETS-1 in GC regulation of the GH gene during embryonic development in any species, enhancing our understanding of GH regulation in vertebrates.

Genomic structure and sequence of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth hormone-encoding gene: Identification of minisatellite polymorphism in intron I

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Almuly ◽  
B Cavari ◽  
H Ferstman ◽  
O Kolodny ◽  
B Funkenstein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Response Element ◽  
First Intron ◽  
Gh Gene

The growth hormone (GH) gene of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) (saGH) has been cloned, sequenced, and characterized. The saGH gene spans approximately 4.3 kb and consists of six exons and five introns, as found for all cloned teleost GH genes with the exception of carps and catfish. The first and third introns contain long stretches of repetitive tandem repeats. The second intron, which is unusually long compared with that in other teleosts (and other vertebrates) spans 1747 nucleotides (nt) and contains several inverted repeats. Intron-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis identified length polymorphism of the first intron. Sequence analysis of four variants (405, 424, 636, and 720 nt) out of many variants found revealed that the variation in length is due to differences in the number of repeat monomers (17-mer or 15-mer) as well as minor changes in their length. This repeat unit contains the consensus half-site motif of the thyroid hormone response element (TRE) and estrogen response element (ERE). Polymorphism was found also in the third intron. This is the first report of such high polymorphism of the first intron of GH gene in a vertebrate.Key words: growth hormone, gene, intron polymorphism, fish, Sparus aurata.

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