scholarly journals Optimization of hemolysin formation in Alcaligenes species isolated from abattoir wastewater samples in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola O. Olusola-Makinde ◽  
◽  
Daniel J. Arotupin ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Abattoir Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Hemolysin is significantly toxic and it is used as a molecular marker for pathogenicity. This study evaluates the conditions for optimal hemolysin production by Alcaligenes faecalis strains isolated from a city abattoir wastewater. The parameters investigated for hemolysin formation were size of the inoculum, initial pH of production medium, bacterial incubation temperature, agitation speed and growth media. Thereafter, the effect by various parameter on the hemolytic activity for the formation of hemolysin were assessed. The genus Alcaligenes was assigned to the test organisms after analyzing their 16S rRNA gene sequence with accession numbers: MF498824, MF498825 and MF498827. Optimum conditions for hemolysin formation in Alcaligenes faecalis strain OS42 were inoculum size of 0.5% (v/v), pH 9, 20 oC, 0 rpm and brain heart infusion broth. Hemolytic activities, 77% and 79% were achieved at 20 h for strains OS42 and OS61, respectively. Cholesterol and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid did not affect hemolysin formation. This work revealed that the hemolysin formation in Alcaligenes strains was sourced from abattoir wastewater effluent and the effluent was contaminated with pathogenic Alcaligenes strains which is a public health hazard due to their prospective infection to human and animal.

Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Orthodontic Arch wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Suha S Hassan ◽  
Nidhal H. Ghaib ◽  
Batool H Al-Ghurabi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Droplet Transmission

Background: The microorganisms can impend the life of health care professional and particularly the dental practitioners. They can be transmitted by different ways like airborne and droplet transmission. The current study was carried out to identify whether the arch wires that received from the manufactures are free from microbial contamination and to determine the bacterial species attached to the arch wires. Materials and Methods: This study involved eighty samples, consisted of two types of arch wires (nitinol and stainless-steel) from four companies (3M, G&H, Jiscop, OrthoTechnology). These wires inserted in a plane tube that contains 10 -ml of (Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tris-EDTA and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. A 0.1 ml was withdrawn from the tube and spread on agar plates. The control groups consist of 16 plane tube (8 tubes with tris-EDTA and other 8 tubes with (BHI). Results: Microbial sampling yielded growth from 5 of the 80 arch wires. The predominant bacteria that isolated were Bacillus spp. No growth was recovered from 75 of the samples and from controls. The bacteria were isolated by BHI reagent and no growth was observed by tris-EDTA reagent with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The Bacillus spp. found only in the G&H and Jiscop companies, however, no statistically significant difference was found among them (P>0.05). With regard to the presence and distribution of bacteria according to the types of wires, the present results clarified that cases of contamination with Bacillus spp. were found in the nitinol arch wires with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the current study revealed low count of bacterial contamination in the two types of companies (G&H and Jiscop). Not all materials that received from the manufactures are free from contamination and an effective sterilization regimen is needed to avoid cross-contamination.

DIVERSITY OF CULTURABLE BACTERIAL MICROBIOTA OF THE Eisenia foetida DIGESTIVE TRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abraham Pérez-Pérez ◽  
David Espinosa-Victoria ◽  
Hilda V. Silva-Rojas ◽  
Lucía López-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Earthworm Gut

Bacteria are an unavoidable component of the natural earthworm diet; thus, bacterial diversity in the earthworm gut is directly linked to decomposition of organic matter and development of the surrounding plants. The aim of this research was to isolate and to identify biochemically and molecularly the culturable bacterial microbiota of the digestive tract of Eisenia foetida. Earthworms were sourced from Instituto de Reconversión Productiva y Bioenergética (IRBIO) and Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS), México. Bacterial isolation was carried out on plates of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture medium. Fifty six and 44 bacterial isolates were obtained from IRBIO and COLPOS, respectively. The population was composed of 44 Gram-negative and 56 Gram-positive isolates. Over 50 % of the bacterial isolates were rod-shaped cells. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and nine genera were identified in worms from IRBIO (Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Solibacillus, Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, Pantoea, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas) and six in worms from COLPOS (Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas). Bacillus was the predominant genus, with eight and six species in the oligochaetes from IRBIO and COLPOS, respectively. The most represented bacteria in the worms from both sites were Bacillus sp. and B. subtilis. The predominance of Bacillus was probably due to spore formation, a reproductive strategy that ensures survival and dispersion in the soil and oligochaetes digestive tract. The gut of E. foetida not only harbored bacterial species of agronomic importance but also species potentially pathogenic for humans (Staphylococcus warneri, Pantoea agglomerans and Stentrophomonas sp.). The larger bacterial diversity in worms from IRBIO could be due to their feeding on cattle manure, which is a rich source of bacteria.

scholarly journals Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽  
Sasmita Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chlorella sorokiniana Growth in Anaerobic Digester Effluent

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Elvira E. Ziganshina ◽  
Svetlana S. Bulynina ◽  
Ayrat M. Ziganshin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anaerobic Digester Effluent ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Microalgae are considered a potential source of valuable compounds for multiple purposes and are potential agents for bioremediation of aquatic environments contaminated with different pollutants. This work evaluates the use of agricultural waste, unsterilized and anaerobically digested, to produce biomass from a strain of Chlorella sorokiniana. Furthermore, the presence of bacteria in these wastes was investigated based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a specific growth rate ranging between 0.82 and 1.45 day−1, while the final biomass yield in different digestate-containing treatments (bacterial-contaminated cultures) ranged between 0.33 and 0.50 g L−1 day−1. Besides, substantial amounts of ammonium, phosphate, and sulfate were consumed by C. sorokiniana during the experimental period. The predominant bacteria that grew in the presence of C. sorokiniana in the effluent-containing treatments belonged to the genera Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Sphingomonas, Brevundimonas, Hydrogenophaga, Sphingobacterium, and Pseudomonas. Therefore, this microalga can tolerate and grow in the presence of other microorganisms. Finally, these results show that anaerobically digested agricultural waste materials are a good substitute for growth media for green microalgae; however, phosphate and sulfate levels must also be controlled in the media to maintain adequate growth of microalgae.

Actinomyces marmotae sp. nov. and Actinomyces procaprae sp. nov. isolated from wild animals and reclassification of Actinomyces liubingyangii and Actinomyces tangfeifanii as Boudabousia liubingyangii comb. nov. and Boudabousia tangfeifanii comb. nov., respectively

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixin Yang ◽  
Yibo Bai ◽  
Kui Dong ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xin-He Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Pr China ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Four Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strains (zg-325T, zg329, dk561T and dk752) were isolated from the respiratory tract of marmot (Marmota himalayana) and the faeces of Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of PR China. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analyses indicated that strains zg-325T and dk561T represent members of the genus Actinomyces , most similar to Actinomyces denticolens DSM 20671T and Actinomyces ruminicola B71T, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strains zg-325T and dk561T were 71.6 and 69.3 mol%, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of strains zg-325T and dk561T with their most closely related species were below the 70 % threshold for species demarcation. The four strains grew best at 35 °C in air containing 5 % CO2 on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar with 5 % sheep blood. All four strains had C18:1ω9c and C16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids. MK-8 and MK-9 were the major menaquinones in zg-325T while MK-10 was predominant in dk561T. The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. On the basis of several lines of evidence from phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, zg-325T and dk561T represent novel species of the genus Actinomyces , for which the name Actinomyces marmotae sp. nov. and Actinomyces procaprae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are zg-325T (=GDMCC 1.1724T=JCM 34091T) and dk561T (=CGMCC 4.7566T=JCM 33484T). We also propose, on the basis of the phylogenetic results herein, the reclassification of Actinomyces liubingyangii and Actinomyces tangfeifanii as Boudabousia liubingyangii comb. nov. and Boudabousia tangfeifanii comb. nov., respectively.

scholarly journals Multiplex PCR with 16S rRNA Gene-Targeted Primers of Bifidobacterium spp. To Identify Sources of Fecal Pollution

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 3171-3175 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Bonjoch ◽  
E. Ballesté ◽  
A. R. Blanch
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Animal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Different Origins

ABSTRACT Bifidobacteria are one of the most common bacterial types found in the intestines of humans and other animals and may be used as indicators of human fecal pollution. The presence of nine human-related Bifidobacterium species was analyzed in human and animal wastewater samples of different origins by using species-specific primers based on 16S rRNA sequences. Only B. adolescentis and B. dentium were found exclusively in human sewage. A multiplex PCR approach with strain-specific primers was developed. The method showed a sensitivity threshold of 10 cells/ml. This new molecular method could provide useful information for the characterization of fecal pollution sources.

scholarly journals Pectinase production by Aspergillus niger isolated from decomposed apple skin

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Islam ◽  
B Feroza ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
S Begum
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Pectinolytic Activity ◽  
Pectinase Activity ◽  
Pectinase Production

Pectinase activity among twelve different fungal strains, Aspergillus niger IM09 was identified as a potential one to produce maximal level 831 U/g at pH 4.0. Media composition, incubation temperature, incubation time, substrate concentration, aeration, inoculum size, assay temperature and nitrogen sources were found to effect pectinase activity. Moisture content did not affect the activity significantly. Media composition was varied to optimize the enzyme production in solid state fermentation. It was observed that the highest pectinase activity of 831.0 U/g was found to produce in presence of yeast extract as a nitrogen source in combination with ammonium sulfate in assay media. Aeration showed positive significant effects on pectinase production 755 U/g at 1000 ml flasks. The highest pectinase production was found at 2 g pectin (521 U/g) used as a substrate. Pectinolytic activity was found to have undergone catabolite repression with higher pectin concentration (205 U/g at 5 g pectin). The incubation period to achieve maximum pectinase activity by the isolated strain Aspergillus niger IM09 was 3 days, which is suitable from the commercial point of view. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15410 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 25-32, 2013

scholarly journals Association of Alcaligenes Faecalis Strain in Juvenile Earthworms, from Cocoons of Eudrilus Eugeniae

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 688-692
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nutrient Agar Medium ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Cocoons of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae were collected from vermiculture bed and found that it had antibacterial activity. The size of zone of inhibition was directly proportional to the size of cocoons examined. Along with nutritious fluid and embryos, culturable bacterial community was found inside the cocoons. Bacterial colonies were isolated from the trails of newly hatched, juvenile worms in the nutrient agar medium and examined. Gram negative, rod shaped bacterium was found to be abundant in the trails of juvenile earthworms. Polymerase chain reaction was performed from this bacterium to amplify the gene of 16S rRNA and analyzed. Subsequent bi-directional DNA sequencing revealed that this abundant bacterium is highly related to 16S rRNA gene sequence of a strain, Alcaligenes faecalis. Based on available literature, we hypothesize that this bacterium could be symbiotically associated with cocoons of earthworms.

scholarly journals EXPLORATION OF BROTH CHICKEN GUT AS GROWTH MEDIA OF Escherichia coli BL21 pET-Endo FOR ENDO-Β-1,4-D-XYLANASE PRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Ratnadewi ◽  
Moch. Yoris Alidion ◽  
Agung Budi Santoso ◽  
Ika Oktavianawatia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
E Coli

<p>Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase is a hydrolytic enzyme that breakdown the 1.4 chain of xylan polysaccharide. We have succes to transform the plasmid pET-Endo gene encoding endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase from Bacillus sp. originally from termites abdominal to E. coli BL21. The clone was ready for large scale of enzyme production. To reduce production cost, we look for subtitute media for the expensive Luria Berthani broth. Chicken guts broth is good alternative while rich of protein and very cheap. The content of N dissolved chicken guts broth reaches 87 % of LB broth. Growth of E. Coli BL21 in Chicken guts broth and LB broth (as control) was observed by Optical Density (OD) using spectrofotometer. Concentration of glucose added in broth and incubation temperature was varied. The result showed that optimal growth was in addition of 1.5 % glucose and incubated at  37 <sup>o</sup>C for 16 h. This optimal condition was used to grow E. coli BL21 pET-Endo for xylanase production. Enzyme purification was done by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Highest protein yield was 0.076 mg/mL obtained in 100 mM imidazole elucidation. The activity and specific activity of xylanase were estimated as 0.042 U/mL and 0.556 U/µg, respectively. The purification factor was 3.16 time and the molecular weight of enzyme was ± 30, 000 Dalton</p>

scholarly journals Enzyme Bioprospection of Marine-Derived Actinobacteria from the Chilean Coast and New Insight in the Mechanism of Keratin Degradation in Streptomyces sp. G11C

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Valentina González ◽  
María José Vargas-Straube ◽  
Walter O. Beys-da-Silva ◽  
Lucélia Santi ◽  
Pedro Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Marine Actinobacteria ◽  
Valuable Alternative ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Promising Source

Marine actinobacteria are viewed as a promising source of enzymes with potential technological applications. They contribute to the turnover of complex biopolymers, such as pectin, lignocellulose, chitin, and keratin, being able to secrete a wide variety of extracellular enzymes. Among these, keratinases are a valuable alternative for recycling keratin-rich waste, which is generated in large quantities by the poultry industry. In this work, we explored the biocatalytic potential of 75 marine-derived actinobacterial strains, focusing mainly on the search for keratinases. A major part of the strains secreted industrially important enzymes, such as proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, and keratinases. Among these, we identified two streptomycete strains that presented great potential for recycling keratin wastes—Streptomyces sp. CHA1 and Streptomyces sp. G11C. Substrate concentration, incubation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, inoculum size were found to be important parameters that influenced the production of keratinolytic enzymes in both strains. In addition, proteomic analysis of culture broths from Streptomyces sp. G11C on turkey feathers showed a high abundance and diversity of peptidases, belonging mainly to the serine and metallo-superfamilies. Two proteases from families S08 and M06 were highly expressed. These results contributed to elucidate the mechanism of keratin degradation mediated by streptomycetes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document