Gambaran Tingkat Stres Caregiver yang Merawat Lansia : Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 865-871
Author(s):  
Usmut Muttakhidlah ◽  
Dyah Putri Aryati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Elderly Caregivers

AbstractThe elderly population in increasing rapidly. The elderly will experience seversl chnge both physically, physiologically, cognitively, and mentally. Family plays in important role in providing care. Elderly care must be done carefully, patiently, and lovingly. The task can cause stress to the caregiver, which in influenced by busy work factors, changes in behavior due to the childish nature and behavior of the elderly. This study aims to describe the stress level of caregivers who care for the elderly. This study uses a liteartue review design using the PEO (Population, Exprosure, Outcome) method and uses 5 articles from a darabase with electronic searches on pubmed, google scolar dan published in 2016-2021. The results of the analysis of five articles show that the data on the characteristics of te respondents are mostly female (72.83%), the age range of respondents 36-45 years is the most dominant with a persentage of (34.25%), the education of the most respondent is SMA/SMK (46.88%), the majority of respondents work (74.37%), the work stress level of the caregiver who takes care of the elderly is in the category of mild stress with a result of 117 people (46.06%). Elderly dependenvy often appears and caregivers often experince stress. Families and the elderly need to maximize their participantion in providing support to reduce stress.Keywords: elderly caregivers; informal caregiver; stress level AbstrakPopulasi lansia mengalami peningkatan yang pesat. Lansia akan mengalami beberapa perubahan baik secara fisik, fisiologis, kognitif, dan mental. Keluarga berperan penting dalam memberikan perawatan. Perawatan lansia harus dilakukan dengan teliti, sabar, dan penuh cinta. Tugas tersebut dapat menimbulkan stres pada caregiver, yang dipengaruhi faktor kesibukan bekerja, perubahan tingkah laku karena sifat dan tingkah laku lansia yang kekanak-kanakkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat stres caregiver yang merawat lansia. Penelitian ini Menggunakan desain literature review dengan menggunakan metode PEO (Population, Exprosure, Outcome) dan menggunakan 5 artikel dari database dengan penelusuran elekrtonik pada Pubmed dan Google Scholar yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2016-2021. Hasil analisis lima artikel menunjukkan bahwa data karakteristik responden terbanyak berjenis kelamin perempuan (72.83%), rentang usia responden 36-45 tahun paling dominan dengan persentase (34.25%), pendidikan responden terbanyak yaitu SMA/SMK (46.88%), mayoritas responden bekerja (74.37%), tingkat stres caregiver yang merawat lansia tergolong dalam kategori stres ringan dengan hasil 117 orang (46.06%). Ketergantungan lansia sering muncul dan caregiver sering mengalami stres. Keluarga dan lansia perlu memaksimalkan peran serta memberikan dukungan guna mengurangi stres.Kata kunci: Caregiver lansia; caregiver informal; tingkat stres

scholarly journals Social representations of latin american immigrants about immigration, care and elderly caregivers

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Giovanna Barroca de Moura ◽  
Sacramento Pinazo Hernandis
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Word Association Test ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Latin American Immigrants ◽  
Elderly Caregivers

Ageing in Spain has increased considerably and elderly people often find themselves in a situation of great dependence. Facing this situation, many have had the support of immigrant caregivers from Latin America. This research had the purpose to know the social representations (SR) of these caregivers, living in Valencia (Spain), about immigration, care and elderly care. It involved the participation of 35 immigrants who responded the Word Association Test and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The results revealed that the SR on immigration reflect "nostalgia", care was represented by "help", and care for the elderly by "respect". It is concluded that the SR allow understanding the symbolic, affective and cognitive activities in their process of social interaction. It is hoped that these findings will contribute to studies of migration at the international level, promoting positive changes for these groups.

scholarly journals Experiences with the privatization of home care: evidence from Denmark

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Fersch ◽  
Per H Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Care For The Elderly

Processes of privatization in home care for the elderly in Denmark have primarily taken the form of outsourcing public-care provisions. The content and quality of services have in principle remained the same, but the providers of services have changed. The welfare state has continued to bear the major responsibility for the provision of elderly care, while outsourcing has allowed clients to choose between public and private providers of care. The major aim of outsourcing has been to empower the frail elderly by providing them with exit-opportunities through a construction of this group as consumers of welfare-state provisions. The central government in Denmark has produced the public-service reform, but the municipalities bear the administrative and financial responsibility for care for the elderly. Further, national policymakers have decided that local authorities (municipalities) must provide to individuals requiring care the opportunities to choose. With this background in mind, this article analyses how national, top-down ideas and the ‘politics of choice' have created tensions locally in the form of municipal resistance and blockages. The article draws on case studies in two Danish municipalities, whereby central politicians and administrative leaders have been interviewed. We have identified four areas of tensions: 1) those between liberal and libertarian ideas and values versus local political orientations and practices; 2) new tensions and lines of demarcation among political actors, where old political conflicts no longer holds; 3) tensions between promises and actual delivery, due to insufficient control of private contractors; and 4) those between market principles and the professional ethics of care providers.

Patterns of Expenditure in Healthcare for Elderly in Shanghai

China Report ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-353
Author(s):  
Zhu Bifan ◽  
Li Fen ◽  
Wang Linan ◽  
Wang Changying ◽  
Jin Chunlin
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pattern Of Care ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Status ◽  
Integration Of Services ◽  
Health Accounts ◽  
System Of Health Accounts

This study aims to summarise the characteristics of elderly care system and analyse expenditures of healthcare for the elderly in Shanghai. The authors use medical records of 2015 and health account results of 2014 based on System of Health Accounts 2011 to describe the pattern of care expenditures for elderly. Individuals aged 60 years and above account for 19.5 per cent of Shanghai’s population but utilise 52.2 per cent of all outpatient visits and 45.3 per cent of all hospitalisations. Almost two-thirds of their medical expenditures occur in hospitals and 16 per cent in community health centres, corresponding to the status of resource allocation. The out-of-pocket payment ratio of the elderly is lower than that of the younger adults, which is attributable to the preferential reimbursement polices set by the insurance schemes. The leading causes of expenditures are cardiovascular disease, neoplasms and respiratory diseases. Care for the elderly costs more, and the elderly use more services than other age groups. The article recommends the monitoring of irrational utilisation of services, strengthening of primary level care and integration of services across different facilities to streamline care for elderly in Shanghai.

scholarly journals Difficulties encountered in care for elderly persons with dementia: coping based on participatory research

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Barbara Martins Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Célia Pereira Caldas ◽  
Helena Maria Shchelowski Leal David ◽  
Michel Jean Marie Thiollent
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
People With Dementia

Abstract Objective: to analyze the proposal of an action plan created by nurses to deal with difficulties in caring for the elderly. The aim of the present study was therefore to analyze the difficulties that family caregivers find in relation to access to services, material resources and the support network when meeting the care needs of the elderly in accordance with Brazilian public policy. Method: the methodology of participatory research and content analysis proposed by Bardin was used. The context was the Geriatric service of a university hospital. The group of co-researchers included eight nurses and 12 caregivers of elderly people with dementia. Results: the following categories emerged from the analysis: contradictions and work proposals. The contradictions category revealed reflections about the difference between the proposed care for the elderly and the reality of a lack of care and the precarious conditions of health services. This situation leads to overburdening of caregivers. The work proposals refer to the strategies used by nurses to establish a relationship of support to family caregivers to cope with the difficulties involved in care for the elderly. Conclusion: nurses recognize that they are professionals capable of receiving, listening to and managing the needs of family caregivers of the elderly, thus promoting the health of the elderly and the caregivers themselves, preparing the family of the patient for home care and coping with difficulties experienced in elderly care.

scholarly journals Elderly Care: An Examination of Shahuchi Old People’s Home, Kano, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience E. Ukiri Mudiare
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Assisted Living Facilities ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Proactive Measures

In Nigeria, it is expected that children take care of their parents in their old age. However, it is increasingly becoming more difficult for children to cater for their aged parents who are not economically buoyant. Because of filial piety, the idea of putting one’s parents in an institution like old people’s home is an anathema for most people. Yet the need for such homes and other specialized care for the elderly is obvious in the light of the burden being experienced by women who are the major primary caregivers. This study of an Old People’s Home in Kano revealed that other than the accommodation and feeding provided, there are no specialized programmes and facilities to cater for the physical, mental and social needs of the elderly. Gender segregation is enforced but no consideration is given to differences in age, physical and developmental challenges. This highlights the urgent need for the Nigerian government to take more proactive measures in its policy on ageing by making provisions for long-term care facilities, residential arrangements with assisted living facilities, and adult day care centres with competent personnel.

scholarly journals Caring for the elderly: a report on the status of care for the elderly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-643
Author(s):  
G. Hafez ◽  
K. Bagchi ◽  
R. Mahaini
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Status ◽  
Elderly Health

To update our understanding of the status of elderly health care within the context of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office’s Strategy Paper on Elderly Care (1995), a short questionnaire was sent to all Member States of the Region, except Afghanistan and Somalia. The questionnaire sought information on the proportion of the elderly in the population, the status of health care and the level of economic, social, cultural and physical assistance available to the elderly. Of the 21 countries in the survey, 18 (86%) responded. The findings of the survey are discussed here under the headings of demography, national policies on elderly care, social benefits, health care, social and community services, economic burden and the role of the non-government sector

scholarly journals Nothing but Trouble: Studies on the Effects of Reforms in Elderly Care in Sweden and Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Sobis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Future

Abstract Reforms of the public sector, conducted in the spirit of NPM since the 1990s, are frequently studied by Western and Eastern scholars. The research shows national variations in how the NPM idea was translated and adapted into a country’s context and regulations. Care for the elderly is an interesting example of reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM, because it relates to welfare and health care and to the competences of provincial and local authorities in most European countries. This paper addresses the following questions: What do we know about the reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM and its practical implication within the field of care for the elderly during 1990 - 2010? What kind of knowledge about care for the elderly is still missing and should be developed in the future ? Th is paper conducts comparative research on what is known about the effects of the Swedish and the Polish reforms regarding care for the elderly. It argues that most literature points to negative effects, but also to the fact that there are still gaps in our knowledge about the effects of reforms concerning elderly care, especially regarding its organization. Hence, despite all the research done, we do not know what kind of social and health-care services for seniors represent the best practices for the future.

scholarly journals Acoustic characteristics of voice in different cycles of life: an integrative literature review

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Alves Spazzapan ◽  
Viviane Cristina de Castro Marino ◽  
Vanessa Moraes Cardoso ◽  
Larissa Cristina Berti ◽  
Eliana Maria Gradim Fabron
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Purpose: to carry out an integrative literature review about the acoustic characteristics of healthy voice production, from childhood to old age. Methods: a bibliographic survey was conducted on the databases PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE and LILACS, covering the last 10 years. Nineteen studies were found, meeting the proposed criteria, on acoustic measurements: F0 (fundamental frequency), jitter, shimmer and/or noise measurements, in males and females, with normal voices in their different stages of life. Results: the analysis showed that F0 is the most changing acoustic parameter as people grow up and grow old. Its values present gradual fall from childhood to old age in the female population, whereas among men such decrease lasts until adulthood. Jitter, shimmer and noise remain stable throughout childhood and adulthood, while shimmer and noise measurements increase in old age. In the literature, there is no consensus regarding increase of jitter measurements in the elderly. Conclusion: from childhood to old age, in both genders, vocal changes take place which are reflected, especially by F0. There is a scarcity of information on acoustics related to specific populations with ample age range, using the same methodology. The information in this study may guide future investigations aiming to understand natural changes occurring in the human voice, in addition to guiding in the clinical practice.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sokongan Emosi dan Sosial ke atas Hubungan Intergenerasi dalam Penjagaan Warga Tua Pelbagai Etnik

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Hudani Md Nawi ◽  
Puteri Hayati Megat Ahmad Hayati Megat Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Dahlan A. Malek ◽  
Getrude Cosmas ◽  
Habibie Ibrahim Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intergenerational Relationship ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

This study aims to identify the psychological and social supports on intergenerational relationships among adult children who care for the elderly (parents) in the multi-ethnic community of Sabah. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of emotional and social support on the intergenerational relationship in the elderly care. There are 200 questionnaires that can be used from 250 respondents consisting of young adults who play the role of guardians of the elderly. Three sets of questionnaires were used in this study: the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire-Revised (PACHIQ-R) (Lange, 2001) questionnaire was adapted in this study is the current version of the results of the modification from the First Phase version of The Parent- Child Interaction Questionnaire (PACHIQ) (Lange, Blonk & Wiers, 1998) to measure the intergeneration relationship. Next, The Emotional Support Scale questionnaire (ESS) developed by Hisada, Seng and Minoguchi (1989) was used to measure psychological support whereas Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) by Sarason, Levine, Basham (1983) for measuring social support.  Regression analysis from SPSS software was used to analysis the influence between variables. Studies show that emotional support contributes to the intergenerational relationship. Social support contributes 27 percent to variance in intergenerational relationships. While the combination of two forms of social and emotional support contributes 40 percent variance to the intergenerational relationship, an increase of 13 percent. This finding shows that both forms of support can help improve intergenerational relationships between children acting as guardians with older parents. The implication of this study suggests that there is a need to develop a policy module based on the National Elderly Policy (DWEN) which needs to be done in holistic and integrated national action plans to ensure the welfare of the guardians as well as the elderly.

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