scholarly journals Extraction and Isolation of Compound from Roots of Kniphofia pumila, and Its Antibacterial Activities in Combination with Zinc Chloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
Dele ABDISSA ◽  
Gezahegn FAYE ◽  
Melkamu FAYERA ◽  
Shiferaw DEMISSIE
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pure Compound ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Isolated Compound

Kniphofia pumila has been traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases in Oromiya regional state, western part of Ethiopia. Thus, the main objective of this study was to extract bioactive natural products from the roots of K. pumila and perform in vitro antibacterial activity tests against selected pathogens. Extraction of compound from the roots of K. pumila was carried out by maceration method at room temperature and its antibacterial activity was done using agar disc diffusion method. The crude extracts alone and along with ZnCl2 were tested against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25722), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (DSM 19613), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25925) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 13311). Following its promising activity, the acetone crude extract that have shown better antibacterial activity was subjected to column chromatography for isolation of pure compound. Hence, one pure compound (GZ-1) was obtained from acetone crude extract. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activities of the isolated compound alone and in combination with ZnCl2 were also performed against all aforementioned bacterial strains. Then, isolated compound was characterized by using NMR spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and, 2D NMR, so as to establish its structure as 3’-acetyl-2’,6’-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone, trivial name knipholone. Finally, GZ-1 was isolated from the roots of K. pumila and it was noted that the antibacterial activities of ZnCl2 in combination with crude extract as well as with isolated compound against E. coli (ATCC 25722), S. aureus (ATCC 25925) and S. Typhimurium (ATCC 13311) bacterial strains showed remarkable results which were greater than the antibacterial activity of the positive standard drug (gentamycin). To sum up, from the chromatographic isolation of roots acetone extract of K. pumila one pure compound (knipholone) was obtained. Its antibacterial activity was also evaluated in combination with ZnCl2 salt and alone.

Antibacterial Activities of Ramalin, Usnic Acid and its Three Derivatives Isolated from the Antarctic Lichen Ramalina terebrata

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babita Paudel ◽  
Hari Datta Bhattarai ◽  
Hong Kum Lee ◽  
Hyuncheol Oh ◽  
Hyun Woung Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

The development of new antibacterial compounds is an urgent issue to meet the evolution of resistivity of pathogenic bacteria against the available drugs. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial compounds from the Antarctic lichen species Ramalina terebrata. A total of fi ve compounds, usnic acid, usimine A, usimine B, usimine C, and ramalin, were isolated by bioactivity guided-fractionation of the methanol extract of R. terebrata after several chromatographic procedures. The qualitative antibacterial activities of the crude extract and isolated compounds were determined by the disk diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination assay gave the quantitative strength of the test samples. All the test samples showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The crude extract and usnic acid showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values of the isolated compounds against B. subtilis were in the range of 1 to 26 μg/mL. These observed experimental data showed the strong antibacterial potential of these compounds against B. subtilis.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE SYNERGISTIC ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES ON CERTAIN ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Selvarani Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agar Disc

Objective: Resistance to antibacterial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major challenge for the healthcare industry. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are known to be one of the multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles with effective antibacterial activity. Hence the present investigation has been focused on synthesizing and evaluating the bactericidal effect of copper nanoparticles.Methods: CuNPs were synthesized by reducing the aqueous solution of copper sulfate with sodium borohydride. The synthesized particles were characterized by x-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques to analyze size, morphology and quantitative information respectively. The antibacterial activity of CuNPs was examined by agar well diffusion method. Synergistic effect of CuNPs with broad-spectrum antibiotics was determined by the agar disc diffusion method.Results: Color change of reaction mixture from blue to dark brown indicated the formation of CuNPs. SEM image clearly demonstrated that the synthesized particles were spherical in shape and its size was found to be 17.85 nm. EDS report confirmed the presence of elemental copper in the resultant nanoparticles and its accounts for major proportion (96%) of the mass of nanoparticles. Bacterial effect of CuNPs revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest antibacterial sensitivity (16.00±1.63 mm), whereas least susceptibility (9.67±0.47 mm) was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus. An enhanced antibacterial activity of commercial antibiotics was also noticed when it combined with CuNPS. A minimum zone of inhibition was increased from 0.67±0.47 mm to 10.66±0.24 mm when the nanoparticles and antibiotics were given together.Conclusion: It was observed that copper nanoparticles exhibited profound activity against all the tested bacterial strains which shows that CuNPs may serve as a better option for use in medicine in the future.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential of Aloe weloensis (Aloeacea) Leaf Latex against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kelifa Emiru ◽  
Ebrahim Abdela Siraj ◽  
Tekleab Teka Teklehaimanot ◽  
Gedefaw Getnet Amare
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective. To evaluate the antibacterial effects of the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis against infectious bacterial strains. Methods. The leaf latex of A. weloensis at different concentrations (400, 500, and 600 mg/ml) was evaluated for antibacterial activities using the disc diffusion method against some Gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 14700) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35619) and Gram-positive such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 50080) and Enterococcus fecalis (ATCC 4623). Results. The tested concentrations of the latex ranging between 400 and 600 mg·mL−1 showed significant antibacterial activity against bacterial strain. The highest dose (600 mg/ml) of A. weloensis leaf latex revealed the maximum activity (25.93 ± 0.066 inhibition zone) followed by the dose 500 mg/ml against S. aureus. The lowest antibacterial activity was observed by the concentration 400 mg/ml (5.03 ± 0.03) against E. coli. Conclusion. The results of the present investigation suggest that the leaf latex of A. weloensis can be used as potential leads to discover new drugs to control some bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Xanthium Strumarium L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Ritu Kumari Das
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Antibacterial activities of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. The antibacterial activity was studied against six pathogenic bacteria, three gram negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 15380), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and three gram positive: Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25932) at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ ml, 250 mg/ml) of leaf extracts of X. strumurium. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured. Gram negative bacteria was found more resistant than gram positive bacteria. The most susceptible bacterium was S. aureus while the most resistant bacterium was E. coli. Methanolic extract was found more effective than distilled water. These findings suggest that extracts obtained from leaves of X. strumurium possess biobactericidal potential, which can suitably be exploited for making antibacterial drugs.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 70-77

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOAP MADE FROM ESSENTIAL OILS AND COMMERCIAL SOAP SOLD IN THE LEBANESE MARKET

2021 ◽  
pp. e304
Author(s):  
Candy GERGES ◽  
Mohamad HADLA ◽  
Michele ELIALI ◽  
Martine RICHA ◽  
Nour Mammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Soap ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Thousands of people are dying as a result of infections caused by bacteria. Among the main routes of germ transmission are the hands, making hand hygiene very important in preventing the spread of pathogens and bacterial infection. Hand washing with soap and water is considered to be a simple and effective measure. Old soap manufacturers have long had traditional uses in the Lebanese community. Methods: The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of oil-based soaps with commercial soap sold in the Lebanese market. Different types of herbal soap and antiseptics have been used in this study. Four bacterial strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter Spp. The antibacterial activities of these soaps were determined by the diffusion method of disks in agar medium. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis of zones of inhibition showed that S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter Spp. were sensitive only to traditional oil-based soaps, which are Sage, Rose Mary and Cedar. In addition, S. aureus showed sensitivity to soaps comprised of essential oils as well as antibacterial synthetic soap, Dettol and Lifebuoy. On the other hand, E. coli showed resistance to all soaps. Soaps comprised of natural essential oils have shown antibacterial activity superior to so-called “Antibacterial” soaps. Conclusion: Based on this study, we can say that the use of soaps with essential oils might be the best option due to their organic origin as well as their antibacterial proved activities.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MYCELIUM EXTRACT FROM DIFFERENT WOOD-DECAY-FUNGUS SPECIES COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-720
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Hoa ◽  
Ngo Nguyen Vu ◽  
Tran Thi Phuong Linh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Fungal Isolates

The antibacterial activity of twelve different wood-decay fungal isolated in Southern Vietnam was investigated to find out the new potential antibiotics produced by macro fungi. The antibacterial activity of the collected fungal isolates was tested by three screening methods against seven different strains of bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Salmonella typhi. The screening test were performed at first with mycelium grew on surface of agar medium similar to a disc diffusion test, next by an extracellular metabolite test by flood-plate method, and finally with an intracellular metabolite test using grounded mycelium fluid. To determine the activity of metabolites produced in the mycelium, the fungal isolates were grown on culture substrates to promote mycelium formation. Antibacterial activity of the selected fungi was confirmed by disc diffusion method using crude extract of the mycelium harvested from the substrate cultures. Four fungal species identified with strong antibacterial compounds produced by their mycelium including Pycnoporus sanguineus, Flavodon flavus, Fomitopsis ostreiformis and Meripilus giganteus. Crude extract of Pycnoporus sanguineus showed the strongest antibacterial activity, with 7/7 bacterial strains inhibited. Fomitopsis ostreiformis antibacterial activity was recognized with the ability to inhibit 6/7 bacterial strains. Flavodon flavus and Meripilus giganteus showed weaker activity than other two species, with only 4/7 strains inhibited. The fungal isolates identified with antibacterial activity discovered in this study can be potential candidates for the new source of antibiotic to fight against new generations of antibiotic resistance bacteria in the future.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TOKAR SHA AGAINST ENTERIC BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 436-444
Author(s):  
Sabiu Shitu ◽  
M. Attahiru ◽  
F. A. Iliya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Infections

The antibacterial activity of Tokar sha; a local traditional medication widely used by many people in North-west zone of Nigeria especially Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara against enteric infections were examined against some clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi) using agar well diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with the tokar sha concentrations and the organisms tested. The tokar sha was more effective on E. coli with a maximum zone of growth inhibition of 25mm at 35mg/ml followed by B. cereus (20mm). However, S. aureus and S. typhi were resistant to tokar sha at all concentrations tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were found to be 35mg/ml for both E. coli and B. cereus. The antibacterial activities exhibited by tokar sha in this study could be attributed to the presence of its constituents which signifies the potential of the tokar sha as a therapeutic agent. These findings may justify the ethnomedicinal use of tokar sha as an antibacterial agent against enterobacteria

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Origanum saccatum P.H. Davis Essential Oil Obtained by Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction: Comparison with Hydrodistillation

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazli Sozmen ◽  
Burcu Uysal ◽  
Birsen S Oksal ◽  
Elif Odabas Kose ◽  
I Gokhan Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds

Abstract The components of the essential oils (EOs) obtained by solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and hydrodistillation (HD) from endemic Origanum saccatum P.H. Davis were identified by using GC/MS. The main constituents of both EOs obtained by SFME and HD, respectively, from O. saccatum were p-cymene (72.5 and 70.6%), thymol (9.32 and 8.11%), and carvacrol (7.18 and 6.36%). The EO obtained by SFME contained substantially higher amounts of oxygenated compounds and lower amounts of monoterpenes than did the EO obtained by HD. The antibacterial activities of the EOs obtained by SFME and HD were evaluated with the disc diffusion method by comparison with 10 different bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity of the EO extracted by SFME was found to be more effective than that of the EO extracted by HD against seven of the tested bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Three Lectins Purified from Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahanaz Khatun ◽  
MMH Khan ◽  
M Ashraduzzaman ◽  
Farzana Pervin ◽  
Luthfunnessa Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Gram Negative

Context: Plant materials contain glycoproteins (phytolectins) that are toxic in nature may play a key role in the control of various normal and pathological processes in living organisms and have diverse biochemical and diagnostic applications. Objectives: Screening of three lectins SLL-1, SLL-2 and SLL-3 purified from Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves for their antibacterial activities and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Materials and Methods: Three bioactive lectins were purified from Drumstick leaves by conventional chromatographic methods. The lectins were tested for their antibacterial activities against three pathogenic bacteria- Escherichia coli (gram-negative) Shigella dysenteriae (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) using the standard disc-diffusion method. Mortality of the brine shrimp naupli was assessed by hality bioassay. Results: All the lectins showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, Sh. dysenteriae and St. aureus. They also showed cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality bioassay. The LC50 values of SLL-1, SLL-2 and SLL-3 were found to be 15.8, 17.78 and 14.12 μg/ml respectively. The experimental results revealed that SLL-3 is more cytotoxic than other lectins. The lectin SLL-3 showed lowest activity whereas SLL-1 showed highest activity against the three bacteria. Conclusion: Results suggest that the extracts from M. oleifera leaf can be a source of natural antimicrobials with potential applications in pharmaceutical industry to control coliform bacteria.Key words:  Drumstick; Moringa oleifera; lectins; antibacterial activity; brine shrimp; bioassayDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7112J. bio-sci. 17: 89-94, 2009

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MANGROVE Brugueira gymnorrhiza STEM EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA Vibrio cholerae

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Angga Crystal Loasana Yami ◽  
Irmanida Batubara ◽  
Kholis Abdurachim Audah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method

Background : The treatment of some diseases caused by free radicals and pathogenic bacteria usually by using antioxidants and antibiotics. Due to excessive use of antibiotics and other environmental cues, some bacteria are now resistant to certain antibiotics or even to multiple antibiotics. Some Vibrio cholerae bacterial strains are multiresistant to many antibiotics.Objective : The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Brugueira gymnorrhiza stem extracts against pathogenic bacteria V. cholerae.Method : The B. gymnorrhiza stem was extracted by gradient maceration method. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity and the disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activities. The column chromatography method was used to fractionate the selective extract with the best activity. The LC-MS/MS method was used to identify the compound obtained from the fraction with the best antioxidant and antibacterial activity.Result : Ethyl acetate extract of B. gymnorrhiza stem had the best antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of 62.50 mg/L. Ethyl acetate extract also showed the best value of antioxidant activity as indicated by an IC50 value of 255.03 mg/L. The results of fractions test showed that fraction 3 had the best antibacterial and the best antioxidant activities with both the MIC and MBC values of 7.90 mg/L and IC50 value of 348.91 mg/L, respectively.Conclusion : Ethyl acetate extract of B. gymnorrhiza stem has good potential as antioxidant and antibacterial. The compound which is thought as antioxidant and antibacterial from Ethyl acetate extract is 2-Ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazole.

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